The glycosyltransferase repertoire of the spikemoss selaginella moellendorffii and a comparative study of its cell wall

PLoS ONE

Volumn 7, Issue 5, 2012, Pages

  Harholt, Jesper ^a   Sørensen, Iben ^a,b   Fangel, Jonatan ^a   Roberts, Alison ^c   Willats, William G T ^a   Scheller, Henrik Vibe ^d,e,f   Petersen, Bent Larsen ^a   Banks, Jo Ann ^g   Ulvskov, Peter ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

^b Department of Obstetrics Gynecology   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND   (United States)

^d JOINT BIOENERGY INSTITUTE   (United States)

^e LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^f UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^g PURDUE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE; EPITOPE; POLYSACCHARIDE;

ARABIDOPSIS; ARTICLE; CELL WALL; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONTROLLED STUDY; GENE SEQUENCE; NONHUMAN; PHYSCOMITRELLA; PHYSCOMITRELLA PATENS; PLANT EVOLUTION; PLANT GENOME; PLANT SEED; PROTEIN GLYCOSYLATION; PROTEIN METABOLISM; RICE; SELAGINELLA; SELAGINELLA MOELLENDORFFII; SELAGINELLACEAE; VASCULAR PLANT; ENZYMOLOGY; HISTOLOGY; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; IMMUNOLOGY; METABOLISM;

ARABIDOPSIS; BRYOPHYTA; COMMELINIDS; EMBRYOPHYTA; PHYSCOMITRELLA PATENS; SELAGINELLA; SELAGINELLA MOELLENDORFFII; SELAGINELLALES; SPERMATOPHYTA; TRACHEOPHYTA;

CELL WALL; EPITOPES; GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASES; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; POLYSACCHARIDES; SELAGINELLACEAE;

EID: 84860491260     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035846     Document Type: Article

References (113)

1. Banks JA, (2009) Selaginella and 400 Million Years of Separation. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 60: 223-238.
2. Wang W, Tanurdzic M, Luo M, Sisneros N, Kim HR et al, (2005) Construction of a bacterial artificial chromosome library from the spikemoss Selaginella moellendorffii: a new resource for plant comparative genomics. BMC Plant Biol. 5: 10.
3. Banks JO, Nishiyama T, Hasebe M, Bowman JL, Gribskov M et al, (2011) The Selaginella Genome Identifies Genetic Changes Associated with the Evolution of Vascular Plants. Science 332: 960-963.
4. Rensing SA, Lang D, Zimmer AD, Terry A, Salamov A, et al. (2008) The Physcomitrella genome reveals evolutionary insights into the conquest of land by plants. Science 319: 64-69.
5. Xu Z, Zhang D, Hu J, Zhou X, Ye X, et al. (2009) Comparative genome analysis of lignin biosynthesis gene families across the plant kingdom. BMC Bioinformatics 8:10 (Suppl 11): S3.
6. Popper ZA, Tuohy MG, (2010) Beyond the Green: Understanding the Evolutionary Puzzle of Plant and Algal Cell Walls. Plant Physiol 153: 373-383.
7. Sorensen I, Domozych D, Willats WGT, (2010) How Have Plant Cell Walls Evolved? Plant Physiol 153: 366-372.
8. Friedman WE, Cook ME, (2000) The origin and early evolution of tracheids in vascular plants: integration of palaeobotanical and neobotanical data. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 355: 857-868.
9. Raven JA, (1993) The evolution of vascular plants in relation to quantitative functioning of dead water-conducting cells and stomata. Biol. Rev. 68: 337-363.
10. Cantarel BL, Coutinho PM, Rancurel C, Bernard T, Lombard V, et al. (2009) The Carbohydrate-Active EnZymes database (CAZy): an expert resource for Glycogenomics. Nucleic Acids Res 37(Database issue) pp. D233-238.
