The "Model Minority" Victim: Immigration, Gender, and Asian American Vulnerabilities to Violence at School

Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice

Volumn 10, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 129-147

  Koo, Dixie J ^a   Peguero, Anthony A ^b   Shekarkhar, Zahra ^c  

^a CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

Author keywords

bullying; gender; immigration; Race and ethnicity; victimization; youth violence

Indexed keywords

EID: 84860794775     PISSN: 15377938     EISSN: 15377946     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2011.609405     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. American Association of University Women Educational Foundation. 2001. Hostile hallways: Bullying, teasing, and sexual harassment in school hallways Washington, DC: American Association of University Woman Educational Foundation.
2. Bhuyan, R., Mell, M., Senturia, K., Sullivan, M. and Shiu-Thorton, S. 2005. Women must endure according to their karma: Cambodian immigrant women talk about domestic violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20: 902-921.
3. Capps, R., Fix, M., Ost, J., Reardon-Anderson, J. and Passel, J. 2004. The health and well-being of young children of immigrants, Washington, DC: Urban Institute. Retrieved from http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/311139_ChildrenImmigrants.pdf
4. Choi, Y. and Lahey, B. 2006. Testing model minority stereotype: Youth behaviors across racial and ethnic groups. Social Service Review, 80: 419-452.
5. Choo, K. 2006. Gangs and immigrant youth, New York, NY: LFB Scholarly.
6. Chou, R. and Feagin, J. 2008. The myth of the model minority: Asian Americans facing racism, Boulder, CO: Paradigm.
7. Desmond, S. A. and Kubrin, C. E. 2009. The power of place: Immigrant communities and adolescent violence. The Sociological Quarterly, 50: 581-607.
8. DeVoe, J., Peter, K., Noonan, M., Snyder, T. and Baum, K. 2005. Indicators of school crime and safety: 2005, (National Center for Education Statistics Report No. 2006-001/NCJ 210697) Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
9. Dinkes, R., Kemp, J. and Baum, K. 2009. Indicators of school crime and safety: 2008, (National Center for Education Statistics Report No. 2009-022/NCJ 226343) Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics and Bureau of Justice Statistics.
10. Esbensen, F. and Carson, D. 2009. Consequences of being bullied: Results from a longitudinal assessment of bullying victimization in a multi-site sample of American students. Youth & Society, 41(2): 209-233.
11. Finkelhor, D. 2008. Childhood victimization: Violence, crime and abuse in the lives of young people, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
12. Gottfredson, D. 2001. Schools and delinquency, New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
13. Hand, J. and Sanchez, L. 2000. Badgering or bantering? Gender differences in experience of, and reactions to, sexual harassment among U.S. high school students. Gender and Society, 14: 718-746.
14. Hagan, J., Levi, R. and Dinovitzer, R. 2008. The symbolic violence of the crime-immigration nexus: Migrant mythologies in the Americas. Criminology and Public Policy, 7: 95-112.
15. Hishinuma, E., Chang, J., Goebert, D., Else, I., Nishimura, S., Choi-Misailidis, S. and Jones, L. 2005. Prevalence of victims of violence among ethnically diverse Asian/Pacific Islanders. Violence and Victims, 20: 561-575.
16. Jang, S. J. 2002. The effects of family, school, peers, and attitudes on adolescents' drug use: Do they vary wit age?. Justice Quarterly, 19: 97-126.
17. Kao, G. 1995. Asian-Americans as model minorities? A look at their academic performance. American Journal of Education, 103: 121-159.
18. Khoury-Kassabri, M., Benbenishty, R., Astor, R. A. and Zeira, A. 2004. The contributions of community, family, and school variables to student victimization. American Journal of Community Psychology, 34: 187-204.
19. Lee, S. 2005. Up against whiteness: Race, school and immigrant youth., New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
20. Lee, S. 2006. Additional complexities: Social class, ethnicity, generation, and gender in Asian American student experiences. Race Ethnicity and Education, 9(1): 17-28.
21. Lee, S. 2009. Unraveling the model-minority stereotype: Listening to Asian American youth, 2nd ed., New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
22. Levitt, P. and Waters, M. 2002. The changing face of home: The transnational lives of the second generation, New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.
23. Macmillan, R. and Hagan, J. 2004. Violence in the transition to adulthood: Adolescent victimization, education, and socioeconomic attainment in later life. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 14(2): 127-158.
24. Martínez, R. 2006. "Coming to America: The impact of the new immigration on crime". In Immigration and crime: Race, ethnicity, and violence (pp. 1-19), Edited by: Martínez, R. and Valenzuela, A. New York, NY: New York University Press.
