Building characteristics as determinants of propensity to high indoor summer temperatures in London dwellings

Building and Environment

Volumn 55, Issue , 2012, Pages 117-130

  Mavrogianni, Anna ^a   Wilkinson, Paul ^b   Davies, Michael ^a   Biddulph, Phillip ^a   Oikonomou, Eleni ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Building physics; Insulation; Overheating; Retrofitting; Temperature simulation

Indexed keywords

BUILDING CHARACTERISTICS; BUILDING PHYSICS; CHANGING CLIMATE; COMBINED EFFECT; EMISSIONS SCENARIOS; ENERGYPLUS; EXTERNAL FACTORS; EXTERNAL TEMPERATURE; FUTURE CLIMATE; INDOOR TEMPERATURE; INSULATION LEVEL; LIVING ROOM; MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE; MEAN TEMPERATURE; OVERHEATING; SPATIO-TEMPORAL VARIATION; SUMMER TEMPERATURE; SURROUNDING BUILDINGS; TEMPERATURE SIMULATIONS; THERMAL SIMULATIONS; URBAN HEAT ISLAND; URBAN MORPHOLOGY;

APARTMENT HOUSES; CLIMATE CHANGE; INSULATION; RETROFITTING;

BUILDINGS;

BUILDING; CLIMATE CHANGE; COMPUTER SIMULATION; HEAT ISLAND; INDOOR AIR; INSULATION; SPATIAL VARIATION; TEMPERATURE; TEMPORAL VARIATION;

ENGLAND; UNITED KINGDOM;