11. Moller I, Sørensen I, Bernal AJ, Blaukopf C, Lee K, Øbro J, et al. (2007) High-throughput mapping of cell wall polymers within and between plants using novel microarrays. Plant J 50: 1118-1128.
12. Pena MJ, Darvill AG, Eberhard S, York WS, O'Neill MA, (2008) Moss and liverwort xyloglucans contain galacturonic acid and are structurally distinct from the xyloglucans synthesized by hornworts and vascular plants. Glycobiology 18: 891-904.
13. Popper ZA, Fry SC, (2003) Primary cell wall composition of bryophytes and charophytes. Ann Bot (Lond) 91: 1-12.
14. Liepman AH, Nairn CJ, Willats WGT, Sorensen I, Roberts AW, et al. (2007) Functional genomic analysis supports conservation of function among CslA gene family members and suggests diverse roles of mannan in plants. Plant Physiol 143: 1881-1893.
15. Sørensen I, Pettolino FA, Wilson SM, Doblin MS, Johansen B, et al. (2008) Mixed-linkage (1-> 3), (1-> 4)-beta-D-glucan is not unique to the poales and is an abundant component of Equisetum arvense cell walls Plant J 54: 510-521.
16. Tounou E, Takio S, Sakai A, Ono K, Takano H, (2002) Ampicillin Inhibits Chloroplast Division in Cultured Cells of the Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. Cytologia 67: 429-434.
17. Machida M, Takechi K, Sato H, Chung SJ, Kuroiwa H, et al. (2006) Genes for the peptidoglycan pathway are essential for chloroplast division in moss. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103: 6753-6758.
18. Izumi Y, Ono K, Takano H, (2003) Inhibition of Plastid Division by Ampicillin in the Pteridophyte Selaginella nipponica Fr. et Sav. Plant and Cell Physiology 44: 183-18.
19. Borges N, Ramos A, Raven NDH, Sharp RJ, Santos H, (2002) Comparative study on the thermostabilising effect of mannosylglycerate and other compatible solutes on model enzymes. Extremophiles 6: 209-216.
20. Singh SK, Eland C, Harholt J, Scheller HV, Marchant A, (2005) Cell adhesion in Arabidopsis thaliana is mediated by ECTOPICALLY PARTING CELLS 1 - a glycosyltransferase (GT64) related to the animal exostosins. Plant J 43: 384-397.
21. Bown L, Kusaba S, Goubet F, Codrai L, Dale AG, et al. (2007) The ectopically parting cells 1-2 (epc1-2) mutant exhibits an exaggerated response to abscisic acid. J Exp Bot 58: 1813-1823.
22. Richmond TA, Somerville CR, (2000) The cellulose synthase superfamily. Plant Physiol 124: 495-498.
23. Delmer DP, (1999) Cellulose biosynthesis: Exciting times for a difficult field of study. Annu Rev Plant Physiol. Plant Mol Biol 50: 245-276.
24. Stone BA, Jacobs AK, Hrmova M, Burton RA, Fincher GB, (2010) Biosynthesis of Plant Cell Wall and Related Polysaccharides by Enzymes of the GT2 and GT48 Families. Plant Polysaccharides (Ulvskov ed.): 09-153, Wiley-Blackwell.
25. Saxena I, Brown R, (2000) Cellulose synthases and related enzymes Current Opin Plant Biol 3: 523-531.
26. Taylor NG, Howells RM, Huttly AK, Vickers K, Turner SR, (2003) Interactions among three distinct CesA proteins essential for cellulose synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100: 1450-1455.
27. Desprez T, Juraniec M, Crowell EF, Jouy H, Pochylova Z, et al. (2007) Organization of cellulose synthase complexes involved in primary cell wall synthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci Unit States Am 104: 15572-15577.
28. Persson S, Paredez A, Carroll A, Palsdottir H, Doblin M, et al. (2007) Genetic evidence for three unique components in primary cell-wall cellulose synthase complexes in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci Unit States Am 104: 15566-15571.
