Constraining deformation stages in brittle-ductile shear zones from combined field mapping and 40Ar/39Ar dating: The structural evolution of the Grimsel Pass area (Aar Massif, Swiss Alps)

Journal of Structural Geology

Volumn 31, Issue 11, 2009, Pages 1377-1394

  Rolland, Yann ^a   Cox, Stephen F ^b   Corsini, Michel ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ DE NICE SOPHIA ANTIPOLIS   (France)

^b AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

40Ar 39Ar dating; Exhumation; External Crystalline Massifs; Fluid rock interaction; Shear zones

Indexed keywords

40AR/39AR DATING; EXHUMATION; EXTERNAL CRYSTALLINE MASSIFS; FLUID-ROCK INTERACTION; SHEAR ZONES;

ARGON; CLAY MINERALS; CRYSTALLINE ROCKS; DEFORMATION; FLUIDS; KINEMATICS; MICA; SILICATE MINERALS;

FLOW OF FLUIDS;

ARGON-ARGON DATING; BIOTITE; DIP-SLIP FAULT; DUCTILE DEFORMATION; EXHUMATION; FAULT GOUGE; MAPPING METHOD; SHEAR ZONE; STRAIN; STRIKE-SLIP FAULT; STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY; TECTONIC EVOLUTION;

BERN [SWITZERLAND]; CENTRAL EUROPE; EURASIA; EUROPE; GRIMSEL; SWITZERLAND;

EID: 70350743017     PISSN: 01918141     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsg.2009.08.003     Document Type: Article

References (106)

