Low temperature thermochronology in the Eastern Alps: Implications for structural and topographic evolution

Tectonophysics

Volumn 541-543, Issue , 2012, Pages 1-18

  Wölfler, Andreas ^a   Stüwe, Kurt ^a   Danišík, Martin ^b,c   Evans, Noreen J ^b,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GRAZ   (Austria)

^b CURTIN UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO   (New Zealand)

^d CSIRO   (Australia)

Author keywords

(U Th) He dating; Eastern Alps; Fault activity; Fission track dating; Isotherms; Tauern Window

Indexed keywords

(U-TH)/HE DATING; APATITE FISSION TRACKS; CENTRAL ALPS; COOLING AGE; EASTERN ALPS; EXHUMATION RATES; FAULT ACTIVITY; FISSION TRACK; FISSION TRACK AGES; FISSION-TRACK DATING; LATE MIOCENE; LATERAL EXTRUSION; LOW TEMPERATURES; MIDDLE MIOCENE; MIOCENE; MULTI SYSTEMS; NEAR-SURFACE; NEO GENES; NORMAL FAULTS; OLIGOCENE; PALEOGENE; SEDIMENT ACCUMULATION; SHEAR ZONE; TEMPORAL RELATIONSHIPS; THERMOCHRONOLOGY; UPPER CRUST;

FISSION REACTIONS; GEOCHRONOLOGY; ISOTHERMS; PHOSPHATE MINERALS; TECTONICS; ZIRCON;

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY;

APATITE; CORRELATION; DEFORMATION; EXHUMATION; FISSION TRACK DATING; LOW TEMPERATURE; NORMAL FAULT; SEDIMENTATION; THERMOCHRONOLOGY; UPLIFT; UPPER CRUST; ZIRCON;

ALPS; EASTERN ALPS;

EID: 84860458158     PISSN: 00401951     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tecto.2012.03.016     Document Type: Article

References (134)