29. Nairn CJ, Haselkorn T, (2005) Three loblolly pine CesA genes expressed in developing xylem are orthologous to secondary cell wall CesA genes of angiosperms. New Phytol 166: 907-915.
30. Kumar M, Thammannagowda S, Bulone V, Chiang V, Han KH, et al. (2009) An update on the nomenclature for the cellulose synthase genes in Populus. Trends Plant Sci 14: 248-254.
31. Roberts AW, Bushoven JT, (2007) The cellulose synthase (CESA) gene superfamily of the moss Physcomitrella patens. Plant Mol. Biol. 63: 207-219.
32. Weng JK, Li X, Stout J, Chapple C, (2008) Independent origins of syringyl lignin in vascular plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 105: 7887-7892.
33. Friedman WE, Cook ME, (2000) The origin and early evolution of tracheids in vascular plants: integration of palaeobotanical and neobotanical data. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 355: 857-868.
34. Nobles DR, Romanovicz DK, Brown RM, (2001) Cellulose in cyanobacteria. Origin of vascular plant cellulose synthase? Plant Physiol 127: 529-542.
35. Roberts EM, Roberts AW, (2009) A cellulose synthase (CESA) gene from the red alga Porphyra yezoensis (Rhodophyta). J. Phycol. 45: 203-212.
36. Roberts AW, Roberts EM, (2007) Evolution of the cellulose synthase (CesA) gene family: insights from green algae and seedless plants. In: Cellulose: Molecular and Structural Biology, R. M. Brown, Jr. and I. M. Saxena, eds. Springer, Berlin, 17-34.
37. Tsekos I, Reiss H-D, (1994) Tip growth and the frequency and distribution of cellulose microfibril-synthesizing complexes in the plasma membrane of apical shoot cells of the red alga Porphyra yezoensis. J Phycol 30: 300-310.
38. Dhugga KS, (2001) Building the wall: genes and enzyme complexes for polysaccharide synthases. Curr Opin Plant Biol 4: 488-493.
39. Cocuron JC, Lerouxel O, Drakakaki G, Alonso AP, Liepman AH, et al. (2007) A gene from the cellulose synthase-like C family encodes a beta-1,4 glucan synthase. Proc Natl Acad Sci Unit States Am 104: 8550-8555.
40. Burton RA, Wilson SM, Hrmova M, Harvey AJ, Shirley NJ, et al. (2006) Cellulose synthase-like CslF genes mediate the synthesis of cell wall (1,3;1,4)-β-D-glucans. Science 311: 1940-1942.
41. Doblin MS, Pettolino FA, Wilson SM, Campbell R, Burton RA, et al. (2009) A barley cellulose synthase-like CSLH gene mediates (1,3;1,4)-beta-D-glucan synthesis in transgenic Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci Unit States Am 106: 5996-6001.
42. Scheller HV, Ulvskov P, (2010) Hemicelluloses. Annu Rev Plant Biol 61: 263-289.
43. Yin YB, Huang JL, Xu Y, (2009) The cellulose synthase superfamily in fully sequenced plants and algae. BMC Plant Biology 9: 99.
44. Yin L, Verhertbruggen Y, Oikawa A, Manisseri C, Knierim B, et al. (2011) The Cooperative Activities of CSLD2, CSLD3, and CSLD5 Are Required for Normal Arabidopsis Development. MPlant doi:10.1093/mp/ssr026.
45. Bernal AJ, Jensen JK, Harholt J, Sørensen S, Moller I, et al. (2007) Disruption of ATCSLD5 results in reduced growth, reduced xylan and homogalacturonan synthase activity and altered xylan occurrence in Arabidopsis. Plant J. 52: 791-802.