1. Albrecht J. Geologic units of the Aar Massif and pre-Alpine rock associations: a critical review. The pre-Alpine crustal evolution of the Aar, Gotthard and Tavetsch massifs. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 74 (1994) 5-27
2. 39Ar technique. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 121 (1995) 1-11
3. Ayrton N., and Ramsay J. Tectonic and metamorphic events in the Alps. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 54 (1974) 609-639
4. 39Ar "age" variations in biotites about a lithologic contact near Simplon Pass, Switzerland: a mechanistic explanation for excess Ar. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 66 (2002) 1067-1083
5. Bertnoat W., and Bambauer H.U. The microcline/sanidine transformation isograd in metamorphic regions: II, the region of Lepontine metamorphism, Central Swiss Alps. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 62 (1982) 231-244
6. 39Ar laser ablation and TEM study of muscovites from a granulite-eclogite transition zone. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 148 (1997) 223-242
7. Burkhard M. ĹHélvetique de la bordure occidentale du massif de ĺAar (évolution tectonique et métamorphique). Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 81 (1988) 63-114
8. Burkhard M. Aspects of the large-scale Miocene deformation in the most external part of the Swiss Alps (Subalpine molasse to Jura fold belt). Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 83 (1990) 559-583
9. Bussy F., and von Raumer J.F. U-Pb geochronology of Palaeozoic magmatic events in the Mont Blanc crystalline massif, Western Alps. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 74 (1994) 514-515
10. 39Ar et Rb-Sr dans les zones de cisaillement: Exemples du massif de l'Aar (Massifs Cristallins Externes) et de la nappe de Suretta (Alpes Centrales Suisses). Ph. D. University of Neuchatel, Switzerland.
11. 39Ar step-heating and UV laserprobe analysis of the Alpine Roffna shear zone. Chemical Geology 197 (2003) 3-19
12. 40Ar and Rb-Sr mica ages in the Aar Massif shear zones (Swiss Alps). Swiss Journal of Geosciences 101 (2008) 269-288
13. Choukroune P., and Gapais D. Strain pattern in the Aar granite (Central Alps); orthogneiss developed by bulk inhomogeneous flattening. Journal of Structural Geology 5 (1983) 411-418
14. Collombet M., Thomas J.C., Chauvin A., Tricart P., Bouillin J.P., and Gratier J.P. Counterclockwise rotation of the western Alps since the Oligocene: new insights from paleomagnetic data. Tectonics 21 (2002) 1032 10.1029/2001TC901016
15. Cox S.F., Etheridge M.A., and Wall V.J. The role of fluids in syntectonic mass transport, and localization of metamorphic vein-type ore deposits. Ore Geology Reviews 2 (1987) 65-86
16. 39Ar geochronology. Geological Society of America Bulletin 106 (1994) 942-951
17. DeJong K., Féraud G., Ruffet G., Amouric M., and Wijbrans J.R. Excess argon incorporations in phengite of the Mulhacen complex: submicroscopic illitization and fluid ingress during late Miocene extension in the Betic zone, south-eastern Spain. Chemical Geology 178 (2001) 159-195
18. Dempster T.J. Isotope systematics in minerals: biotite rejuvenation and exchange during Alpine metamorphism. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 78 (1986) 355-367
19. Dewey J.F., Helman M.L., Turco E., Hutton D.H.W., and Knott S.D. Kinematics of the western Mediterranean. In: Coward M.P., Dietrich D., and Park R.G. (Eds). Alpine Tectonics. Geological Society of London, Special Publications vol. 45 (1989) 265-283
20. Dodson M.H. Closure temperature in cooling geochronological and petrological systems. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 40 (1973) 259-274
21. 39Ar ages of white micas from low-grade mylonites. Chemical Geology 143 (1997) 181-203
22. Dunlap W.J., and Kronenberg A.K. Argon loss during deformation of micas: constraints from laboratory deformation experiments. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 141 (2001) 174-185
23. Foland, K.A., 1979. Limited mobility of argon in a Metamorphic Terrain. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 43, 793--801.
24. 39Ar incremental heating plateaus for biotites with excess argon. Isotope Geoscience 1 (1983) 3-21
25. 16O variations and fluid circulation in a deep shear zone: the case of the alpine ultramylonites from the Aar massif (Central Alps, Switzerland). Chemical Geology 77 (1989) 119-131
26. Frey M. Low Temperature Metamorphism (1987), Chapman and Hall, New York 351 pp.
27. Frey M. Discontinuous inverse metamorphic zonation, Glarus Alps, Switzerland: evidence from illite ''crystallinity"'data. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 68 (1988) 171-183
28. Frey M., Desmons J., and Neubauer F. The new metamorphic map of the Alps: introduction. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 79 (1999) 1-4
29. Frey M., and Mählmann Ferreiro R. Alpine metamorphism of the Central Alps (Central Alps, Alpine metamorphism, low-grade metamorphism, P-T-t path). Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 79 (1999) 135-154
