Polyphase movement on the Lavanttal Fault Zone (Eastern Alps): Reconciling the evidence from different geochronological indicators

Swiss Journal of Geosciences

Volumn 104, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 323-343

  Kurz, Walter ^a   Wölfler, Andreas ^a   Rabitsch, Robert ^b   Genser, Johann ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GRAZ   (Austria)

^b GRAZ UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Austria)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SALZBURG   (Austria)

Author keywords

40Ar 39Ar dating; Austria; Fault rocks; Koralm Complex; Major fault zone; Thermochronology; Zircon fission track dating

Indexed keywords

ARGON-ARGON DATING; FAULT ZONE; FISSION TRACK DATING; HOST ROCK; MICA; MIOCENE; PALEOTEMPERATURE; PLIOCENE; THERMOCHRONOLOGY; ZIRCON;

ALPS; AUSTRIA; CARINTHIA; EASTERN ALPS; LAVANTTAL;

EID: 80053332649     PISSN: 16618726     EISSN: 16618734     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00015-011-0068-y     Document Type: Article

References (110)

1. Barbarand, J., Hurford, T., & Carter, A. (2003). Variation in apatite fission-track length measurement: Implications for thermal history modelling. Chemical Geology, 198, 77-106.
2. Beck-Mannagetta, P. (1980). Geologische Karte der Republik Österreich 1: 50. 000-188 (Wolfsberg). Vienna: Geologische Bundesanstalt.
3. Bigot-Cormier, F., Sosson, M., Poupeau, G., Stéphan, J. F., & Labrin, E. (2006). The denudation history of the Argentera Alpine External Massif (Western Alps, Franc-Italy): An overview from the analysis of fission tracks in apatites and zircons. Geodinamica Acta, 19, 455-473.
4. 39Ar ages in blueschists from the Ile de Groix (Armorican Massif, France): Implications for closure mechanisms in isotopic systems. Chemical Geology, 220, 21-45.
5. Brandon, M. T., Roden-Tice, M. K., & Garver, J. I. (1998). Late Cenozoic exhumation of the Cascadia accretionary wedge in the Olympic Mountains, northwest Washington State. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 110, 985-1009.
6. Brodie, K., Fettes, D., Harte, B., & Schmid, R. (2002). Structural terms including fault rock terms. IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks. International Union of Geosciences.
7. Brosch, F. J., & Kurz, W. (2008). Fault damage zones dominated by high-angle fractures within layer-parallel brittle shear zones: Examples from the Eastern Alps. Geological Society of London Special Publication, 299, 75-95.
8. Burtner, R. L., Nigrini, A., & Donelick, R. A. (1994). Thermochronology of Lower Cretaceous source rocks in the Idaho-Wyoming thrust belt. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 78, 1613-1636.
9. Caine, J. S., Evans, J. P., & Forster, C. B. (1996). Fault zone architecture and permeability structure. Geology, 24, 1025-1028.
10. Carlson, W. D., Donelick, R. A., & Ketcham, R. A. (1999). Variability of apatite fission-track annealing kinetics: Experimental results. American Mineralogist, 84, 1213-1223.
11. Chester, F. M., Evans, J. P., & Biegel, R. L. (1993). Internal structure and weakening mechanisms of the San Andreas. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 771-786.
12. 39Ar dating of high pressure metamorphic micas from the Gran Paradiso Area (Western Alps): Evidence against the blocking temperature concept. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 74, 109-122.
13. Cliff, R. A., Droop, G. T. R., & Rex, D. C. (1985). Alpine metamorphism in the south-east Tauern Window, Austria: II. Heating, cooling and uplift rates. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 3, 403-415.
14. d'Alessio, M. A., Blythe, A. E., & Bürgmann, R. (2003). No frictional heat along the San Gabriel fault, California: Evidence from fission-track thermochronology. Geology, 31, 541-544.