1. Bigot-Cormier F., Sosson M., Poupeau G., Stephan J.-F., Labrin E. The denudation history of the Argentera Alpine External Crystalline Massif (Western Alps, France-Italy): an overview from the analysis of fission tracks in apatites and zircons. Geodinamica Acta 2006, 19(6):455-473.
2. Bogandoff S.A., Michard M., Mansour M., Poupeau G. Apatite fission track analysis in the Argentera massif: evidence of contrasting denudation rates in the external crystalline massifs of the western Alps. Terra Nova 2000, 12:117-125. 10.1046/j.1365-3121.2000.00281.x.
3. Brewer, M., 1970. K-Ar age studies in the Eastern Alps - the Oberostalpindecke of Kärnten. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Oxford.
4. Brewer M., Jenkins H. Excess radiogenic argon in metamorphic micas from the Eastern Alps, Austria. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1969, 6:321-331.
5. Burg J.P., Sokoutis D., Bonini M. Model-inspired interpretation of seismic structures in the Central Alps: wedging and buckling at mature of collision. Geology 2002, 30:643-646.
6. Burtner R.L., Nigrini A., Donelick R.A. Thermochronology of Lower Cretaceous source rocks in the Idaho-Wyoming thrust belt. AAPG Bulletin 1994, 78:1613-1636.
7. Campani M., Mancktelow N., Seward D., Rolland Y., Müller W., Guerra I. Geochronological evidence for continuous exhumation through the ductile-brittle transition along a crustal-scale low-angle normal fault: Simplon Fault Zone, central Alps. Tectonics 2010, 29:TC3002. 10.1029/2009TC002582.
8. Cederbom C.E., Sinclair H.D., Schlunegger F., Rahn M. Climate-induced rebound and exhumation of the European Alps. Geology 2004, 32:709-712.
9. Cederbom C.E., van der Beek P., Schlunegger F., Sinclair H.D., Oncken O. Rapid extensive erosion of the North Alpine foreland basin at 5-4Ma. Basin Research 2011, 23:528-550. 10.1111/j.1365-2117.2011.00501.x.
10. 40Ar and Rb-Sr mica ages in the Aar Massif shear zones (Swiss Alps). Swiss Journal of Geosciences 2008, 101:269-288.
11. Cliff R.A., Meffan - Main S. Evidence from Rb-Sr microsampling geochronology for the timing of Alpine deformation in the Sonnblick Dome, SE Tauern Window. Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. 2003, 220:159-172. D. Vance, W. Müller, I.M. Villa (Eds.).
12. Cliff R.A., Droop G.T.R., Rex D.C. Alpine metamorphism in the south-east Tauern Window, Austria: II heating, cooling and uplift rates. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 1985, 3:403-415.
13. Cliff R.A., Oberli F., Meier M., Droop G.T.R. Achieving geological precision in metamorphic geochronology: a Th-Pb age for the syn-metamorphic formation of the Mallnitzermulde synform, Tauern Window, from individual allanite porphyroblasts. Mineralogical Magazine 1998, 62A:337-338.
14. Collombet M., Thomas J.-C., Chauvin A., Tricart P., Bouillin J.-P., Gratier J.-P. Counterclockwise rotation of the Western Alps since the Oligocene: new insights from paleomagnetic data. Tectonics 2002, 21:14-21.
15. Danišík M., Sachsenhofer R.F., Privalov V.A., Panova E.A., Frisch W., Spiegel C. Low-temperature thermal evolution of the Azov Massif (Ukrainian Shield-Ukraine) - implications for interpreting (U-Th)/He and fission track ages from cratons. Tectonophysics 2008, 456:171-179.
16. Decker K., Peresson H. Tertiary kinematics in the Alpine-Carpathian-Pannonian system: links between thrusting, transform faulting and crustal extension. EAGE Spec. Publ. 1996, 5:69-77. G. Wessely, W. Liebl (Eds.).
17. Dekant C. Investigations on the magmatic and metamorphic history of the Kreuzeck Massif, Carinthia, Austria. Tübinger Geowissenschaftliche Arbeiten Reihe A 2009, 75. 68 pp.
18. Del Moro A., Puxeddu M., Radicatie De Brozolo F., Villa I.M. Rb-Sr and K-Ar ages on minerals at temperatures of 300-400°C from deep wells in de Larderello geothermal field (Italy). Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1982, 81:340-349.
19. Donelick R.A., Ketcham R.A., Carlson W.D. Variability of apatite fission track annealing kinetics II: crystallographic orientation effects. American Mineralogist 1999, 84:1224-1234.
20. Dunkl I. TRAKKEY: a windows program for calculation and graphical presentation of fission track data. Computers & Geosciences 2002, 2:3-12.
