A randomized controlled trial comparing foster care and institutional care for children with signs of reactive attachment disorder

American Journal of Psychiatry

Volumn 169, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 508-514

  Smyke, Anna T ^a,b,c,d,e   Zeanah, Charles H ^a,b,c,d,e   Gleason, Mary Margaret ^a,b,c,d,e   Drury, Stacy S ^a,b,c,d,e   Fox, Nathan A ^a,b,c,d,e   Nelson, Charles A ^a,b,c,d,e   Guthrie, Donald ^a,b,c,d,e  

^a TULANE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

^c HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^d BOSTON CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CHILD; CHILD CARE; CLINICAL FEATURE; COGNITION; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; EARLY CHILDHOOD INTERVENTION; ETHNICITY; FOSTER CARE; HUMAN; INFANT; INHIBITION (PSYCHOLOGY); INSTITUTIONAL CARE; INSTITUTIONALIZATION; INTERVIEW; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOSOCIAL DISORDER; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SCHOOL CHILD; SCORING SYSTEM; SEX DIFFERENCE; SOCIAL ISOLATION;

EID: 84860534407     PISSN: 0002953X     EISSN: 15357228     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.11050748     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Spitz R: Hospitalism: an inquiry into the genesis of psychiatric conditions in early childhood. Psychoanal Study Child 1945; 1:53-74
2. Bowlby J: Maternal Care and Mental Health. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1951
3. Chisholm K, Carter MC, Ames EW, Morison SJ: Attachment security and indiscriminately friendly behavior in children adopted from Romanian orphanages. Dev Psychopathol 1995; 7:283-294
4. Rutter M, Colvert E, Kreppner J, Beckett C, Castle J, Groothues C, Hawkins A, O'Connor TG, Stevens SE, Sonuga-Barke EJ: Early adolescent outcomes for institutionally-deprived and non-deprived adoptees, I: disinhibited attachment. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2007; 48:17-30 (Pubitemid 46140510)
5. Guedeney A, Guedeney N: The infant protection system in France: how does it work? Infant Ment Health J 2008; 29:5-20
6. Bilson A: Use of residential care in Europe for children aged under three: some lessons from neurobiology. Br J Soc Work 2009; 39:1381-1392
7. Williamson J, Greenberg A: Families, Not Orphanages. New York, Better Care Network, 2010 (www.crin.org/docs/Families %20Not%200rphanages.pdf)
8. Johnson R, Browne K, Hamilton-Giachritsis C: Young children in institutional care at risk of harm. Trauma Violence Abuse 2006; 7:34-60
9. Smyke AT, Dumitrescu A, Zeanah CH: Attachment disturbances in young children, I: the continuum of caretaking casualty. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2002; 41:972-982 (Pubitemid 38338077)
10. Zeanah CH, Smyke AT, Koga SFM, Carlson E: Attachment in institutionalized and community children in Romania. Child Dev 2005; 76:1015-1028 (Pubitemid 41463538)
11. Chisholm K: A three year follow-up of attachment and indiscriminate friendliness in children adopted from Romanian orphanages. Child Dev 1998; 69:1092-1106
12. Tizard B: Adoption: A Second Chance. New York, Free Press, 1977
13. Tizard B, Rees J: The effect of early institutional rearing on the behaviour problems and affectional relationships of four-year-old children. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1975; 16:61-73
14. O'Connor TG, Rutter M: Attachment disorder behavior following early severe deprivation: extension and longitudinal follow-up. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2000; 39:703-712 (Pubitemid 30351220)
15. O'Connor TG, Marvin RS, Rutter M, Olrick JT, Britner PA: Child-parent attachment following early institutional deprivation. Dev Psychopathol 2003; 15:19-38
16. Rutter M, Sonuga-Barke EJ, Beckett C, Castle J, Kreppner J, Kumsta R, Schlotz W, Stevens S, Bell CA: Deprivation-Specific Psychological Patterns: Effects of Institutional Deprivation. New York, Wiley-Blackwell, 2010
17. Zeanah CH, Nelson CA, Fox NA, Smyke AT, Marshall P, Parker SW, Koga S: Designing research to study the effects of institutionalization on brain and behavioral development: the Bucharest Early Intervention Project. Dev Psychopathol 2003; 15:885-907 (Pubitemid 351480021)