46. Manfield IW, Orfila C, McCartney L, Harholt J, Bernal AJ, et al. (2004) Novel cell wall architecture of isoxaben-habituated Arabidopsis suspension-cultured cells: global transcript profiling and cellular analysis Plant J 40: 260-275.
47. Park S, Szumlanski AL, Gu F, Guo F, Nielsen E, (2011) A Role for CSLD3 during cell-wall synthesis in apical plasma membranes of tip-growing root-hair cells. Nat. Cell Bio. 13: 973-980.
48. Cavalier DM, Lerouxel O, Neumetzler L, Yamauchi K, Reinecke A, et al. (2008) Disrupting two Arabidopsis thaliana xylosyltransferase genes results in plants deficient in xyloglucan, a major primary cell wall component. Plant Cell 20: 1519-1537.
49. Zabotina OA, van de Ven WTG, Freshour G, Drakakaki G, Cavalier D, et al. (2008) The Arabidopsis XT5 protein encodes a putative α-1,6-xylosyltransferase that is involved in xyloglucan biosynthesis. Plant J. 56: 101-115.
50. Pettolino F, Hoogenraad NJ, Ferguson C, Bacic A, Johnson E, et al. (2001) A (1-4)-β-mannan-specific monoclonal antibody and its use in the immunocytochemical location of galactomannans. Planta 214: 235-242.
51. Ordaz-Ortiz JJ, Marcus SE, Knox JP, (2009) Cell wall microstructure analysis implicates hemicellulose polysaccharides in cell adhesion in tomato fruit pericarp parenchyma. Mol Plant.2: 910-21.
52. Madson M, Dunand C, Li X, Verma R, Vanzin GF, et al. (2003) The MUR3 gene of Arabidopsis encodes a xyloglucan galactosyltransferase that is evolutionarily related to animal exostosins Plant Cell 15: 1662-70.
53. Li XM, Cordero I, Caplan J, Molhoj M, Reiter WD, (2004) Molecular analysis of 10 coding regions from arabidopsis that are homologous to the MUR3 xyloglucan galactosyltransferase. Plant Physiol 134: 940-950.
54. Sarria R, Wagner TA, O'Neill MA, Faik A, Wilkerson CG, et al. (2001) Characterization of a Family of Arabidopsis Genes Related to Xyloglucan Fucosyltransferase. Plant Physiol 127: 1595-1606.
55. Wu YY, Williams M, Bernard S, Driouich A, Showalter AM, et al. (2010) Functional Identification of Two Nonredundant Arabidopsis alpha(1,2)Fucosyltransferases Specific to Arabinogalactan Proteins. J Biol Chem 285: 13638-13645.
56. Burke D, Kaufman P, McNeil M, Albersheim P, (1974) The Structure of Plant Cell Walls VI. A Survey of the Walls of Suspension-cultured Monocots Plant Physiol 54: 109-115.
57. Labavitch JM, Ray PM, (1978) Structure of Hemicellulosic Polysaccharides of Avena sativa Coleoptile Cell-Walls Phytochem 17: 933-93.
58. Kato Y, Ito S, Iki K, Matsuda K, (1982) Xyloglucan and beta-d-glucan in cell-walls of rice seedlings. Plant Cell Physiol 23: 351-364.
59. Yokoyama R, Nishitani K, (2004) Genomic basis for cell-wall diversity in plants. A comparative approach to gene families in rice and Arabidopsis. Plant Cell Physiol 45: 1111-1121.
60. Hayashi T, (1989) Xyloglucans in the Primary Cell Wall. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 40: 139-168.
61. Mcdougall GJ, Fry SC, (1994) Fucosylated Xyloglucan in Suspension-Cultured Cells of the Gramineous Monocotyledon, Festuca-Arundinacea. J Plant Physiol 143: 591-595.
62. Günl M, Pauly M, (2010) AXY3 encodes a α-xylosidase that impacts the structure and accessibility of the hemicellulose xyloglucan in Arabidopsis plant cell walls. Planta 233: 707-19.
