Circulating endothelial progenitor cells as biomarkers for prediction of cardiovascular outcomes

Current Medicinal Chemistry

Volumn 19, Issue 16, 2012, Pages 2597-2604

  Bakogiannis, C ^a,b   Tousoulis, D ^a   Androulakis, E ^a   Briasoulis, A ^a   Papageorgiou, N ^a   Vogiatzi, G ^a   Kampoli, A M ^a   Charakida, M ^a   Siasos, G ^a   Latsios, G ^a   Antoniades, C ^a   Stefanadis, C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS MEDICAL SCHOOL   (Greece)

^b SAARLAND UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

Biomarkers; Cardiac risk; Coronary artery disease; Endothelial progenitor cells

Indexed keywords

CD34 ANTIGEN; CD45 ANTIGEN; MEMBRANE ANTIGEN; VASCULOTROPIN C;

ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME; ARTICLE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; DIABETES MELLITUS; ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITOR CELL; HEART FAILURE; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; MEASUREMENT; NONHUMAN; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PHENOTYPE; PREDICTION; PROTEIN EXPRESSION;

EID: 84860766934     PISSN: 09298673     EISSN: 1875533X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/092986712800492995     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Zampetaki, A.; Kirton, J.P.; Xu, Q. Vascular repair by endothelial progenitor cells. Cardiovasc. Res., 2008, 78, 413-421. (Pubitemid 351769775)
2. Asahara, T.; Murohara, T.; Sullivan, A.; Silver, M.; van der Zee, R.; Li, T.; Witzenbichler, B.; Schatteman, G.; Isner, J.M. Isolation of putative progenitor endothelial cells for angiogenesis. Science, 1997, 275, 964-967. (Pubitemid 27087709)
3. Peichev, M.; Naiyer, A.J.; Pereira, D.; Zhu, Z.; Lane, W.J.; Williams, M.,; Oz, M.C.; Hicklin, D.J.; Witte, L.; Moore, M.A.; Rafii, S. Expression of VEGFR-2 and AC133 by circulating human CD34(fl) cells identifies a population of functional endothelial precursors. Blood, 2000, 95, 952-958. (Pubitemid 30062717)
4. Ingram, D.A.; Mead, L.E.; Tanaka, H.; Meade, V.; Fenoglio, A.; Mortell, K.; Ferkowicz, M.J.; Gilley, D.; Yoder, M.C. Identification of a novel hierarchy of endothelial progenitor cells using human peripheral and umbilical cord blood. Blood, 2004, 104, 2752-2760. (Pubitemid 39434958)
5. Case, J.; Mead, L.E.; Bessler, W.K.; Prater, D.; White, H.A.; Saadatzadeh, M.R.; Bhavsar, J.R.; Yoder, M.C.; Haneline, L.S.; Ingram, D.A.H.Human CD34flAC133flVEGFR-2fl cells are not endothelial progenitor cells but distinct, primitive hematopoietic progenitors. Exp. Hematol., 2007, 35, 1109-1118. (Pubitemid 46921310)
6. Vasa, M.; Fichtlscherer, S.; Aicher, A.; Adler, K.; Urbich, C.; Martin, H.; Zeiher, A.M.; Dimmeler, S. Number and migratory activity of circulating endothelial progenitor cells inversely correlate with risk factors for coronary artery disease. Circ. Res., 2001, 89, E1-E7.
7. Werner, N.; Kosiol, S.; Schiegl, T.; Ahlers, P.; Walenta, K.; Link, A.; Böhm, M.; Nickenig, G. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells and cardiovascular outcomes. N. Engl. J. Med., 2005, 353, 999-1007. (Pubitemid 41262334)
8. Hill, J.; Zalos, G.; Halcox, J.; Schenke, W.H.; Waclawiw, M.A.; Quyyumi, A.A.; Finkel, T. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells, vascular function, and cardiovascular risk. N. Engl. J. Med., 2003, 348, 593-600. (Pubitemid 36204953)
9. Schmidt-Lucke, C.; Rossig, L.; Fichtlscherer, S.; Vasa, M.; Britten, M.; Kamper, U.; Dimmeler, S.; Zeiher, A. Reduced numbers of circulating endothelial progenitor cells predicts future cardiovascular events. Circulation, 2005, 111, 2981-2987.