18. Marshall PJ, Reeb BC, Fox NA, Nelson CA 3rd, Zeanah CH: Effects of early intervention on EEG power and coherence in previously institutionalized children in Romania. Dev Psychopathol 2008; 20:861-880 (Pubitemid 352003601)
19. Windsor J, Glaze LE, Koga SFM: Language acquisition with limited input: Romanian institution and foster care. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2007; 50:1365-1381 (Pubitemid 350058560)
20. Nelson CA 3rd, Zeanah CH, Fox NA, Marshall PJ, Smyke AT, Guthrie D: Cognitive recovery in socially deprived young children: the Bucharest Early Intervention Project. Science 2007; 318:1937-1940
21. Smyke AT, Zeanah CH, Fox NA, Nelson CA, Guthrie D: Placement in foster care enhances quality of attachment among young institutionalized children. Child Dev 2010; 81:212-223
22. Johnson DE, Guthrie D, Smyke AT, Koga SFM, Fox NA, Zeanah CH, Nelson CA: Growth and associations between auxology, caregiving environment, and cognition in social deprived Romanian children randomized to foster vs ongoing institutional care. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2010; 164:507-516
23. Zeanah CH, Egger HL, Smyke AT, Nelson CA, Fox NA, Marshall PJ, Guthrie D: Institutional rearing and psychiatric disorders in Romanian preschool children. Am J Psychiatry 2009; 166:777-785
24. Smyke AT, Koga SFM, Johnson DE, Fox NA, Marshall PJ, Nelson CA, Zeanah CH: The caregiving context in institution-reared and family-reared infants and toddlers in Romania. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2007; 48:210-218 (Pubitemid 46189944)
25. Smyke AT, Zeanah CH, Fox NA, Nelson CA: A new model of foster care for young children: the Bucharest Early Intervention Project. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2009; 18:721-734
26. Zeanah CH, Smyke AT, Dumitrescu A: Attachment disturbances in young children, II: indiscriminate behavior and institutional care. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2002; 41:983-989 (Pubitemid 38338078)
27. Zeanah CH, Scheeringa M, Boris NW, Heller SS, Smyke AT, Trapani J: Reactive attachment disorder in maltreated toddlers. Child Abuse Negl 2004; 28:877-888 (Pubitemid 39592160)
28. Oosterman M, Schuengel C: Attachment in foster children associated with caregivers' sensitivity and behavioral problems. Infant Ment Health J 2008; 29:609-623
29. Gleason MM, Fox NA, Drury S, Smyke A, Egger HL, Nelson CA III, Gregas MC, Zeanah CH: Validity of evidence-derived criteria for reactive attachment disorder: indiscriminately social/disinhibited and emotionally withdrawn/inhibited type. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2011; 50:216-231
30. Schechter DS, Willheim E: Disturbances of attachment and parental psychopathology in early childhood. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2009; 18:665-686
31. Bayley N: Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II. New York, Harcourt-Brace, 1993
32. Miller WR: The randomized controlled trial as a demonstration project: an ethical perspective. Am J Psychiatry 2008; 166:743-745
33. Millum J, Emanuel EJ: The ethics of international research with abandoned children. Science 2007; 318:1874-1875
34. Zeanah CH, Koga SFM, Simion B, Stanescu A, Tabacaru CL, Fox NA, Nelson CA: Ethical considerations in international research collaboration: the Bucharest Early Intervention Project. Infant Ment Health J 2006; 27:559-576 (Pubitemid 44848836)
35. O'Connor TG, Bredenkamp D, Rutter M: Attachment disturbances and disorders in children exposed to early severe deprivation. Infant Ment Health J 1999; 20:10-29
36. Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Dobrova-Krol N, van Ijzendoorn M: Impact of institutional care on attachment disorganization and insecurity of Ukranian preschoolers: protective effect of the long variant of the serotonin transporter gener (5HTT). Int J Behav Dev 2011; 36:1-8
37. Hinshaw-Fuselier S, Boris NW, Zeanah CH: Reactive attachment disorder in maltreated twins. Infant Ment Health J 1999; 20:42-59
38. Follan M, Minnis H: Forty-four juvenile thieves revisited: from Bowlby to reactive attachment disorder. Child Care Health Dev 2010; 36:639-645