Attachment disturbances and disorders in children exposed to early severe deprivation

Infant Mental Health Journal

Volumn 20, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 10-29

  O'Connor, Thomas G ^a   Bredenkamp, Diana ^b   Rutter, Michael ^b   Anderson Wood, Lucie ^b   Beckett, Celia ^b   Castle, Jenny ^b   Dunn, Judy ^b   Groothues, Christine ^b   Enrich, Kathryn ^b   Harborne, Alexandra ^b   Hay, Dale ^b   Jewitt, Jessica ^b   Keaveney, Lisa ^b   Kreppner, Jana ^b   Messer, Julie ^b   Quinton, David ^b   White, Adele ^b  

^a KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001116620     PISSN: 01639641     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0355(199921)20:1<10::AID-IMHJ2>3.0.CO;2-S     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Ainsworth, M.D.S., Blehar, MC., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
2. American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th ed. Washington, DC: Author.
3. Allen, J.P., Hauser, S.M., & Borman-Spurrell, E. (1996). Attachment theory as a framework for understanding sequelae of severe adolescent psychopathology: An 11-year follow-up study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 254-263.
4. Ames, E.L. (1997). The development of Romanian orphanage children adopted to Canada. Vancouver, Canada: Simon Fraser University.
5. Anders, T.F. (1989). Clinical syndromes, relationship disturbances, and their assessment. In A. Sameroff & R.N. Emde (Eds.), Relationship disturbances in early childhood (pp. 125-144). New York: Basic Books.
6. Behar, L., & Stringfield, S. (1974). A behavior rating scale for the preschool child. Developmental Psychology, 10, 601-610.
7. Bowlby, J. (1977). The making and breaking of affectional bonds. British Journal of Psychiatry, 130, 201-210.
8. Bowlby, J. (1969/82). Attachment and loss: Attachment. New York: Basic Books.
9. Bowlby, J. (1988). Developmental psychiatry comes of age. America Journal of Psychiatry, 145, 1-10.
10. Cassidy, J., & Marvin, R.S., & The MacArthur Working Group on Attachment (1992). A system for classifying individual differences in the attachment behavior of 21/2 to 41/2 year-old children. Unpublished coding manual, University of Virginia.
11. Chisholm, K., Carter, M., Ames, E.W., & Morison, S.J. (1995). Attachment security and indiscriminately friendly behavior in children adopted from Romanian orphanages. Development and Psychopathology, 7, 283-294.
12. Cicchetti, D., Toth, S.L., & Lynch, M. (1995). Bowlby's dream comes full circle: The application of attachment theory to risk and psychopathology. In: T.H. Ollendick & R.J. Prinz (Eds.), Advances in Clinical Child Psychology (Vol. 17, pp. 1-75). New York: Plenum Press.
13. Dontas, C., Maratos, O., Fafoutis, M., & Karangelis, A. (1985). Early social development in institutionally reared Greek infants: Attachment and peer interaction. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 50, 136-146.
14. Dunn, J. (1993). Young children's social relationships: Beyond attachment. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
15. Elander, J., & Rutter, M. (1996). Use and development of the Rutter parents' and teachers' scales. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 6, 63-78.
16. Fonagy, P., Leigh, T., Steele, M., Steele, H., Kennedy, R., Mattoon, G., Target, M., & Gerber, A. (1996). The relation of attachment status, psychiatric classification, and response to psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 22-31.
17. Frankenburg, W.K., van Doornick, W.J., Liddell, T.N., & Dick, N.P. (1986). Revised Denver prescreening developmental questionnaire (R-PDQ). High Wycombe, England: DDM Incorporated/The Test Agency, Ltd.
18. Freud, A., & Dann, S. (1951). An experiment in group upbringing. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 6, 127-168.
19. Goldberg, S. & Marvin, R. (1996, April). Child-parent attachment and indiscriminately friendly behavior toward strangers in Romanian orphans adopted into Canadian families. Presented at the Biennial Meetings of the International Society for Infant Studies, Providence, RI.
20. Greenberg, M., & Marvin, R.S. (1982), Reactions of preschool children to an adult stranger: A behavioral systems approach. Child Development, 53, 481-490.
21. Hodges, J., & Tizard, B. (1989a). IQ and behavioural adjustment of ex-institutional adolescents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 30, 53-75.
22. Hodges, J., & Tizard, B. (1989b). Social and family relationships of ex-institutional adolescents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 30, 77-97.
23. Howe, D. (1995). Adoption and attachment. Adoption and Fostering, 19, 7-15.