15. Decker, K., Meschede, M., & Ring, U. (1993). Fault slip analysis along the northern margin of the Eastern Alps (Molasse, Helvetic nappes, North and South Penninic flysch, and Northern Calcareous Alps). Tectonophysics, 223, 291-312.
16. Decker, K., & Peresson, H. (1996). Tertiary kinematics in the Alpine-Carpathian-Pannonian system: Links between thrusting, transform faulting and crustal extension. In G. Wessely & W. Liebl (Eds.), Oil and gas in alpidic thrustbelts and basins of Central and Eastern Europe (pp. 69-77). Bath: EAGE Special Publication.
17. Dunkl, I. (2002). TRACKKEY: A windows program for calculation and graphical presentation of fission track data. Computers and Geosciences, 28, 3-12.
18. Dunkl, I., Kuhlemann, J., Reinecker, J., & Frisch, W. (2005). Cenozoic relief evolution of the Eastern Alps-Contraints from apatite fission track age-provenance of Neogene intramontane sediments. Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences (Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Geologischen Gesellschaft), 98, 92-105.
19. 39Ar ages of white micas from low-grade mylonites. Chemical Geology, 143, 181-203.
20. Ebner, F., & Sachsenhofer, R. F. (1995). Paleogeography, subsidence and thermal history of the Neogene Styrian Basin (Pannonian basin system, Austria). Tectonophysics, 242, 133-150.
21. Farley, K. A. (2002). TRACKKEY: A windows program for calculation and graphical presentation of fission track data. Computers and Geosciences, 28, 3-12.
22. Faulkner, D. R., Jackson, C. A. L., Lunn, R. J., Schlische, R. W., Shipton, Z. K., Wibberley, C. A. J., et al. (2010). A review of recent developments concerning the structure, mechanics and fluid flow properties of fault zones. Journal of Structural Geology, 32, 1557-1575.
23. Faulkner, D. R., Lewis, A. C., & Rutter, E. H. (2003). On the internal structure and mechanics of large strike-slip fault zones: Field observations of the Carboneras fault in southeastern Spain. Tectonophysics, 367, 235-251.
24. Fodor, L., Gerdes, A., Dunkl, I., Koroknai, B., Pécskay, Z., Trajanova, M., et al. (2008). Miocene emplacement and rapid cooling of the Pohorje pluton at the Alpine-Pannonian-Dinaric junction: A geochronological and structural study. Swiss Journal of Geosciences, 101(Supplement 1), S255-S271.
25. Fodor, L., & POSIHU Research Group. (2003). Miocene exhumation of the Pohorje-Kozjak Mts., Slovenia (Alpine-Pannonian transition). Geophysical Research Abstracts, 5, 11814.
26. Freeman, S. R., Inger, S., Butler, W. H., & Cliff, R. A. (1997). Dating deformation using Rb-Sr in white mica: Greenschist facies deformation ages from the Entrelor shear zone, Italian Alps. Tectonics, 16, 57-76.
27. Frisch, W., Dunkl, I., & Kuhlemann, J. (2000). Post-collisional orogen-parallel large-scale extension in the Eastern Alps. Tectonophysics, 327, 239-265.
28. Frisch, W., Kuhlemann, J., Dunkl, I., & Brügel, A. (1998). Palinspastic reconstruction and topographic evolution of the Eastern Alps during late Tertiary tectonic extrusion. Tectonophysics, 297, 1-16.
29. Frost, E., Dolan, J., Sammis, C., Hacker, B., Cole, J., & Ratschbacher, L. (2009). Progressive strain localization in a major strike-slip fault exhumed from midseismic depths: Structural observations from the Salzach-Ennstal-Mariazell-Puchberg fault system, Austria. Journal of Geophysical Research, 114, B04406. doi: 10. 1029/2008JB005763.
30. Fügenschuh, B., Mancktelow, N. S., & Seward, D. (2000). Cretaceous to Neogene cooling and exhumation history of the Oetztal-Stubai basement complex, eastern Alps. A structural and fission track study. Tectonics, 19, 905-918.
31. Fügenschuh, B., Seward, D., & Mancktelow, N. (1997). Exhumation in a convergent orogen: The western Tauern window. Terra Nova, 9, 213-217.
32. Galbraith, R. F. (1990). The radial plot: Graphical assessment of spread in ages. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements, 17, 207-214.