10. Keymel, S.; Kalka, C.; Rassaf, T.; Yeghiazarians, Y.; Kelm, M.; Heiss, C. Impaired endothelial progenitor cell function predicts age-dependent carotid intimal thickening. Basic Res. Cardiol., 2003, 103, 582-586.
11. Fadini, G.P.; Maruyama, S.; Ozaki, T.; Taguchi, A.; Meigs, J.; Dimmeler, S.; Zeiher, A.M.; de Kreutzenberg, S.; Avogaro, A.; Nickenig, G.; Schmidt-Lucke, C.; Werner, N. Circulating progenitor cell count for cardiovascular risk stratification: a pooled analysis. PLoS ONE, 2010, 5, e11488.
12. Morrow, D.A.; de Lemos, J.A. Benchmarks for the assessment of novel cardiovascular biomarkers. Circulation, 2007, 115, 949-52. (Pubitemid 46328287)
13. Wang, T.J. Assessing the role of circulating, genetic, and imaging biomarkers in cardiovascular risk prediction. Circulation, 2011, 123, 551-65.
14. Rafii, S. Circulating endothelial precursors: mystery, reality, and promise. J. Clin. Invest., 2000, 105, 17-9. (Pubitemid 30036383)
15. Ribatti D. The involvement of endothelial progenitor cells in tumor angiogenesis. J Cell Mol Med. 2004 Jul-Sep;8(3):294-300. (Pubitemid 44145493)
16. Timmermans, F.; Van Hauwermeiren, F.; De Smedt, M.; Raedt, R.; Plasschaert, F.; De Buyzere, M.L.; Gillebert, T.C.; Plum, J.; Vandekerckhove, B. Endothelial outgrowth cells are not derived from CD133+ cells or CD45+ hematopoietic precursors. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2007, 27, 1572-9. (Pubitemid 46986112)
17. Nolan, D.J.; Ciarrocchi, A.; Mellick, A.S.; Jaggi, J.S.; Bambino, K.; Gupta, S.; Heikamp, E.; McDevitt, M.R.; Scheinberg, D.A.; Benezra, R.; Mittal, V. Bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells are a major determinant of nascent tumor neovascularization. Genes Dev., 2007, 21, 1546-58. (Pubitemid 46955726)
18. Hillebrands, J.L.; Klatter, F.A.; van Dijk, W.D.; Rozing, J. Bone marrow does not contribute substantially to endothelial-cell replacement in transplant arteriosclerosis. Nat. Med., 2002, 8, 194-5. (Pubitemid 34250078)
19. Hagensen, M.K.; Shim, J.; Thim, T.; Falk, E.; Bentzon, J.F. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells do not contribute to plaque endothelium in murine atherosclerosis. Circulation, 2010, 121, 898-905.
20. Perry, T.E.; Song, M.; Despres, D.J.; Kim, S.M.; San, H.; Yu, Z.X.; Raghavachari, N.; Schnermann, J.; Cannon, R.O. 3rd.; Orlic, D. Bone marrow-derived cells do not repair endothelium in a mouse model of chronic endothelial cell dysfunction. Cardiovasc. Res., 2009, 84, 317-25.
21. Purhonen, S.; Palm, J.; Rossi, D.; Kaskenpaa, N.; Rajantie, I.; Yla-Herttuala, S.; Alitalo, K.; Weissman, I.L.; Salven, P. Bone marrow-derived circulating endothelial precursors do not contribute to vascular endothelium and are not needed for tumor growth. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2008, 105, 6620-5. (Pubitemid 351754556)
22. Estes, M.L.; Mund, J.A.; Ingram, D.A.; Case, J. Identification of endothelial cells and progenitor cell subsets in human peripheral blood. Curr. Protoc. Cytom., 2010, Chapter 9, 1-11.
23. Schmidt-Lucke, C.; Fichtlscherer, S.; Aicher, A.; Tschöpe, C.; Schultheiss, H.P.; Zeiher, A.M.; Dimmeler, S. Quantification of circulating endothelial progenitor cells using the modified ISHAGE protocol. PLoS One, 2010, 5, e13790-7
24. Masouleh, B.K.; Baraniskin, A.; Schmiegel, W.; Schroers, R. Quantification of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in human peripheral blood: establishing a reliable flow cytometry protocol. J. Immunol. Methods, 2010, 357, 38-42.