63. York WS, O'Neill MA, (2008) Biochemical control of xylan biosynthesis - which end is up? Curr Opin Plant Biol 11: 258-265.
64. Lao NT, Long D, Kiang S, Coupland G, Shoue DA, et al. (2003) Mutation of a family 8 glycosyltransferase gene alters cell wall carbohydrate composition and causes a humidity-sensitive semi-sterile dwarf phenotype in Arabidopsis. Plant Mol Biol 53: 647-661.
65. Wu AM, Hornblad E, Voxeur A, Gerber L, Rihouey C, et al. (2010) Analysis of the Arabidopsis IRX9/IRX9-L and IRX14/IRX14-L Pairs of Glycosyltransferase Genes Reveals Critical Contributions to Biosynthesis of the Hemicellulose Glucuronoxylan. Plant Physiol 153: 542-554.
66. Brown DM, Zhang ZN, Stephens E, Dupree P, Turner SR, (2009) Characterization of IRX10 and IRX10-like reveals an essential role in glucuronoxylan biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Plant J 57: 732-746.
67. Wu AM, Rihouey C, Seveno M, Hornblad E, Singh SK, et al. (2009) The Arabidopsis IRX10 and IRX10-LIKE glycosyltransferases are critical for glucuronoxylan biosynthesis during secondary cell wall formation. Plant J 57: 718-731.
68. Mutwil M, Obro J, Willats WG, Persson S, (2008) GeneCAT - novel webtools that combine BLAST and co-expression analyses. Nucleic Acids Res. 1; 36(Web Server issue) pp. W320-6.
69. Mortimer JC, Miles GP, Brown DM, Zhang ZN, Segura MP, et al. (2010) Absence of branches from xylan in Arabidopsis gux mutants reveals potential for simplification of lignocellulosic biomass. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107: 17409-17414.
70. Oikawa A, Joshi HJ, Rennie EA, Ebert B, Manisseri C, et al. (2010) An Integrative Approach to the Identification of Arabidopsis and Rice Genes Involved in Xylan and Secondary Wall Development. Plos One 5.
71. Chatterjee M, Berbezy P, Vyas D, Coates S, Barsby T, (2005) Reduced expression of a protein homologous to glycogenin leads to reduction of starch content in Arabidopsis leaves. Plant Science 168: 501-509.
72. Mitchell RA, Dupree P, Shewry PR, (2007) A novel bioinformatics approach identifies candidate genes for the synthesis and feruloylation of arabinoxylan. Plant Physiol 144: 43-53.
73. Strasser R, Mucha J, Mach L, Altmann F, Wilson IBH, et al. (2000) Molecular cloning and functional expression of beta 1,2-xylosyltransferase cDNA from Arabidopsis thaliana. FEBS Lett 472: 105-108.
74. Wende G, Fry SC, (1997) 2-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(5-O-feruloyl)-L-arabinose, a widespread component of grass cell walls. Phytochemistry 44: 1019-1030.
75. Anders N, Wilkinson MD, Lovegrove A, Freeman J, Tryfona T, et al. (2012) Glycosyl transferases in family 61 mediate arabinofuranosyl transfer onto xylan in grasses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 17: 989-93.
76. Mohnen D, (2008) Pectin structure and biosynthesis. Curr Opin Plant Biol 11: 266-277.
77. Scheller H, Jensen JK, Sørensen SO, Harholt J, Geshi N, (2007) Biosynthesis of pectin. Physiol Plantarum 129: 283-295.
78. Caffall KH, Mohnen D, (2009) The structure, function, and biosynthesis of plant cell wall pectic polysaccharides. Carbohydr Res 344: 1879-1900.
79. Harholt J, Suttangkakul A, Scheller HV, (2010) Biosynthesis of Pectin. Plant Physiol 153: 384-395.
80. Liepman AH, Wightman R, Geshi N, Turner SR, Scheller HV, (2010) Arabidopsis - a powerful model system for plant cell wall research. Plant J. 61: 1107-21.