21. Dunkl I., Frisch W., Grundmann G. Zircon fission track thermochronology of the southeastern part of the Tauern Window and the adjacent Austroalpine margin, Eastern Alps. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 2003, 96:209-217.
22. Dunkl I., Kuhlemann J., Reinecker J., Frisch W. Cenozoic relief evolution of the Eastern Alps - constraints from apatite fission track age-provenance of neogene intramontane sediments. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 2005, 98:92-105.
23. Ehlers T.S., Farley K. Apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronometry: methods and applications to problems in tectonic and surface processes. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2002, 206:1-13.
24. Evans N.J., Byrne J.P., Keegan J.T., Dotter L.E. Determination of uranium and thorium in zircon, apatite and fluorite: application to laser (U-Th)/He thermochronology. Journal of Analyical Chemistry 2005, 60:1159-1165.
25. Farley K. Helium diffusion from apatite: general behavior as illustrated by Durango fluorapatite. Journal of Geophysical Research 2000, 105:2903-2914.
26. Farley K. (H-Th)/He dating: techniques, calibrations and applications. Mineralogical Society of America. Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry 2002, 47:819-844.
27. Farley K.A., Wolf R.A., Silver L.T. The effect of long alpha-stopping distances on (U-Th)/He 486 ages. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1996, 60(21):4223-4229.
28. Faure G., Mensing T.M. Isotopes. Principles and Applications 1986, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 897 pp.
29. Foeken J.P.T., Persano C., Stuart F.M., Voorde T.M. Role of topography in isotherm perturbation: apatite (U-Th)/He and fission track results from the Malta Tunnel, Tauern Window, Austria. Tectonics 2007, 26:TC3006. 10.1029/2006TC002049.
30. Frisch W. Post-Hercynian formations of the western Tauern window: sedimentological features, depositional environment and age. Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Goelogischen Gesellschaft 1980, 71/72:49-63.
31. Frisch W., Kuhleman J., Dunkl I., Brügl A. Palinspastic reconstruction and topographic evolution of the Eastern Alps during late Tertiary tectonic extrusion. Tectonophysics 1998, 297:1-15.
32. Frisch W., Dunkl I., Kuhlemann J. Post-collisional orogen-parallel large-scale extension in the Eastern Alps. Tectonophysics 2000, 327:239-265.
33. Fügenschuh, B., 1995. Thermal and kinematic history of the Brenner area. ETH Zürich, Swiss, unpubl. Ph.D., 225 pp.
34. Fügenschuh B., Seward D., Mancktelow N. Exhumation in a convergent orogen: the western Tauern Window. Terra Nova 1997, 9:213-217.
35. Galbraith R.F., Laslett G.M. Statistical models for mixed fission track ages. Nucl. Tracks Radiat. Meas. 1993, 21:459-470.
36. Gallagher K., Brown R., Johnson C. Fission track analysis and its applications to geological problems. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 1998, 26:519-572.
37. Genser J., Neubauer F. Low angle normal faults at the eastern margin of the Tauern window (Eastern Alps). Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Goelogischen Gesellschaft 1989, 81:233-243.
38. Genser J., Cloething S.A.P.L., Neubauer F. Late orogenic rebound and oblique Alpine convergence: new constraints from subsidence analysis of the Austrian Molasse basin. Global and Planetary Change 2007, 58:214-233.
39. Gleadow A.J.W. Fission-track dating methods: what are the real alternatives?. Nuclear Tracks 1981, 5:3-14.
40. Gleadow A.J.W., Duddy I.R., Green P.F. Fission track lengths in the apatite annealing zone and the interpretation of mixed ages. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1986, 78:245-254.
41. Gleadow A.J.W., Duddy I.R., Green P.F. Confined fission track lengths in apatite. A diagnostic tool for thermal history analysis. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1986, 94:405-415.
42. Glodny J., Ring U., Kühn A. Coeval high-pressure metamorphism, thrusting, strike-slip and extensional shearing in the Tauern Window, Eastern Alps. Tectonics 2008, 27:TC4004. 10.1029/2007TC002193.
43. Glotzbach C., Reinecker J., Danišík M., Rahn M., Frisch W., Spiegel C. Neogene exhumation history of the Mont Blanc massif, western Alps. Tectonics 2008, 27:TC4011. 10.1029/2008TC002257.
44. Glotzbach C., Spiegel C., Reinecker J., Rahn M.K., Frisch W. What perturbs isotherms? An assessment using fission track thermochronology and thermal modelling along the Gotthard transect, central Alps. Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. 2009, 324:111-124. Lisker (Ed.).