30. Frey M., Teichmüller M., Teichmüller R., Mullis J., Künzi B., Breitschmid A., Gruner U., and Schwier B. Very low-grade metamorphism in external parts of the Central Alps: illite crystallinity, coal rank and fluid inclusion data. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 73 (1980) 173-203
31. Goodwin L.B., and Renne P.R. Effects of progressive mylonitization on Ar retention in biotites from the Santa Rosa mylonite zone (California), and thermochronologic implications. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 108 (1991) 283-297
32. Gratier J.-P. Strain-displacement compatibility and restoration of the Chaînes Subalpines of the Western Alps. In: Coward M.P., Dietrich D., and Park R.G. (Eds). Alpine Tectonics. Geological Society of London, Special Publications vol. 45 (1989) 65-81
33. Guermani A., and Pennacchioni G. Brittle precursors of plastic deformation in a granite: an example from the Mont Blanc massif (Helvetic, western Alps). Journal of Structural Geology 20 (1998) 135-148
34. Hames W.E., and Bowring S.A. An empirical evaluation of the argon diffusion geometry in muscovite. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 124 (1994) 161-167
35. Harrison T.M., Armstrong R.L., Naeser C.W., and Harakal J.E. Geochronology and thermal history of the Coast Plutonic complex, near Prince Rupert BC. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 16 (1979) 400-410
36. 39Ar age spectra and the thermal history of the region. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 55 (1981) 123-149
37. Hoffmann B.A., Helfer M., Diamond L.W., Villa I.M., Frei R., and Eikenberg J. Topography-driven hydrothermal breccia mineralization of Pliocene age at Grimsel Pass, Aar massif, Central Swiss Alps. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 84 (2004) 271-302
38. Hubbard M., and Mancktelow N.S. Lateral displacement during Neogene convergence in the western and central Alps. Geology 20 (1992) 943-946
39. Huber M., Ramsay J., and Simpson C. Deformation in the Maggia and Antigorio nappes, Lepontine Alps. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 73 (1980) 593-606
40. 39Ar ages and geochemistry of the giant Okavango dyke swarn (Botswana). Earth and Planetary Science Letters 222 (2004) 989-1006
41. Kelley S.P. The relationship between K-Ar mineral ages, mica grain sizes and movement on the Moine Thrust Zone, NW Highlands, Scotland. Journal of the Geological Society, London 145 (1988) 1-10
42. Kelley S.P. Excess argon in K-Ar and Ar-Ar geochronology. Chemical Geology 188 (2002) 1-22
43. 39Ar investigations using an ultra-violet laser probe extraction technique. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 58 (1994) 3519-3525
44. Kerrich R. Fluid infiltration into fault zones: chemical, isotopic, and mechanical effects. Pure and Applied Geophysics 124 (1986) 225-268
45. 39Ar spectra of fine-grained white mica; timing and duration of deformation and empirical constraints on argon diffusion. Geology 24 (1996) 747-750
46. Kirschner D.L., Masson H., and Sharp Z.D. Fluid migration through thrust faults in the Helvetic Nappes (Western Swiss Alps). Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 136 (1999) 169-183
47. 39Ar, Rb/Sr, and stable isotope study of micas in low-grade fold-and-thrust belt: an example from the Swiss Helvetic Alps. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 145 (2003) 460-480
48. 39Ar techniques: results from the Northern Apennines. Journal of Structural Geology 8 (1986) 781-798
49. Kralik M., Clauer N., Holnsteiner R., Huemer H., and Kappel F. Recurrent fault activity in the Grimsel test site (GTS, Switzerland), revealed by Rb-Sr, K-Ar and tritium isotope techniques. Journal of the Geological Society, London 149 (1992) 293-301
50. 40Ar* distributions in naturally deformed muscovite: in-situ UV-laser ablation evidence for microstructurally controlled diffusion. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 192 (2001) 377-388
51. Labhart T.P. Aarmassiv und Gotthardmassiv. Sammlung geologischer Führer (1977), Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin, Stuttgart 173 pp.
52. Leloup P.H., Arnaud N., Sobel E.R., and Lacassin R. Alpine thermal and structural evolution of the highest external crystalline massif: the Mont Blanc. Tectonics 24 (2005) TC4002 10.1029/2004TC001676
53. 39Ar recoil artifacts in chloritized biotite. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 53 (1989) 2697-2711
54. Lovering J.F., and Richards J.R. Potassium-argon age study of possible lower crust and upper-mantle inclusions in deep-seated intrusions. Journal of Geophysical Research 69 (1964) 4895-4901
55. Mancktelow N.S. Neogene lateral extension during convergence in the Central Alps: evidence from interrelated faulting and backfolding around the Simplonpass (Switzerland). Tectonophysics 215 (1992) 295-317
56. Mancktelow N.S., and Pennacchioni G. The control of precursor brittle fracture and fluid-rock interaction on the development of single and paired ductile shear zones. Journal of Structural Geology 27 (2005) 645-661