24. Kaler, S.R., & Freeman, B.J. (1994). Analysis of environmental deprivation: Cognitive and social development in Romanian orphans. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35, 769-781.
25. Keaveney, L., & O'Connor, T.G. (1997, April). The network of social relations in children exposed to severe early deprivation. Paper presented at the biennial meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, Washington, DC.
26. Lieberman, A.F. (1991). Attachment theory and infant-parent psychotherapy: Some conceptual, clinical and research consideration. In D. Cicchetti & S.L. Toth (Eds.), Rochester symposium on developmental psychopathology: Vol 3. Models and integrations (pp. 261-287). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.
27. Lieberman, A.F., & Pawl, J. (1990). Disorders of attachment and secure base behavior in the second year of life: Conceptual issues and clinical interventions. In M.T. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti, & E.M. Cummings (Eds.), Attachment in the preschool years (pp. 375-398). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
28. Marcovitch, S., Goldberg, S., Gold, A., Washington, J., Wasson, C., Krekewich, K., & Handley-Derry (1997). Determinants of behavioural problems in Romanian children adopted into Toronto. International Journal of Behavioural Development. 20, 17-31.
29. McCarthy, D. (1972). The McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities. New York: The Psychological Corporation/Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc.
30. Provence, S. & Lipton, R.C. (1962). Infants reared in institutions. New York: International Universities Press.
31. Richters, M.M., & Volkmar, F. (1994). Reactive attachment disorder: Case reports. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 33, 328-332.
32. Robertson, J., & Robertson, J. (1971). Young children in brief separation: A fresh look. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 26, 264-315.
33. Rushton, A. & Mayes, D. (in press). Forming fresh attachment in childhood: A research update. Child and Family Social Work.
34. Rutter, M., & The English and Romanian Adoption Adoptees Study Team. (1998). Developmental catch-up, and delay, following adoption after severe global early privation. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 39, 465-476.
35. Rutter, M., Anderson-Wood, L., Beckett, C., Castle, J., Groothues, C., Keaveney, L., & O'Connor, T.G., and The English and Romanian Adoption Adoptees Study Team (in press). Quasi-autistic patterns following severe early global privation. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry.
36. Rutter, M., & O'Connor, T.G. (in press). Implications of attachment theory for child care policies. In J. Cassidy & P. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment. New York: Guilford.
37. Sameroff, A., & Emde, R.N. (1989). Relationship disturbances in early childhood. New York: Basic Books.
38. Sroufe, L.A. (1983). Infant-caregiver attachment and patterns of adaptation in preschool: The roots of maladaptation and competence. In M. Perlmutter (Ed.), Minnesota Symposium in Child Psychology (Vol. 19, pp. 41-81). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
39. Sroufe, L.A. (1985). Attachment classification from the perspective of infant-caregiver relationships and infant temperament. Child Development, 56, 1-14.
40. Tizard, B., & Rees, J. (1975). The effect of early institutional rearing on the behavioural problems and affectional relationships of four-year-old children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 16, 61-73.
41. van den Boon, D.C. (1995). Do first year intervention effects endure? Follow-up during toddlerhood of a sample of Dutch irritable infants. Child Development, 66, 1798-1816.
42. van Ijzendoorn, M.H., Juffer, F., & Duyvesteyn, M.G. (1995). Breaking the intergenerational cycle of insecure attachment: A review of the effects of attachment-based interventions on maternal sensitivity and infant security. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 36, 225-248.
43. Wolkind, S., & Rushton, A. (1994). Residential and foster family care. In M. Rutter, E. Taylor, & L. Hersov (Eds.), Child and adolescent psychiatry: Modern approaches (3rd ed., pp. 252-266).
44. World Health Organization. (1992). The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioral disorders: Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines. Geneva, Switzerland: Author.
45. Zeanah, C.H. (1996). Beyond insecurity: A reconceptualization of attachment disorders of infancy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 42-52.