45. Glotzbach C., Reinecker J., Danišík M., Rahn M., Frisch W., Spiegel C. Thermal history of the central Gotthard and Aar massifs, European Alps: evidence for steady state, long-term exhumation. Journal of Geophysical Research 2010, 115:F03017. 10.1029/2009JF001304.
46. Glotzbach C., Bernet M., van der Beek P.A. Detrital thermochronology records changing source areas and steady exhumation in the Western European Alps. Geology 2011, 39:239-242. 10.1130/G31757.1.
47. Glotzbach C., van der Beek P.A., Spiegel C. Episodic exhumation and relief growth in the Mont Blanc massif, Western Alps from numerical modelling of thermochronology data. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2011, 304:417-430.
48. Green P.F., Duddy I.R., Gleadow A.J.W., Tingate P.R., Laslett G.M. Thermal annealing of fission tracks in apatite 1. A qualitative description. Chemical Geology 1986, 59:237-253.
49. Grove M., Harrison T. Ar diffusion in Fe-rich biotite. American Mineralogist 1996, 81:940-951.
50. Hames W., Bowering S. An empirical evaluation of the argon diffusion geometry in muscovite. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1994, 124:161-167.
51. 40Ar in muscovite. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2009, 73(4):1029-1051.
52. Hawkesworth C.J. Rb/Sr geochronology in the Eastern Alps. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1976, 54:225-244.
53. Hejl E. 'Cold spots' during the Cenozoic evolution of the Eastern Alps: thermochronological interpretation of apatite fission-track data. Tectonophysics 1997, 272:159-173.
54. Hejl E. Über die känozoische Abkühlung und Denudation der Zentralalpen östlich der Hohen Tauern - eine Apatit-Spaltspurenanalyse. Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Goelogischen Gesellschaft 1998, 89:179-200.
55. Hergarten S., Wagner T., Stüwe K. Age and prematurity of the Alps derived from topography. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2010, 297:453-460. 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.06.048.
56. Hoke L. The Altkristallin of the Kreuzeck Mountains, SE Tauern Window, Eastern Alps; basement crust in a convergent plate boundary zone. Jahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt 1990, 133. 87 pp.
57. Hourigan J.K., Reiners P.W., Brandon M.T. U-Th zonation-dependent alpha ejection in (U-Th)/He chronometry. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2005, 69:3349-3365.
58. Hurford A.J., Green P.F. The zeta age calibration of fission-track dating. Chemical Geology 1983, 41:285-312.
59. Inger S., Cliff A. Timing of metamorphism in the Tauern Window, Eastern Alps: Rb-Sr ages and fabric formation. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 1994, 12:695-707.
60. Jäger E., Karl F., Schmidegg O. Rubidium-Strontium-Altersbestimmungen a Biotit-Muskowit - Granitgneisen (Typus Augen- und Flasergneise) aus dem nördlichen Großvenedigerbereich (Hohe Tauern). Mineralogy and Petrology 1969, 13(2-3):251-272.
61. Ketcham R.A. Forward and inverse modeling of low-temperature thermochronometry data. Rev. Mineral. Geochem. 2005, 58:275-314. Am. Mineral. Soc., Washington, D.C. P. Reiners, T.A. Ehlers (Eds.).
62. Kirschner D., Cosca M., Masson H., Hunziker J. Staircase 40Ar/39Ar spectra of fine-grained white mica; timing and duration of deformation and emperical constraints on argon diffusion. Geology 1996, 24(8):747-750.
63. Kissling E., Schmid S.M., Lippitsch R., Ansorage J., Fügenschuh B. Lithosphere structure and tectonic evolution of the Alpine arc: new evidence from high-resolution teleseismic tomography. Mem. Geol. Soc. London 2006, 32:129-145. R.A. Stephenson, D.G. Gee (Eds.).
64. Kralik M., Klima K., Riedmüller G. Dating of fault gouges. Nature 1987, 327:315-317. 10.1038/327315a0.
65. Kuhlemann J. Post-collisional sediment budget of circum-Alpine basins (Central Europe). Memorie degli Istituti di Geologia e Mineralogia dell' Università di Padova 2000, 52:1-91.
66. Kuhlemann J. Paleogeographic and paleotopographic evolution of the Swiss and Eastern Alps since the Oligocene. Global and Planetary Change 2007, 58:224-236.
67. Kuhlemann J., Frisch W., Dunkl I., Székely B. Quantifying tectonic versus erosive denudation by the sediment budget: the Miocene corcomplexes of the Alps. Tectonophysics 2001, 330:1-23.