81. Yin YB, Chen HL, Hahn MG, Mohnen D, Xu Y, (2010) Evolution and Function of the Plant Cell Wall Synthesis-Related Glycosyltransferase Family 8. Plant Physiol 153: 1729-1746.
82. Sterling JD, Atmodjo MA, Inwood SE, Kumar Kolli VS, Quigley HF, et al. (2006) Functional identification of an Arabidopsis pectin biosynthetic homogalacturonan galacturonosyltransferase. Proc Natl Acad Sci Unit States Am 103: 5236-5241.
83. Bouton S, Leboeuf E, Mouille G, Leydecker MT, Talbotec J et al, (2002) QUASIMODO1 encodes a putative membrane-bound glycosyltransferase required for normal pectin synthesis and cell adhesion in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 14: 2577-2590.
84. Orfila C, Sorensen SO, Harholt J, Geshi N, Crombie H et al, (2004) QUASIMODO1 is expressed in vascular tissue of Arabidopsis thaliana inflorescence stems, and affects homogalacturonan and xylan biosynthesis. Planta 222: 613-622.
85. Harholt J, Jensen JK, Sorensen SO, Orfila C, Pauly M, et al. (2006) ARABINAN DEFICIENT 1 is a putative arabinosyltransferase involved in biosynthesis of pectic arabinan in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 140: 49-58.
86. Jensen JK, Sørensen SO, Harholt J, Geshi N, Sakuragi Y, et al. (2008) Identification of a xylogalacturonan xylosyltransferase involved in pectin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 20: 1289-302.
87. Egelund J, Petersen BL, Motawia MS, Damager I, Faik A, et al. (2006) Arabidopsis thaliana RGXT1 and RGXT2 encode Golgi-localized (1,3)-alpha-D-xylosyltransferases involved in the synthesis of pectic rhamnogalacturonan-II. Plant Cell 18: 2593-2607.
88. Egelund J, Damager I, Faber K, Ulvskov P, Petersen BL, (2008) Functional characterisation of a putative RhamnoGalacturonan II specific XylosylTransferase. FEBS Lett 582: 3217-3222.
89. Matsunaga T, Ishii T, Matsumoto S, Higuchi M, Darvill A, et al. (2004) Occurrence of the Primary Cell Wall Polysaccharide Rhamnogalacturonan II in Pteridophytes, Lycophytes, and Bryophytes. Implications for the Evolution of Vascular Plants. Plant Physiol 134: 339-351.
90. Xu JF, Tan L, Lamport DTA, Showalter AM, Kieliszewski MJ, (2008) The O-Hyp glycosylation code in tobacco and Arabidopsis and a proposed role of Hyp-glycans in secretion. Phytochem 69: 1631-1640.
91. Egelund J, Obel N, Ulvskov P, Geshi N, Pauly M, et al. (2007) Molecular characterization of two Arabidopsis thaliana glycosyltransferase mutants, rra-1 and-2, which have a reduced content of arabinose in a polymer tightly associated with the cellulose residue. Plant Mol Biol 64: 439-451.
92. Gille S, Hänsel U, Ziemann M, Pauly M, (2009) Identification of plant cell wall mutants by means of a forward chemical genetic approach using hydrolases. Proc Natl Acad Sci Unit States Am doi:10.1073/pnas.0905434106.
93. Velasquez SM, Ricardi MM, Dorosz JG, Fernandez PV, Nadra AD, et al. (2011) O-glycosylated cell wall proteins are essential in root hair growth. Science. 17: 1401-3.
94. Bollig K, Lamshoeft M, Schweirner K, Marner FJ, Budzikiewicz H, et al. (2007) Structural analysis of linear hydroxyproline-bound O-glycans of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii-conservation of the inner core in Chlamydomonas and land plants. Carbohydr Res 342: 2557-2566.