25. Takahashi, T.; Kalka, C.; Masuda, H.; Chen, D.; Silver, M.; Kearney, M.; Magner, M.; Isner, J.M.; Asahara, T. Ischemia-and cytokine-induced mobilization of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells for neovascularization. Nat. Med., 1999, 5, 434-8. (Pubitemid 29180584)
26. Kalka, C.; Masuda H.; Takahashi, T.; Kalka-Moll, W.M.; Silver, M.; Kearney, M.; Li, T.; Isner, J.M.; Asahara, T. Transplantation of ex vivo expanded endothelial progenitor cells for therapeutic neovascularization. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2000, 97, 3422-7. (Pubitemid 30183318)
27. Zhang, S.J.; Zhang, H.; Wei, Y.J.; Su, W.J.; Liao, Z.K.; Hou, M.; Zhou, J.Y.; Hu, S.S. Adult endothelial progenitor cells from human peripheral blood maintain monocyte/macrophage function throughout in vitro culture. Cell Res, 2006, 16, 577-84.
28. Prokopi, M.; Pula, G.; Mayr, U.; Devue, C.; Gallagher, J.; Xiao, Q.; Boulanger, C.M.; Westwood, N.; Urbich, C.; Willeit, J.; Steiner, M.; Breuss, J.; Xu, Q.; Kiechl, S.; Mayr, M. Proteomic analysis reveals presence of platelet microparticles in endothelial progenitor cell cultures. Blood, 2009, 114, 723-32.
29. Hur, J.; Yoon, C.H.; Kim, H.S.; Choi, J.H.; Kang, H.J.; Hwang, K.K.; Oh, B.H.; Lee, M.M.; Park, Y.B. Characterization of two types of endothelial progenitor cells and their different contributions to neovasculogenesis. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2004, 24, 288-93. (Pubitemid 38197580)
30. Rohde, E.; Malischnik, C.; Thaler, D.; Maierhofer, T.; Linkesch, W.; Lanzer, G.; Guelly, C.; Strunk, D. Blood monocytes mimic endothelial progenitor cells. Stem Cells, 2006, 24, 357-67. (Pubitemid 44464805)
31. Yoder, M.C.; Mead, L.E.; Prater, D.; Krier, T.R.; Mroueh, K.N.; Li, F.; Krasich, R.; Temm, C.J.; Prchal, J.T.; Ingram, D.A. Redefining endothelial progenitor cells via clonal analysis and hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell principals. Blood, 2007, 109, 1801-9. (Pubitemid 46348173)
32. Melero-Martin, J.M.; Khan, Z.A.; Picard, A.; Wu, X.; Paruchuri, S.; Bischoff, J. In vivo vasculogenic potential of human blood-derived endothelial progenitor cells. Blood 2007, 109, 4761-8. (Pubitemid 46827769)
33. Mukai, N.; Akahori, T.; Komaki, M.; Li, Q.; Kanayasu-Toyoda, T.; Ishii-Watabe, A.; Kobayashi, A.; Yamaguchi, T.; Abe, M.; Amagasa, T.; Morita, I. A comparison of the tube forming potentials of early and late endothelial progenitor cells. Exp. Cell Res. 2008, 314, 430-40.
34. Urbich, C.; Aicher, A.; Heeschen, C.; Dernbach, E.; Hofmann, W.K.; Zeiher, A.M.; Dimmeler, S. Soluble factors released by endothelial progenitor cells promote migration of endothelial cells and cardiac resident progenitor cells. J. Mol. Cell Cardiol., 2005, 39, 733-742. (Pubitemid 41464410)
35. Murphy, C.; Kanaganayagam, G.S.; Jiang, B.; Chowienczyk, P.J.; Zbinden, R.; Saha, M.; Rahman, S.; Shah, A.M.; Marber, M.S.; Kearney, M.T. Vascular dysfunction and reduced circulating endothelial progenitor cells in young healthy UK South Asian men. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2007, 27, 936-942. (Pubitemid 46606728)
36. Papageorgiou, N.; Tousoulis, D.; Androulakis, E.; Giotakis, A.; Siasos, G.; Latsios, G.; Stefanadis, C. Lifestyle factors and endothelial function. Curr. Vasc. Pharmacol., 2011 Nov 21.