68. Kuhlemann J., Frisch W., Székely B., Dunkl I., Kázmér M. Post-collisonal sediment budget history of the Alps: tectonic versus climatic control. International Journal of Earth Sciences (Geolog Rundsch) 2002, 91:818-837.
69. Kurz W., Neubauer F. Deformation partitioning during updoming of the Sonnblick area in the Tauern Window (Eastern Alps). Journal of Structural Geology 1996, 18:1327-1343.
70. Kurz W., Fritz H., Piller W.E., Neubauer F., Genser J. Overview of the Paleogene of the Eastern Alps. Österr. Akad. Wiss. Schriftenr. Erdwiss. Komm. 2001, 14:11-56. W.E. Piller, M. Rasser (Eds.).
71. Kurz W., Wölfler A., Rabitsch R., Genser J. Polyphase movement on the Lavanttal Fault Zone (Eastern Alps): reconciling the evidence from different geochronological indicators. Swiss Journal of Geosciences 2011, 104(2):323-343. 10.1007/s00015-011-0068-y.
72. Lambert R.St.J. A potassium-argon study of the margin of the Tauernfenster at Döllach, Austria. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 1970, 63:197-205.
73. Linner M., Habler G., Grasemann B. Vom Defereggen-Antholz-Vals- (DAV) zum Pustertal-Gailtal-Störungssystem: Mehrphasige spröde Deformation im Ostalpinen Kristallin. Journal of Alpine Geology 2008, 49:64-65.
74. Linzer H.F., Moser F., Nemes F., Ratschbacher L., Sperner B. Build-up and dismembering of the eastern Northern Calcareous Alps. Tectonophysics 1997, 272:97-124. 10.1016/S0040-1951(96)00254-5.
75. Linzer H.G., Decker K., Peresson H., Dell'Mour R., Frisch W. Balancing lateral orogenic float of the Eastern Alps. Tectonophysics 2002, 354:211-237. 10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00337-2.
76. Lippolt H.J., Leitz M., Wernicke R.S., Hagerdon B. (Uranium+thorium)/helium dating of apatite: experience with samples from different geochemical environments. Chemical Geology 1994, 112:179-191. 10.1016/00009-2541(94)90113-9.
77. 39Ar laserprobe direct dating of discrete deformational events: a continuous record of early Alpine tectonics in the Pelagonian Zone, NE Aegean area, Greece. Tectonophysics 1998, 298:133-153.
78. Liu Y., Genser J., Handler R., Friedl G., Neubauer F. 40Ar/39Ar muscovite ages from the Penninic-Austroalpine plate boundary, Eastern Alps. Tectonics 2001, 20:526-547. 10.1029/2001TC900011.
79. Luth S.W., Willingshofer E. Mapping of the post-collisional cooling history of the Eastern Alps. Swiss Journal of Geosciences 2008, 101(1):207-223. 10.1007/s00015-008-1294-9.
80. Lyon-Cean H., Molnar P. Constraints on the deep structure and dynamic processes beneath the Alps and adjacent regions from an analysis of gravity anomalies. Geophysical Journal International 1989, 89:19-32.
81. Mancktelow N.S., Stöckli D.F., Grollimund B., Müller W., Fügenschuh B., Viola G., Seward D., Villa I.M. The DAV and Periadriatic fault systems in the Eastern Alps south of the Tauern Window. International Journal of Earth Sciences 2001, 90:593-622.
82. Ar reference age for the Durango apatite (U-Th)/He and fission-track dating standard. Chemical Geology 2005, 214:249-263.
83. Mosar J. Present-day and future tectonic underplating in the western Swiss Alps: reconciliation of basement/wrenchfaulting and decollement folding of the Jura and Molasse basin in the Alpine foreland. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1999, 173:143-155.
84. Most P. Late Alpine cooling histories of tectonic blocks along the central part of the TRANSALP-traverse (Inntal-Gardertal): constraints from geochronology. Tübinger Geowissenschaftliche Arbeiten Reihe A 2003, 67. 97 pp.
85. Müller W., Mancktelow N.S., Meier N. Rb-Sr microchrons of synkinematic mica in mylonites: an example from the DAV fault of the Eastern Alps. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2000, 180:385-397.
86. Oxburgh E.R., Lambert R.St.J., Baadsgaard H., Simons J.G. Potassium-argon age studies across the southeastern margin of the Tauern Window, the Eastern Alps 1966.
87. Purdy J., Jäger E. K-Ar ages on rock-forming minerals from the Central Alps. Memorie dell'Istituto della Regia Università di Padova 1976, 30:31.
88. Ratschbacher L., Merle O., Davy P., Cobbold P. Lateral extrusion in the Eastern Alps. Part 1: boundary conditions and experiments scaled for gravity. Tectonics 1991, 10:245-256.