33. Genser, J., & Neubauer, F. (1989). Low angle normal faults at the eastern margin of the Tauern window (Eastern Alps). Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Geologischen Gesellschaft, 81, 233-243.
34. Gleadow, A. J. W., Hurford, A. J., & Quaife, R. D. (1976). Fission track dating of zircon: Improved etching techniques. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 33, 273-276.
35. Glodny, J., Ring, U., & Kühn, A. (2008). Coeval high-pressure metamorphism, thrusting, strike-slip and extensional shearing in the Tauern Window, Eastern Alps. Tectonics, 27, TC4004. doi: 10. 1029/2007TC002193.
36. Green, P. F., Duddy, I. R., Gleadow, A. J. W., Tingate, P. R., & Laslett, G. M. (1986). Thermal annealing of fission tracks in apatite 1. A qualitative description. Chemical Geology, 59, 237-253.
37. Hames, W. E., & Browning, S. A. (1994). An empirical evaluation of the argon diffusion geometry in muscovite. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 124, 161-167.
38. 40Ar* from muscovite during polymetamorphism. Geochimica and Cosmochimica Acta, 61, 3863-3872.
39. 39Ar and microprobe analyses on K-micas. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 71, 261-274.
40. 39Ar age constraints on the timing of magmatism and post-magmatic cooling in the Pnagyurishte region, Bulgaria. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 84, 119-132.
41. Harer, G., & Otto, R. (2000). Koralmtunnel: Methodische Erkenntnisse aus der Projektvorbereitung. Mitteilungen des Instituts für Angewandte Geowissenschaften BOKU, 10, 27-42.
42. Hasabe, N., Tagami, T., & Nishimura, T. (1994). Towards zircon fission-track thermochronology: Reference framework for confined track length measurements. Chemical Geology, 112, 169-178.
43. Hejl, E. (1997). 'Cold spots' during the Cenozoic evolution of the Eastern Alps: Thermochronological interpretation of apatite fission-track data. Tectonophysics, 272, 159-173.
44. Hejl, E. (1998). Über die känozoische Abkühlung und Denudation der Zentralalpen östlich der Hohen Tauern-eine Apatit-Spaltspurenanalyse. Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Geologischen Gesellschaft, 89, 179-200.
45. Hurford, A. J., & Green, P. F. (1983). The zeta age calibration of fission-track dating. Chemical Geology, 41, 285-312.
46. Ketcham, R. A. (2005). Forward and inverse modeling of low-temperature thermochronometry data. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 58, 75-314.
47. Ketcham, R. A., Donelick, R. A., & Carlson, W. D. (1999). Variability of apatite fission-track annealing kinetics: III. Extrapolation to geological time scales. American Mineralogist, 84, 1235-1255.
48. 39Ar spectra of fine-grained white mica: Timing and duration of deformation and empirical constraints on argon diffusion. Geology, 24, 747-751.
49. Kurz, W., & Fritz, H. (2003). Tectonometamorphic evolution of the Austroalpine Nappe Complex in the central Eastern Alps-Consequences for the Eo-Alpine evolution of the Eastern Alps. International Geology Review, 45, 1100-11127.
50. Kurz, W., Fritz, H., Piller, W. E., Neubauer, F., & Genser, J. (2001). Overview of the Paleogene of the Eastern Alps. In W. E. Piller & M. Rasser (Eds.), Paleogene of the Eastern Alps (Vol. 14, pp. 11-56). Vienna: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Schriftenreihe der Erdwisseschaftichen Kommission.
51. 39Ar dating of white mica in eclogites. Swiss Journal of Geosciences, 101(Supplement 1), S191-S206.
52. Laslett, G. M., Green, P. F., Duddy, I. R., & Gleadow, A. J. W. (1987). Thermal annealing of fission tracks in apatite 2: A quantitative analysis. Chemical Geology, 65, 1-13.
53. Lenhardt, W. A., Freudenthaler, C., Lippitsch, R., & Fiegweil, E. (2007). Focal-depth distributions in the Austrian Eastern Alps based on macroseismic data. Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences (Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Geologischen Gesellschaft), 100, 66-79.