37. Tousoulis, D.; Papageorgiou, N.; Androulakis, E.; Paroutoglou, K.; Stefanadis, C. Novel therapeutic strategies targeting vascular endothelium in essential hypertension. Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs., 2010, 19, 1395-412.
38. Chen, J.Z.; Zhang, F.R.; Tao, Q.M.; Wang, X.X.; Zhu, J.H.; Zhu, J.H. Number and activity of endothelial progenitor cells from peripheral blood in patients with hypercholesterolaemia. Clin. Sci. (Lond.), 2004, 107, 273-80. (Pubitemid 39243886)
39. Wang, X.; Chen, J.; Tao, Q.; Zhu, J.; Shang, Y. Effects of ox-LDL on number and activity of circulating endothelial progenitor cells. Drug Chem. Toxicol., 2004, 27, 243-255. (Pubitemid 39238076)
40. Kondo, T.; Hayashi, M.; Takeshita, K.; Numaguchi, Y.; Kobayashi, K.; Iino, S.; Inden, Y.; Murohara, T. Smoking cessation rapidly increases circulating progenitor cells in peripheral blood in chronic smokers. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2004, 24, 1442-7. (Pubitemid 39050438)
41. MacEneaney, O.J.; DeSouza, C.A.; Weil, B.R.; Kushner, E.J.; Van Guilder, G.P.; Mestek, M.L.; Greiner, J.J., Stauffer, B.L. Prehypertension and endothelial progenitor cell function. J. Hum. Hypertens., 2011, 25, 57-62.
42. Giannotti, G.; Doerries, C.; Mocharla, P.S.; Mueller, M.F.; Bahlmann, F.H.; Horváth, T.; Jiang, H.; Sorrentino, S.A.; Steenken, N.; Manes, C.; Marzilli, M.; Rudolph, K.L.; Lüscher, T.F.; Drexler, H.; Landmesser, U. Impaired endothelial repair capacity of early endothelial progenitor cells in prehypertension: relation to endothelial dysfunction. Hypertension, 2010, 55, 1389-97.
43. Loomans, C.J.; de Koning, E.J.; Staal, F.J.; Rookmaaker, M.B.; Verseyden, C.; de Boer, H.C.; Verhaar, M.C.; Braam, B.; Rabelink, T.J.; van Zonneveld, A.J. Endothelial progenitor cell dysfunction: a novel concept in the pathogenesis of vascular complications of type 1 diabetes. Diabetes, 2004, 53, 195-9. (Pubitemid 38044715)
44. Fadini, G.P.; Miorin, M.; Facco, M.; Bonamico, S.; Baesso, I.; Grego, F.; Menegolo, M.; de Kreutzenberg, S.V.; Tiengo, A.; Agostini, C.; Avogaro, A. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells are reduced in peripheral vascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2005, 45, 1449-57. (Pubitemid 40615617)
45. Kränkel, N.; Adams, V.; Linke, A.; Gielen, S.; Erbs, S.; Lenk, K.; Schuler, G.; Hambrecht, R. Hyperglycemia reduces survival and impairs function of circulating blood-derived progenitor cells. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2005, 25, 698-703. (Pubitemid 40463856)
46. Chen, Y.H.; Lin, S.J.; Lin, F.Y.; Wu, T.C.; Tsao, C.R.; Huang, P.H.; Liu, P.L.; Chen, Y.L.; Chen, J.W. High glucose impairs early and late endothelial progenitor cells by modifying nitric oxide-related but not oxidative stressmediated mechanisms. Diabetes, 2007, 56, 1559-68.
47. Wassmann, S.; Werner, N.; Czech, T.; Nickenig, G. Improvement of endothelial function by systemic transfusion of vascular progenitor cells. Circ. Res., 2006, 99, e74-e83 (Pubitemid 44556373)
48. Asahara, T.; Masuda, H.; Takahashi, T.; Kalka, C.; Pastore, C.; Silver, M.; Kearne, M.; Magner, M.; Isner, J.M. Bone marrow origin of endothelial progenitor cells responsible for postnatal vasculogenesis in physiological and pathological neovascularization. Circ. Res., 1999, 85, 221-228. (Pubitemid 29377293)
49. Briasoulis, A.; Tousoulis, D.; Antoniades, C.; Stefanadis, C.; Papageorgiou, N. The Role of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Vascular Repair after Arterial Injury and Atherosclerotic Plaque Development. Cardiovasc. Ther., 2010 Apr 7.