89. Ratschbacher L., Frisch W., Linzer H.G., Merle O. Lateral extrusion in the Eastern Alps. Part 2: structural analysis. Tectonics 1991, 10:257-271.
90. Reddy S.M., Cliff R.A., East P. Thermal history of the Sonnblick Dome, south-east Tauern Window, Austria: implications for heterogeneous uplift within the Penninic basement. Geologische Rundschau 1993, 82:667-675.
91. Reinecker J. Stress and deformation: Miocene to present-day tectonics in the Eastern Alps. Tübinger Geowissenschaftliche Arbeiten Reihe A 2000, 55. 128 pp.
92. Reinecker J., Lenhardt W.A. Present-day stress field and deformation in eastern Austria. Geologische Rundschau 1999, 88:532-550.
93. Reiners P.W. Zircon (U-Th)/He thermochronometry. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 2005, 58:151-179.
94. Reiners P.W., Zhou Z., Ehlers T.A., Xu C., Brandon M.T., Donelick R.A., Nicolescu S. Post-orogenic evolution of the Dabie Shan, Eastern China, from (U-Th)/He and fission track thermochronology. American Journal of Science 2003, 303:489-518.
95. Robl J., Stüwe K. Continental collision within finite indenter strength 1: concept and model formulation. Tectonics 2005, 24. 10.1029/2004TC001727.
96. Robl J., Stüwe K. Continental collision with finite indenter strength: 2. European Eastern Alps. Tectonics 2005, 24. 10.1029/2004TC001741.
97. Robl J., Stüwe K., Hergarten S., Evans L. Extension during continental convergence in the Eastern Alps: the influence of orogen-scale strike slip faults. Geology 2008, 36:963-966. 10.1130/G25294A.1.
98. Rolland Y., Corsini M., Rossi M., Cox S.F., Pennacchioni G., Mancktelow N., Boullier A.M. Comment on the dating of Alpine deformation by Ar-Ar on syn-kinematic mica in mid-crustal shear zones of the Mont Blanc Massif (paper by Leloup et al.). Tectonics 2007, 26:TC2015. 10.1029/2006TC001956.
99. 39Ar dating of syn-kinematic white mica: insights from fluid-rock reaction in low-grade shear zones (Mont Blanc Massif) and constraints on timing of deformation in the NW External Alps. Geol. Soc. Spec. Pub. 2008, 299:293-315. 10.1144/SP299.17. C.A.J. Wibberley, W. Kurz, J. Imber, R.E. Holdsworth, C. Colletini (Eds.).
100. Rolland Y., Cox S.F., Corsini M. Constraining deformation stages in brittle-ductile shear zones from combined field mapping and 40Ar/39Ar dating: the structural evolution of the Grimsel Pass area (Aar massif, Swiss Alps). Journal of Structural Geology 2009, 31:1377-1394. 10.1016/j.jsg.2009.08.003.
101. Rolland Y., Galoyan Gh., Bosch D., Sosson M., Corsini M., Fornari M., Vérati C. Jurassic Back-arc and hot-spot related series in the Armenian ophiolites - implications for the obduction process. Lithos 2009, 10.1016//j.lithos.2009.02.006.
102. Rolland Y., Lardeaux J.-M., Jolivet L. Deciphering orogenic evolution. Journal of Gedynamics 2012, 56-57:1-6.
103. Rosenberg C.L., Schneider S. The western termination of the SEMP Fault (Eastern Alps) and its bearing on exhumation of the Tauern Window. Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. 2008, 298:197-218. 10.1144/SP298.100305. S. Siegesmund, N. Froitzheim, B. Fügenschuh (Eds.).
104. Rosenberg C.L., Brun J.P., Cagnard F., Gapais D. Oblique indentation in the Eastern Alps: insights from laboratory experiments. Tectonics 2007, 26. 10.1029/2006TC001960.
105. 39Ar on white mica, insights from the Argentera-Mercantour Massif (SW Alps). Lithos 2011, 125(1-2):521-536.
106. Schmid S.M., Aebli H.R., Zingg A. The role of the Periadriatic Line in the tectonic evolution of the Alps. Geological Society Special Publication 1989, 45:153-171. 10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.08.
107. Schulz B. Jungalpidische Gefügeentwicklung entlang der Defereggen-Antholz-Vals-Linie (Osttirol, Österreich). Jahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt 1989, 132:775-789.
108. Schumer R., Jerolmack D.J. Real and apparent changes in sediment deposition rates through time. Journal of Geophysical Research 2009, 114. 10.1029/2009JF001266.
109. Schuster R., Stüwe K. Permian metamorphic event in the Alps. Geology 2008, 36:603-606.
110. Schuster R., Scharbert S., Abart R., Frank W. Permo-Triassic extension and related HT/LP metamorphism in the Austroalpine-Southalpine realm. Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft der Geologie und Bergbaustudenten in Oesterreich 2001, 45:111-141.