95. Seifert GJ, Roberts K, (2007) The biology of arabinogalactan proteins. Ann Rev Plant Biol 58: 137-161.
96. Qu YM, Egelund J, Gilson PR, Houghton F, Gleeson PA, et al. (2008) Identification of a novel group of putative Arabidopsis thaliana α-(1,3)-galactosyltransferases. Plant Mol Biol 68: 43-59.
97. Strasser R, Singh Bondili J, Vavra U, Schoberer J, et al. (2007) A Unique beta-1,3-Galactosyltransferase Is Indispensable for the Biosynthesis of N-Glycans Containing Lewis a Structures in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell 19: 2278-2292.
98. Narimatsu H, (2006) Human glycogene cloning: focus on beta 3-glycosyltransferase and beta 4-glycosyltransferase families. Curr Opin Struct Biol 16: 567-75.
99. Egelund J, Skjødt M, Geshi N, Ulvskov P, Petersen BL, (2004) A complementary bioinformatics approach to identify potential plant cell wall glycosyltransferase-encoding genes. Plant Physiol 136: 2609-2620.
100. Sadowski PG, Groen AJ, Dupree P, Lilley KS, (2008) Sub-cellular localization of membrane proteins. Proteomics 8: 3991-4011.
101. Hansen SF, Bettler E, Wimmerova M, 4, Imberty A, Lerouxel O, et al. (2009) Combination of Several Bioinformatics Approaches for the Identification of New Putative Glycosyltransferases in Arabidopsis. Journal of Proteome Research 8 (Sp. Iss. SI) pp. 743-753.
102. Zhou YH, Li SB, Qian Q, Zeng DL, Zhang M, et al. (2009) BC10, a DUF266-containing and Golgi-located type II membrane protein, is required for cell-wall biosynthesis in rice (Oryza sativa L.) Plant J 57: 446-462.
103. Yin YB, Huang JL, Xu Y, (2008) The cellulose synthase superfamily in fully sequenced plants and algae. BMC Plant Biology 9: 99.
104. Clausen MH, Willats WGT, Knox JP, (2003) Synthetic methyl hexagalacturonate hapten inhibitors of antihomogalacturonan monoclonal antibodies LM7, JIM5 and JIM7. Carbohydr Res 338: 1797-1800.
105. McCartney L, Marcus SE, Knox JP, (2005) Monoclonal antibodies to plant cell wall xylans and arabinoxylans. Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry 53: 543-546.
106. Jones L, Seymour GB, Knox JP, (1997) Localization of pectic galactan in tomato cell walls using a monoclonal antibody specific to (1->4)-beta-D-galactan. Plant Physiol 113: 1405-1412.
107. Willats WGT, Marcus SE, Knox JP, (1998) Generation of a monoclonal antibody specific to (1->5)-alpha-L-arabinan. Carbohydr Res 308: 149-152.
108. Obro J, Harholt J, Scheller HV, Orfila C, (2004) Rhamnogalacturonan I in Solanum tuberosum tubers contains complex arabinogalactan structures. Phytochemistry 65: 1429-1438.
109. Marchler-Bauer A, Anderson JB, Derbyshire MK, DeWeese-Scott C, Gonzales NR, et al. (2007) CDD: a conserved domain database for interactive domain family analysis. Nucleic Acids Res 35: D237-40.
110. Kelley LA, Sternberg MJE, (2009) Protein structure prediction on the web: a case study using the Phyre server. Nat Protocol 4: 363-371.
111. Hall A, (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp. Ser. 41: 95-98.
112. Felsenstein, J, (1989) PHYLIP - Phylogeny Inference Package (Version 3.2). Cladistics 5: 164-166.
113. Jones DT, Taylor WR, Thornton JM, (1992) The rapid generation of mutation data matrices from protein sequences. Computer Applications in the Biosciences 8: 275-282.