50. Kaushal, S.; Amiel, G.E.; Guleserian, K.J.; Shapira, O.M.; Perry, T.; Sutherland, F.W.; Rabkin, E.; Moran, A.M.; Schoen, F.J.; Atala, A.; Soker, S.; Bischoff, J.; Mayer, J.E. Jr. Functional small-diameter neovessels created using endothelial progenitor cells expanded ex vivo. Nat. Med. 2001, 7, 1035-1040. (Pubitemid 32937384)
51. Griese, D.P.; Ehsan, A.; Melo, L.G.; Kong, D.; Zhang, L.; Mann, M.J.; Pratt, R.E.; Mulligan, R.C., Dzau, V.J. Isolation and transplantation of autologous circulating endothelial cells into denuded vessels and prosthetic grafts: implications for cell-based vascular therapy. Circulation, 2003, 108, 2710-2715. (Pubitemid 37466815)
52. Schmidt-Lucke, C.; Rössig, L.; Fichtlscherer, S.; Vasa, M.; Britten, M.; Kämper, U.; Dimmeler, S.; Zeiher, A.M. Reduced number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells predicts future cardiovascular events: proof of concept for the clinical importance of endogenous vascular repair. Circulation, 2005, 111, 2981-7. (Pubitemid 40814192)
53. Eizawa, T.; Ikeda, U.; Murakami, Y.; Matsui, K.; Yoshioka, T.; Takahashi, M.; Muroi, K.; Shimada, K. Decrease in circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Heart, 2004, 90, 685-6. (Pubitemid 38668548)
54. Güven, H.; Shepherd, R.M.; Bach, R.G.; Capoccia, B.J.; Link, D.C. The number of endothelial progenitor cell colonies in the blood is increased in patients with angiographically significant coronary artery disease. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2006, 48, 1579-87. (Pubitemid 44528190)
55. Shintani, S.; Murohara, T.; Ikeda, H.; Ueno, T.; Honma, T.; Katoh, A.; Sasaki, K.; Shimada, T.; Oike, Y.; Imaizumi, T. Mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Circulation, 2001, 103, 2776-2779. (Pubitemid 32550062)
56. Massa, M.; Rosti, V.; Ferrario, M.; Campanelli, R.; Ramajoli, I.; Rosso, R.; De Ferrari, G.M.; Ferlini, M.; Goffredo, L.; Bertoletti, A.; Klersy, C.; Pecci, A.; Moratti, R.; Tavazzi, L. Increased circulating hematopoietic and endothelial progenitor cells in the early phase of acute myocardial infarction. Blood, 2005, 105, 199-206. (Pubitemid 40053083)
57. Wojakowski, W.; Tendera, M.; Michalowska, A.; Majka, M.; Kucia, M.; Maslankiewicz, K.; Wyderka, R.; Ochala, A.; Ratajczak, M.Z. Mobilization of CD34/CXCR4+, CD34/CD117+, c-met+ stem cells, and mononuclear cells expressing early cardiac, muscle, and endothelial markers into peripheral blood in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Circulation, 2004, 110, 3213-3220. (Pubitemid 39525068)
58. Wojakowski, W.; Tendera, M.; Kucia, M.; Zuba-Surma, E.; Paczkowska, E.; Ciosek Halasa, M.; Król, M.; Kazmierski, M.; Buszman, P.; Ochala, A.; Ratajczak, J.; Machalinski, B.; Ratajczak, M.Z. Mobilization of bone marrow-derived Oct-4+ SSEA-4+ very small embryonic-like stem cells in patients with acute myocardial infarction. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2009, 53, 1-9.
59. Brehm, M.; Ebner, P.; Picard, F.; Urbien, R.; Turan, G.; Strauer, B.E. Enhanced mobilization of CD34(+) progenitor cells expressing cell adhesion molecules in patients with STEMI. Clin. Res. Cardiol., 2009, 98, 477-486.