111. Schuster R., Koller F., Hoeck V., Hoinkes G., Bousquet R. Explanatory notes to the map: metamorphic structure of the Alps-metamorphic evolution of the Eastern Alps. Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft 2004, 149:175-199.
112. Selverstone J. Evidence for east-west crustal extension in the Eastern Alps: implications for the unroofing history of the Tauern window. Tectonics 1988, 7:87-105.
113. Selverstone J. Are the Alps collapsing?. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 2005, 32:113-132.
114. Staufenberg H. Apatite fission-track evidence for postmetamorphic uplift and cooling history of the eastern Tauern Window and the surrounding Austroalpine (Central Eastern Alps, Austria). Jahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt 1987, 130:571-586.
115. Stüwe K., Hintermüller M. Topography and isotherms revisited: the influence of laterally migrating drainage divides. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2000, 184:287-303.
116. Stüwe K., White L., Brown R. The influence of eroding topography to fission track analysis. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1994, 124:63-74.
117. Thöni M. Dating eclogite-facies metamorphism in the Eastern Alps - approaches, results, interpretations: a review. Mineralogy and Petrology 2006, 88:123-148.
118. Vernon A.J., van der Beek P.A., Sinclair H.D., Rahn M.K. Increase in late Neogene denudation of the European Alps confirmed by isoage analysis of a fission-track database. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2008, 270:316-329.
119. Villa I.M. Isotopic closure. Terra Nova 1998, 10:42-47.
120. Viola G., Mancktelow N.S., Seward D. Late Oligocene-Neogene evolution of Europe-Adria collision: new structural and geochronological evidence from the Giudicarie fault system (Italien Eastern Alps). Tectonics 2001, 20:999-1020. 10.1029/2001TC900021.
121. Von Blanckenburg F., Davies J.H. Slab breakoff: a model for syncollisional magmatism and tectonics in the Alps. Tectonics 1995, 14:120-131.
122. 39Ar laserprobe dating of detrital white micas from the Swiss Molasse Basin. Terra Nova 1999, 11:284-289.
123. Wagner G.A., Van den haute P. Fission-Track Dating 1992, Enke Stuttgart, 285 pp.
124. Wagner T., Fabel D., Fiebig M., Häuselmann P., Sahy D., Xu S., Stüwe K. Young uplift in the non-glaciated parts of the Eastern Alps. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2010, 295:159-169. 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.03.034.
125. Wang X., Neubauer F. Orogen-parallel strike-slip faults bordering metamorphic core complexes: the Salzach-Enns fault zone in the Eastern Alps, Austria. Journal of Structural Geology 1998, 20:799-818. 10.1016/S0191-8141(98)00013-3.
126. Waters, D.J., 1976. Structural, metamorphic and geochronological studies in the south east Tauern Window. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Oxford.
127. Willenbring J.K., Blanckenburg F.V. Long term stability of global erosion rates and weathering during late-Cenozoic cooling. Nature 2010, 465:211-214. 10.1038/nature09044.
128. Willett S.D. Late Neogene erosion of the Alps: a climate driver?. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 2010, 10.1146/annurev-earth-040809-152543.
129. Willett S.D., Schlunegger F., Picotti V. Messinian climate change and erosional destruction of the European Alps. Geology 2006, 34:613-616.
130. Winkler-Hermaden A. Geologisches Kräftespiel und Landformung 1957, Springer Verlag, Vienna, 822 pp.
131. Wolf R.A., Farley K.A., Silver L.T. Helium diffusion and low temperature thermochronometry of apatite. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1996, 60:4231-4240.
132. Wölfler A., Dekant C., Danišík M., Kurz W., Dunkl I., Putiš M., Frisch W. Late stage differential exhumation of crustal blocks in the central Eastern Alps: evidence from fission track and (U-Th)/He thermochronology. Terra Nova 2008, 20:378-384.
133. Wölfler A., Kurz W., Danišík M., Rabitsch R. Dating of fault zone activity by apatite fission track and apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronometry: a case study from the Lavanttal fault system (Eastern Alps). Terra Nova 2010, 22:274-282.
134. Wölfler A., Kurz W., Fritz H., Stüwe K. Lateral extrusion in the Eastern Alps revisited: refining the model by thermochronological, sedimentary and seismic data. Tectonics 2011, 30:TC4006. 10.1029/2010TC002782.