25. Mouttapa, M., Valente, T., Gallaher, P., Rohrbach, L. and Unger, J. 2004. Social network predictors of bullying and victimization. Adolescence, 39(154): 315-336.
26. Muschert, G. W. and Peguero, A. A. 2010. The Columbine effect and school anti-violence policy. Research in School Problems & Public Policy, 17: 117-148.
27. Nansel, T., Overpeck, M., Pilla, R., Ruan, W., Simons-Morion, B. and Scheldt, P. 2001. Bullying behaviors among US youth: Prevalence and association with psychosocial adjustment. Journal of the American Medical Association, 285: 2094-2100.
28. National Center for Education Statistics. 2004. Educational longitudinal study: 2002 base year data file user's manual, Washington, DC: Author.
29. Olsen, L. 2008. Made in America: Immigrant students in our public schools, New York, NY: New Press.
30. Pang, V. 2006. Fighting the marginalization of Asian American students with caring schools: Focusing on curricular change. Race, Ethnicity, and Education, 9: 67-83.
31. Park, L. 2008. Continuing significance of the model minority myth: The second generation. Social Justice, 35(2): 134-144.
32. Peguero, A. 2008. "The victimization and vulnerabilities of immigrant children: The importance of English proficiency". In Agenda for social justice: Solutions, Edited by: Perrucci, R., Ferraro, K., Miller, J. and Muschert, G. 1-7. Knoxville, TN: Society for the Study of Social Problems.
33. Peguero, A. 2009. Victimizing the children of immigrants: Latino and Asian American student victimization. Youth and Society, 41(2): 186-208.
34. Portes, A. and Rumbaut, R. 2001. Legacies: The story of the immigrant second generation, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
35. Portes, A. and Rumbaut, R. 2006. Immigrant America: A portrait, 3rd ed., Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
36. Qin, D. B., Way, N. and Mukherjee, P. 2008. The other side of the model minority story: The familial and peer challenges faced by Chinese American adolescents. Youth and Society, 39: 480-506.
37. Qin, D., Way, N. and Rana, M. 2008. The "model minority" and their discontent: Examining peer discrimination and harassment of Chinese American immigrant youth. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 121: 27-42.
38. Raudenbush, S., Bryk, A. and Congdon, R. 2004. Hierarchical linear and nonlinear modeling, Vol. 6, Lincolnwood, IL: Scientific Software International.
39. Rong, X. and Preissle, J. 2008. Educating immigrant students in the 21st century: What we need to know to meet the challenges, Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
40. Rumbaut, R. G. and Ewing, W. A. 2007. The myth of immigrant criminality and the paradox of assimilation: Incarceration rates among native and foreign-born men, Washington, DC: American Immigration Law Foundation.
41. Sampson, R. J. 2008. Rethinking crime and immigration. Contexts, 7: 28-33.
42. Segal, U. 2002. A framework for immigration: Asians in the United States, New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
43. Stewart, E. 2003. School social bonds, school climate, and school misbehavior: A multilevel analysis. Justice Quarterly, 20: 575-613.
44. Tharp-Taylor, S., Haviland, A. and D'Amico, E. 2009. Victimization from mental and physical bullying and substance use in early adolescence. Addictive Behaviors, 34: 561-567.
45. Tseng, V. 2006. Unpacking immigration in youths' academic and occupational pathways. Child Development, 77: 1434-1445.
46. U.S. Census Bureau. 2008. Current population survey, Washington, DC: Author.
47. Verdugo, R. 1999. Safe schools: Theory, data, and practices. Education and Urban Society, 31(3): 267-274.
48. Welsh, W. 2001. Effects of student and school factors on five measures of school disorder. Justice Quarterly, 18: 911-948.
49. Yang, K. 2004. Southeast Asian American children: Not the model minority. The Future of Children, 14(2): 127-133.
50. Yick, A. and Berthold, S. 2005. Conducting research on violence in Asian American communities: Methodological issues. Violence and Victims, 20: 661-677.
51. Young, E., Boye, A. and Nelson, D. 2006. Relational aggression: Understanding, identifying, and responding in schools. Psychology in the Schools, 43: 297-312.
52. Zhou, M. 1997. Growing up American: The challenge confronting immigrant children and children of immigrants. Annual Review of Sociology, 23: 63-95.
53. Zhou, M. and Bankston, C. 1998. Growing up American: How Vietnamese children adapt to life in the United States, New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.
54. Zhou, M. and Bankston, C. 2006. "Delinquency and acculturation in the twenty-first century: A decade's change in Vietnamese American community". In Immigration, and crime: Race, ethnicity, and violence, Edited by: Martínez, R. and Valenzuela, A. New York, NY: New York University Press. (pp. 117-139).
55. Zhou, M. and Xiong, Y. 2005. The multifaceted American experiences of the children of Asian immigrants: Lessons for segmented assimilation. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 28: 1119-1152.