60. Leone, A.M.; Rutella, S.; Bonanno, G.; Abbate, A.; Rebuzzi, A.G.; Giovannini, S.; Lombardi, M.; Galiuto, L.; Liuzzo, G.; Andreotti, F.; Lanza, G.A.; Contemi, A.M.; Leone, G.; Crea, F. Mobilization of bone marrowderived stem cells after myocardial infarction and left ventricular function. Eur. Heart J., 2005, 26, 1196-1204. (Pubitemid 40863126)
61. Gaspardone, A.; Menghini, F.; Mazzuca, V.; Skossyreva, O.; Barbato, G.; de Fabritiis, P. Progenitor cell mobilisation in patients with acute and chronic coronary artery disease. Heart, 2006, 92, 253-254. (Pubitemid 43131973)
62. George, J.; Goldstein, E.; Abashidze, S.; Deutsch, V.; Shmilovich, H.; Finkelstein, A.; Herz, I.; Miller, H.; Keren, G. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients with unstable angina: association with systemic inflammation. Eur. Heart J. 2004, 25, 1003-8. (Pubitemid 38869417)
63. Porto, I.; Leone, A.M.; De Maria, G.L.; Craig, C.H.; Tritarelli, A.; Camaioni, C.; Natale, L.; Niccoli, G.; Biasucci, L.M.; Crea, F. Are endothelial progenitor cells mobilized by myocardial ischemia or myocardial necrosis? A cardiac magnetic resonance study. Atherosclerosis, 2011, 216, 355-8.
64. Numaguchi, Y.; Sone, T.; Okumura, K.; Ishii, M.; Morita, Y.; Kubota, R.; Yokouchi, K.; Imai, H.; Harada, M.; Osanai, H.; Kondo, T.; Murohara, T. The impact of the capability of circulating progenitor cell to differentiate on myocardial salvage in patients with primary acute myocardial infarction. Circulation, 2006, 114(1 Suppl), I114-I119. (Pubitemid 44297138)
65. Heeschen, C.; Lehmann, R.; Honold, J.; Assmus, B.; Aicher, A.; Walter, D.H.; Martin, H.; Zeiher, A.M.; Dimmeler, S. Profoundly reduced neovascularization capacity of bone marrow mononuclear cells derived from patients with chronic ischemic heart disease. Circulation, 2004, 109, 1615-22. (Pubitemid 38451717)
66. Valgimigli, M.; Rigolin, G.M.; Fucili, A.; Porta, M.D.; Soukhomovskaia, O.; Malagutti, P.; Bugli, A.M.; Bragotti, L.Z.; Francolini, G.; Mauro, E.; Castoldi, G.; Ferrari, R. CD34+ and endothelial progenitor cells in patients with various degrees of congestive heart failure. Circulation, 2004, 110, 1209-12. (Pubitemid 39202334)
67. Michowitz, Y.; Goldstein, E.; Wexler, D.; Sheps, D.; Keren, G.; George, J. Circulating endothelial progenitorcells and clinical outcome in patients with congestive heart failure. Heart, 2007, 93, 1046-50. (Pubitemid 47310980)
68. Manginas, A.; Tsiavou, A.; Sfyrakis, P.; Giamouzis, G.; Tsourelis, L.; Leontiadis, E.; Degiannis, D.; Cokkinos, D.V.; Alivizatos, P.A. Increased number of circulating progenitor cells after implantation of ventricular assist devices. J. Heart Lung Transplant., 2009, 28, 710-7
69. Tousoulis, D.; Andreou, I.; Tsiatas, M.; Miliou, A.; Tentolouris, C.; Siasos, G.; Papageorgiou, N.; Papadimitriou, C.A.; Dimopoulos, M.A.; Stefanadis, C. Effects of rosuvastatin and allopurinol on circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients with congestive heart failure: the impact of inflammatory process and oxidative stress. Atherosclerosis, 2011, 214, 151-7.
70. Tousoulis, D.; Kaski, J.C.; Antoniades, C.; Stefanadis, C. Beneficial effects of statin treatment after myocardial infarction: Is progenitor cell mobilization the missing link? Int. J. Cardiol., 2008, 130, 301-3.
71. Tousoulis, D.; Andreou, I.; Antoniades, C.; Siasos, G.; Stougiannos, P.; Trikas, A.; Stefanadis, C. Do endothelial progenitor cells modify our strategy to treat risk factors? Int. J. Cardiol., 2011, 152, 95-7.