54. Linzer, H.-G., Decker, K., Peresson, H., Dell′Mour, R., & Frisch, W. (2002). Balancing lateral orogenic float of the Eastern Alps. Tectonophysics, 354, 211-237.
55. 39Ar laserprobe direct dating of discrete deformational events: A continous record of early Alpine tectonics in the Pelagonian Zone, NW Aegean area, Greece. Tectonophysics, 298, 133-153.
56. Maddock, R. H. (1983). Melt origin of fault-generated pseudotachylites demonstrated by textures. Geology, 11, 105-108.
57. Malusá, M. G., Philippot, P., Zattin, M., & Martin, S. (2006). Late stages of exhumation constrained by structural, fluid inclusion and fission track analyses (Sesia-Lanzo unit, Western European Alps). Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 243, 565-580.
58. Malusá, M. G., Polino, R., Zattin, M., Bigazzi, G., Martin, S., & Piana, F. (2005). Miocene to Present differential exhumation in the Western Alps: Insights from fission track thermochronology. Tectonics, 24, 2004TC001782.
59. Malusá, M. G., Zattin, M., Andó, S., Garzanti, E., & Vezzoli, G. (2009). Focused erosion in the Alps constrained by fission-track ages on detrital apatites. Geological Society of London Special Publication, 324, 141-152.
60. Mancktelow, N. S., Stöckli, D. F., Grollimund, B., Müller, W., Fügenschuh, B., Viola, G., et al. (2001). The DAV and Periadriatic fault systems in the Eastern Alps south of the Tauern Window. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 90, 593-622.
61. 39Ar mineral systems in a low-grade, polymetamorphic terrane (Eastern Alps, Austria). Journal of the Geological Society of London, 156, 261-278.
62. Müller, W., Kelley, S. P., & Villa, I. M. (2002). Dating fault-generated pseudotachylites: Comparison of 40Ar/39Ar stepwise-heating, laser-ablation and Rb-Sr microsampling analyses. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 144, 57-77.
63. Müller, W., Mancktelow, N. S., & Meier, M. (2000). Rb-Sr microchrons of synkinematic mica in mylonites: An example from the DAV fault of the Eastern Alps. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 180, 385-397.
64. Müller, W., Prosser, G., Mancktelow, N. S., Villa, I. M., Kelley, S. P., Viola, G., et al. (2001). Geochronological constraints on the evolution of the Periadriatic Fault System (Alps). International Journal of Earth Sciences, 90, 623-653.
65. Murakami, M., Tagami, T., & Hasabe, N. (2002). Ancient thermal anomaly of an active fault system: Zircon fission-track evidence from Nojima GSJ 750 m borehole samples. Geophysical Research Letters, 29, 2123. doi: 10. 1029/2002GL015679.
66. Murakami, M., Yamada, R., & Tagami, T. (2006). Short-term annealing characteristics of spontaneous fission tracks in zircon. Chemical Geology, 227, 214-222.
67. Nebert, K. (1983). Zyklische Gliederung der Eibiswalder Schichten. Jahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 126, 259-285.
68. Neubauer, F., Dallmeyer, R. D., Dunkl, I., & Schirnik, D. (1995). Late Cretaceous exhumation of the metamorphic Gleinalm dome, Eastern Alps: Kinematics, cooling history and sedimentary response in a sinistral wrench corridor. Tectonophysics, 242, 79-98.
69. Neubauer, F., Fritz, H., Genser, J., Kurz, W., Nemes, F., Wallbrecher, E., et al. (2000). Structural evolution within an extruding block: Model and application to the Alpine-Pannonian system. In F. K. Lehner & J. L. Urai (Eds.), Aspects of tectonic faulting (pp. 141-154). Berlin: Springer.
70. Neubauer, F., & Genser, J. (1990). Architektur und Kinematik der östlichen Zentralalpen-eine Übersicht. Mitteilungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Steiermark, 120, 203-219.
71. Otsuki, K., Monzawa, N., & Nagase, T. (2003). Fluidization and melting of fault gouge during seismic slip: Identification in the Nojima fault zone and implications for focal earthquake mechanisms. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108, 2001JB1711.