57. Marquer, D., 1987. Transfert de matière et déformation progressive des granitoïdes; exemples des massifs de l'Aar et du Gotthard. Thèse, Université de Rennes, 288 p.
58. Marquer D. Transferts de matières et déformation des granitoïdes. Aspects méthodologiques. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 69 (1989) 13-33
59. Marquer D., and Burkhard M. Fluid circulation, progressive deformation and mass-transfer processes in the upper crust: the example of basement-cover relationships in the External Crystalline Massifs, Switzerland. Journal of Structural Geology 14 (1992) 1047-1057
60. Marquer D., and Gapais D. Les massifs cristallins externes sur une transversale Guttanen-Val Bedretto (Alpes centrales): structures et histoire cinématique. Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences. Série 2, Mécanique, Physique, Chimie, Sciences de l'univers, Sciences de la Terre 301 (1985) 543-546
61. Marquer D., Gapais D., and Capdevila R. Comportement chimique et orthogneissification d'une granodiorite en faciès schistes verts (Massif de l'Aar, Alpes centrales suisses). Bulletin de Minéralogie 108 (1985) 209-221
62. Marquer D., and Peucat J.J. Rb-Sr systematics of recrystallized shear zones at the greenschist-amphibolite transition: examples from granites in the Swiss Central Alps. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 74 (1994) 343-358
63. McCaig A.M., Wickham S.M., and Taylor H.P. Deep fluid circulation in Alpine shear zones, Pyrenees, France: field and oxygen isotope studies. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 106 (1990) 41-60
64. 39Ar Method. second ed. (1999), Oxford University Press
65. Michalski I., and Soom M. The Alpine thermo-tectonic evolution of the Aar and Gotthard massifs, Central Switzerland: fission track ages on zircon and apatite and K-Ar mica ages. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 70 (1990) 373-387
66. Milnes A.G. Post-nappe folding in the western Lepontine Alps. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 67 (1974) 333-348
67. 39Ar geochronology of a micaceous mylonite: an example of defect-enhanced argon loss. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 142 (2002) 738-752
68. Müller W., Aerden D., and Halliday A.N. Isotopic dating of strain fringe increments: duration and rates of deformation in shear zones. Science 288 (2000) 2195-2198
69. Müller W., Mancktelow N.S., and Meier M. Rb-Sr microchrons of synkinematic mica in mylonites: an example from the DAV fault of the Eastern Alps. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 180 (2000) 385-397
70. O'Hara K. Fluid flow and volume loss during mylonitization: an origin for phyllonite in an overthrust setting, North Carolina, USA. Tectonophysics 156 (1988) 21-36
71. Pennacchioni G. Control of the geometry of precursor brittle structures on the type of ductile shear zone in the Adamello tonalites, Southern Alps (Italy). Journal of Structural Geology 27 (2005) 627-644
72. Pennacchioni G., and Mancktelow N.S. Nucleation and initial growth of a shear zone network within compositionally and structurally heterogeneous granitoids under amphibolite facies conditions. Journal of Structural Geology 29 (2007) 1757-1780
73. Pfiffner, O.A., Frei, W., Valasek, P., Sfauble, M., Levato, L., DuBois, L., Schmid, S.M., Smithson, S.B., 1990. Crustal shortening in the Alpine orogen: results from deep seismic reflection profiling in the eastern Swiss Alps, Line NFP20-EAST. Tectonics 9, 1327--1355.
74. Purdy J.W., and Jäger E. K-Ar ages on rock-forming minerals from the Central Alps. Memorie degli Istituti di Geologia e Mineralogia dell'Università di Padova 30 (1976) 1-28
75. 39Ar laser probe study of micas from the Sesia Zone, Italian Alps: implications for metamorphic and deformation histories. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 14 (1996) 493-508
76. 39Ar analysis. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 48 (1980) 185-208
77. Rolland Y., Cox S.F., Boullier A.M., Pennacchioni G., and Mancktelow N. Rare Earth and trace element mobility and fractionation in mid-crustal shear zones: insights from the Mont-Blanc Massif (Western Alps). Earth and Planetary Science Letters 214 (2003) 203-219
78. Rolland Y., Corsini M., Rossi M., Cox S.F., Pennacchioni G., Mancktelow N., and Boullier A.M. Comment on ''Alpine thermal and structural evolution of the highest external crystalline massif: The Mont Blanc" by P.H. Leloup, N. Arnaud, E.R. Sobel, and R. Lacassin. Tectonics 26 (2007) TC2015 10.1029/2006TC001956
79. 39Ar dating of syn-kinematic white mica: insights for fluid-rock reaction in low-grade shear zones (Mont Blanc Massif) and constraints on timing of deformation in the NW external Alps. In: Wibberley C., Kurtz W., Imber J., Holdsworth R.E., and Collettini C. (Eds). The Internal Structure of Fault Zones: Implications for Mechanical and Fluid-Flow Properties. Geological Society of London, Special Publications (2008) 293-315 10.1144/SP299.17