72. Peresson, H., & Decker, K. (1997). Far-field effects of Late Miocene subduction in the Eastern Carpathians: E-W compression and inversion of structures in the Alpine-Carpathian-Pannonian region. Tectonics, 16, 38-56.
73. Piller, W. E., et al. (2004). Die Stratigraphische Tabelle von Österreich 2004 (sedimentäre Schichtfolgen). Wien: Österreichische stratigraphische Kommission und Kommission für die paläontologische und stratigraphische Erforschung Österreichs der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.
74. Piller, W., & Harzhauser, M. (2005). The myth of the brackish Sarmatian Sea. Terra Nova, 17, 1-6.
75. Pischinger, G., Kurz, W., Übleis, M., Egger, M., Fritz, H., Brosch, F. J., et al. (2008). Fault slip analysis in the Koralm Massif (Eastern Alps) and consequences for the final uplift of "cold spots" in Miocene times. Swiss Journal of Geosciences, 101(Supplement 1), S235-S254.
76. Puch, T. (1995). Spaltspurendatierungen an Apatit und Zirkon als tracer tektonischer Prozesse im Bereich Koralpe-Saualpe-Krappfeld (Kärnten/Österreich), Ostalpen. Unpublisched Diploma thesis, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Universität Graz, pp. III + 124 pp.
77. Rabitsch, R., Wölfler, A., & Kurz, W. (2007). Fission track dating in fault zones: an example from the Eastern Alps. Geophysical Research Abstracts, 9, EGU2007-A-02732.
78. Rahn, M. K., Brandon, M. T., Batt, G. E., & Garver, J. I. (2004). A zero-damage model for fission-track annealing in zircon. American Mineralogist, 89, 473-484.
79. Ratschbacher, L., Frisch, W., Linzer, H.-G., & Merle, O. (1991). Lateral extrusion in the Eastern Alps. Part 2: Structural analysis. Tectonics, 10, 257-271.
80. Reddy, S. M., Cliff, R. A., & East, R. (1993). Thermal history of the Sonnblick Dome, south-east Tauern Window, Austria: Implications for Heterogenous uplift within the Pennine basement. Geologische Rundschau, 82, 667-675.
81. Reinecker, J. (2000). Stress and deformation: Miocene to present-day tectonics in the Eastern Alps. Tübinger Geowissenschaftliche Arbeiten, Serie A, 55, 128.
82. Reinecker, J., & Lenhardt, W. A. (1999). Present-day stress field and deformation in eastern Austria. Geologische Rundschau, 88, 532-550.
83. Reischenbacher, D., Rifelj, H., Sachsenhofer, R., Jelen, B., Coric, S., Gross, M., et al. (2007). Early Badenian paleoenvironment in the Lavanttal Basin (Mühldorf Formation; Austria): Evidence from geochemistry and paleontology. Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences, 100, 202-229.
84. Reischenbacher, D., & Sachsenhofer, R. F. (2008). Eine interdisziplinäre Betrachtung des Lavanttaler Beckens. Journal of Alpine Geology, 49, 86-87.
85. Sachsenhofer, R. (1996). The Neogene Styrian Basin: An overview. Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft der Geolgie- und Bergbaustudenten Österreichs, 41, 19-32.
86. Sachsenhofer, R. F., Dunkl, I., Hasenhüttl, C., & Jelen, B. (1998). Miocene thermal history of the southwestern margin of the Styrian Basin: Vitrinite reflectance and fission-track data from the Pohorje/Kozjak area (Slovenia). Tectonophysics, 297, 17-29.
87. Sachsenhofer, R. F., Jelen, B., Hasenhüttl, C., Dunkl, I., & Rainer, T. (2001). Thermal history of tertiary basins in Slovenia (Alpine-Dinaride-Pannonian junction). Tectonophysics, 334, 77-99.
88. Sachsenhofer, R. F., Kogler, A., Polesny, H., Strauss, P., & Wagreich, M. (2000). The Neogene Fohnsdorf Basin: Basin formation and basin inversion during lateral extrusion in the Eastern Alps (Austria). Geologische Rundschau, 89, 415-430.
89. Sachsenhofer, R. F., Lankreijer, A., Cloething, S., & Ebner, F. (1997). Subsidence analysis and quantitative basin modelling in the Styrian Basin (Pannonian Basin System, Austria). Tectonophysics, 272, 175-196.
90. Selverstone, J. (1988). Evidence for east-west crustal extension in the Eastern Alps: Implications for the unroofing history of the Tauern window. Tectonics, 7, 87-105.
91. Siebel, W., Hann, H. P., Danisík, M., Shang, C. K., Berthold, C., Rohrmüller, J., et al. (2010). Age constraints on faulting and fault reactivation. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 99, 1187-1197.
92. Spiegel, C., Kuhlemann, J., & Frisch, W. (2007). Tracing sediment pathways by zircon fission track analysis: Oligocene marine connections in Central Europe. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 96, 363-374.
93. Steidl, A., Goricki, A., Schubert, W., & Riedmüller, G. (2001). Geological and geotechnical ground characterisation for the Koralm Tunnel Route selection. Felsbau, 19, 14-21.
94. Tagami, T., & Murakami, M. (2007). Probing fault zone heterogeneity on the Nojima fault: Constraints from fission-track analysis of borehole samples. Tectonophysics, 443, 139-152.
95. Tagami, T., & Shimada, C. (1996). Natural long-term annealing of the zircon fission track system around a granitic pluton. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101, 8245-8255.
96. Thöni, M., & Miller, Ch. (1996). Garnet Sm-Nd data from the Saualpe and Koralpe (Eastern Alps, Austria): Chronological and P-T constraints on the thermal and tectonic history. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 14, 453-466.
97. Vavrovsky, G. M., Schneider, K. M., & Harer, G. (2001). Koralmbahn-A new railway line in Southern Austria. Felsbau, 19, 8-12.
98. Villa, I. M. (1998). Isotopic closure. Terra Nova, 10, 42-47.
99. von Blanckenburg, F., & Villa, I. M. (1988). Argon retentivity and argon excess in amphiboles from the garbenschists of the Western Tauern Window, Eastern Alps. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 100, 1-11.
100. von Blanckenburg, F., Villa, I. M., Baur, H., Morteani, G., & Steiger, R. H. (1989). Time calibration of a PT-path from the Western Tauern Window, Eastern Alps: The problem of closure temperatures. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 101, 1-11.
101. Wagner, G. A., & van den haute, P. (1992). Fission-track dating (285 pp). Stuttgart: Enke.
102. Wagreich, M., & Schmid, H. P. (2002). Backstripping dip-slip fault histories: Apparent slip rates for the Miocene of the Vienna Basin. Terra Nova, 14, 163-168.
103. 39Ar ages and structural investigations. Mineralogy and Petrology, 88, 149-180.
104. Wilkens, E. (1989). Paläogene Sedimente des Krappfeldes und seiner Umgebung. In T. Appold & F. Thiedig (Eds.), Arbeitstagung der Geologischen Bundesanstalt (pp. 85-99). Vienna: Geologische Bundesanstalt.
105. Willingshofer, E., Neubauer, F., & Cloething, S. (1999). The significance of Gosau-type basins for the Late Cretaceous tectonic history of the Alpine-Carpathian belt. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 24, 687-695.
106. Wolf, R. A., Farley, K. A., & Kass, D. M. (1998). Modeling the temperature sensitivity of the apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronometer. Chemical Geology, 148, 105-114.
107. Wölfler, A., Dekant, C., Danišík, M., Kurz, W., Dunkl, I., Putiš, M., et al. (2008). Late stage differential exhumation of crustal blocks in the central Eastern Alps: Evidence from fission track and (U-Th)/He thermochronology. Terra Nova, 20, 378-384.
108. Wölfler, A., Kurz, W., Danisik, M., & Rabitsch, R. (2010). Dating of fault zone activity by apatite fission track and apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronometry: A case study from the Lavanttal fault system (Eastern Alps). Terra Nova, 22, 274-282.
109. Zaun, P. E., & Wagner, G. A. (1985). Fission-track stability in zircon under geological conditions. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements, 10, 303-307.
110. Zwingmann, H., & Mancktelow, N. (2004). Timing of Alpine fault gouges. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 223, 415-425.