80. 40Ar transport scale and mechanism in high-pressure phengites; a case study from an eclogitized metabasite of the Dora-Maira nappe, Western Alps. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 60 (1996) 1075-1090
81. Schaltegger U. Unravelling the pre-Mesozoic history of Aar and Gotthard massifs (central Alps) by isotopic dating: a review. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 74 (1994) 41-51
82. Segall P., and Simpson C. Nucleation of ductile shear zones on dilatant fractures. Geology 14 (1986) 56-59
83. Seward D., and Mancktelow N.S. Neogene kinematics of the central and western Alps: evidence from fission-track data. Geology 22 (1994) 803-806
84. 39Ar laser microprobe. Geology 31 (2003) 219-222
85. 39Ar dating of Penninic Front tectonic displacement (W Alps) during the Lower Oligocene (31-34 Ma). Terra Nova 21 (2009) 127-136
86. Soom, M.A., 1990. Abkuhlungs- und Hebungsgeschichte der Externmassive und der Penninischen Decken beidseits der Simplon-Rhone-Linie seit dem Oligozen: Spaltspurdatierungen an Apatit/Zirkon und K-Ar-Datierungen an Biotit/Muskowit (westliche Zentralalpen). Thesis. University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, 119 pp.
87. Steck A. Petrographische und tektonische Untersuchungen am zentralen Aaregranit und seinen altkristallinen Huellgesteinen im westlichen Aarmassiv im Gebiet belalp-Grisighorn. Beiträge zur geologischen Karte der Schweiz 130 (1966) 96
88. Steck A. Die alpinischen strukturen in den zentralen Aargraniten des westlichen Aarmassivs. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 61 (1968) 19-48
89. Steck A. Albit-Oligoklas-Mineralgesellschaften der Peristeritluecke aus alpinmetamorphen Granitgneisen des Gotthardmassivs. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 56 (1976) 269-292
90. Steck A. Structures de déformation tertiaires dans les Alpes centrales (transversale Aar-Simplon-Ossola). Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 77 (1984) 55-100
91. Steck A., Bigioggero B., Dal Piaz G.V., Escher A., Martinotti G., and Masson H. Carte tectonique des Alpes de Suisse occidentale et des régions avoisinantes 1:100,000. Carte géologique spéciale No 123 (1999), Swiss National Hydrological and Geological Survey, CH-3003 Berne, Switzerland
92. Steck A., and Burri G. Chemismus und Paragenesen von Granaten aus Granitgneisen der Grünschiefer- und Amphibolitfazies der Zentralalpen. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 51 (1971) 534-538
93. Steck A., Epard J.L., Escher A., Marchand R., Masson H., and Spring L. Coupe tectonique horizontale des Alpes centrales. Mémoires de Géologie Lausanne 5 (1989) 8 pp.
94. Steck A., and Hunziker J. The Tertiary structural and thermal evolution of the Central Alps: compressional and extensional structures in an orogenic belt. Tectonophysics 238 (1994) 229-254
95. Steiger R.H., and Jäger E. Subcomission on geochronology: convention of the use of decay constants in geo- and cosmochronology. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 36 (1977) 359-362
96. Tikoff B., and Teyssier C. Strain modelling of displacement-field partitioning in transpressional orogens. Journal of Structural Geology 16 (1994) 1575-1588
97. 39Ar ages and cosmic ray exposure ages of Apollo 14 samples. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 12 (1971) 15-19
98. Vernon A.J., van der Beek P.A., Sinclair H.D., and Rahn M.K. Increase in late Neogene denudation of the European Alps confirmed by analysis of a fission-track thermochronology database. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 270 (2008) 316-329
99. Vialon P., Rochette P., and Ménard G. Indentation and rotation in the western Alpine arc. In: Coward M.P., Dietrich D., and Park R.G. (Eds). Alpine Tectonics. Geological Society of London, Special Publications vol. 5 (1989) 329-338
100. Villa I.M. Isotopic closure. Terra Nova 10 (1998) 42-47
101. Villa I.M., Ruggieri G., and Puxeddu M. Petrological and geochronological discrimination of two white-mica generations in a granite cored from the Larderello-Travale geothermal field (Italy). European Journal of Mineralogy 9 (1997) 563-568
102. von Raumer J.F. The External Massifs, relics of Variscan basement in the Alps. Geologische Rundschau 73 (1984) 1-31
103. von Raumer J.F., Abrecht J., Bussy F., Lombardo B., Ménot R.P., and Schaltegger U. The Palaeozoic metamorphic evolution of the Alpine External Massifs. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 79 (1999) 5-22
104. Wagner G.A., Reimer G.M., and Jäger E. Cooling ages derived by apatite fission-track, mica Rb-Sr and K-Ar dating: the uplift and cooling history of the Central Alps. Memorie degli Istituti di Geologia e Mineralogia dell'Università di Padova 30 (1977) 1-28
105. 39Ar method: an example from the Norumbega Fault Zone, Maine. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 120 (1993) 221-237
106. 39Ar dating of white micas from an Alpine high-pressure metamorphic belt on Naxos (Greece) - the resetting of the argon isotopic system. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 93 (1986) 187-194