EID: 84860442186     PISSN: 03601323     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.12.003     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. IPCC The AR4 synthesis report. IPCC Fourth assessment report: climate change. Intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC) 2007, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, Available online at:, [access date: 26.07.2011]. http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/syr/en/contents.html, M.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden, C.E. Hanson (Eds.).
2. The World Bank World development report 2009: Reshaping economic geography. The International bank for reconstruction and development 2007, The World Bank, Washington, Available online at:, [access date: 26.07.2011]. http://go.worldbank.org/K2CBHVB7H0.
3. IPCC Working group II report, impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. IPCC Fourth assessment report: climate change. Intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC) 2007, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, Available online at:, [access date: 26.07.2011]. http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/contents.html, M.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden, C.E. Hanson (Eds.).
4. Meehl G.A., Tebaldi C. More intense, more frequent, and longer lasting heat waves in the 21st century. Science 2004, 305(5686):994-997.
5. Stott P.A., Stone D.A., Allen M.R. Human contribution to the European heatwave of 2003. Nature 2004, 432(7017):610-614.
6. Hajat S., Kovats R.S., Lachowycz K. Heat-related and cold-related deaths in England and Wales: Who is at risk?. Occup Environ Med 2007, 64(2):93-100.
7. UKCIP UKCP09: UK climate projections 2011, UKCIP, Available online at:, [access date: 26.07.2011]. http://www.ukcip.org.uk/ukcp09.
8. UN World urbanization prospects, the 2009 revision. Population division of the department of economic and social affairs of the United Nations 2009, UN, Available online at:, [access date: 26.07.2011]. http://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/index.htm.
9. Grimmond C.S.B. Urbanization and global environmental change: local effects of urban warming. Geographical J 2007, 173(1):83-88.
10. McCarthy M.P., Best M.J., Betts R.A. Climate change in cities due to global warming and urban effects. Geophys Res Lett 2010, 37(9):L09705.
11. Howard L. The climate of London deduced from meteorological observations 1833, Harvey and Darton, London.
12. Landsberg H.E. The urban climate 1981, Academic Press, New York.
13. Oke T.R. The energetic basis of the urban heat island. Q J Roy Meteor Soc 1982, 108(455):1-24.
14. Oke T.R. Boundary layer climates 1987, Routledge, London.
15. Davies M., Steadman P., Oreszczyn T. Strategies for the modification of the urban climate and the consequent impact on building energy use. Energ Policy 2008, 36(12):4548-4551.
16. Smith C., Levermore G. Designing urban spaces and buildings to improve sustainability and quality of life in a warmer world. Energ Policy 2008, 36(12):4558-4562.
17. Kolokotroni M., Zhang Y., Watkins R. The London heat Island and building cooling design. Sol Energy 2007, 81(1):102-110.
18. Mavrogianni A., Davies M., Chalabi Z., Wilkinson P., Kolokotroni M., Milner J. Space heating demand and heatwave vulnerability: London domestic stock. Build Res Inf 2009, 37(5):583-597.
19. Demanuele C, Mavrogianni A, Davies M, Kolokotroni M, Rajapaksha I. Using localised weather files to assess overheating in naturally ventilated offices within London's urban heat island. Building Serv Eng Res Technol, in press.
20. Wright A.J., Young A.N., Natarajan S. Dwelling temperatures and comfort during the August 2003 heat wave. Building Serv Eng Res Technol 2005, 26(4):285-300.
21. Mavrogianni A., Davies M., Wilkinson P., Pathan A. London housing and climate change: impact on comfort and health. Open House Int 2010, 35(2):49-59.
22. CIBSE Technical Memorandum 41, climate change and the indoor environment: impacts and adaptation 2005, CIBSE, London.
23. OS Ordnance survey MasterMap 2011, OS, London, Available online at:, [access date: 26.07.2011]. http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/oswebsite/products/osmastermap.
24. OS Ordnance survey MasterMap Topography layer 2011, OS, London, Available online at:, [access date: 26.07.2011]. http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/oswebsite/products/osmastermap/layers/topography.
25. OS Ordnance survey MasterMap address layer 2 2011, OS, London, Available online at:, [access date: 26.07.2011]. http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/oswebsite/products/osmastermap/layers/addresslayer2.
26. The GeoInformation Group Cities Revealed 2011, The GeoInformation Group, London, Available online at:, [access date: 26.07.2011]. http://www.citiesrevealed.com.
27. ONS Neighbourhood statistics 2011, ONS, London, Available online at:, [access date: 26.07.2011]. http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk.
28. BRE The Government's reduced standard assessment Procedure for energy rating of dwellings, RdSAP 2005 edition 2011, Watford, BRE, Available online at:, [Access date: 26.07.2011]. http://projects.bre.co.uk/sap2005/rdsap.html.
29. Oikonomou E., Davies M., Mavrogianni A., Biddulph P., Wilkinson P., Kolokotroni M. The relative importance of the urban heat island and the thermal quality of dwellings for overheating in London 2011, In preparation.
30. Bruckmann H., Lewis D. New housing in Great Britain 1960, Alec Tiranti Ltd, London.
31. Paul S. Apartments, their design and development 1967, Reinhold Publishing Corporation, New York.
32. Chown I. Houses and flats. Metric Handbook: planning and design data 1970, Elsevier, Oxford. D. Littlefield (Ed.).
33. Jensen F. The english semi-detached house 2007, Ovolo Publishing, Cambridgeshire.
34. Muthesius S. The english terraced house 2007, Yale University Press, New Haven, London.
35. Woodman E., Greeves E. Home/away: five British architects build housing in Europe: the development of housing in Britain 1870-2008 2008, British Council, London.
36. Chapman P.F. A geometrical model of dwellings for use in simple energy calculations. Energ Buildings 1994, 21(2):83-91.
37. DCLG English housing survey (EHS) 2011, DCLG, Available online at:, [access date: 26.07.2011]. http://www.communities.gov.uk/housing/housingresearch/housingsurveys/englishhousecondition.
38. Stephen R. BRE information paper 1/00, Airtightness in UK dwellings 2000, BRE Press, Watford, Available online at:, [access date: 26.07.2011]. http://www.bre.co.uk/sap2005.
39. US DoE EERE EnergyPlus energy simulation software v. 3-1-0 2011, US DoE EERE, Available online at:, [access date: 26.07.2011]. http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/energyplus.
40. US DoE EERE EnergyPlus energy simulation software v. 3-1-0 2011, US DoE EERE, Available online at:, [access date: 24.11.2011]. http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/energyplus/energyplus_testing.cfm.
41. Biddulph P. EnergyPlus Generator 2010, vol. 1002. The Bartlett School of Graduate Studies, UCL, London.
42. Rijal H.B., Tuohy P., Humphreys M.A., Nicol J.F., Samuel A., Clarke J. Using results from field surveys to predict the effect of open windows on thermal comfort and energy use in buildings. Energy and Buildings 2007, 39(7):823-836.
43. Yun G.Y., Tuohy P., Steemers K. Thermal performance of a naturally ventilated building using a combined algorithm of probabilistic occupant behaviour and deterministic heat and mass balance models. Energy and Buildings 2009, 41(5):489-499.
44. Lader D., Short S., Gershuny J. The time use survey, 2005: How we spend our time: time results for 2005 where appropriate compared with the UK 2000 time use survey 2006, ONS, London, Available online at:, [access date: 26.07.2011]. http://www.statistics.gov.uk/articles/nojournal/time_use_2005.pdf.
45. Yao R., Steemers K. A method of formulating energy load profile for domestic buildings in the UK. Energ Buildings 2005, 37(6):663-671.
46. CIBSE CIBSE Guide F: energy efficiency in buildings 2004, CIBSE, London, Available online at:, [access date: 26.07.2011]. http://www.cibse.org/index.cfm%3Fgo%3Dpublications.view%26item%3D6.
47. CIBSE CIBSE Guide A: environmental design 2006, CIBSE, London, Available online at:, [access date: 26.07.2011]. http://www.cibse.org/index.cfm%3Fgo%3Dpublications.view%26item%3D1.
48. Firth S., Lomas K., Wright A., Wall R. Identifying trends in the use of domestic appliances from household electricity consumption measurements. Energ Buildings 2008, 40(5):926-936.
49. Alaskan A.B.S. Average power consumption of household appliances 2008, ABS Alaskan, Available online at:, [access date: 26.07.11]. http://www.absak.com/library/power-consumption-table.
50. US DoE Energy savers: Estimating appliance and home electronic energy use 2009, US DoE, Available online at:, [access date: 26.07.2011]. http://www.energysavers.gov/your_home/appliances/index.cfm/mytopic%3D10040.
51. Hendron R. Building America research benchmark definition 2007, US DoE, Available online at:, [access date: 26.07.2011]. http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/publications/pdfs/building_america/40968.pdf.
52. Anderson B.R., Chapman P.F., Cutland N.G., Dickson C.M., Doran S.M., Iles P.J., et al. BREDEM-8, model description 1997, BRE Press, Watford.
53. Jones W.P. Air conditioning engineering 2001, Butterworth-Heinemann, Maryland Heights.
54. CIBSE Current CIBSE TRY/DSY hourly weather data set - 14 sites 2011, CIBSE, Available online at:, [access date: 26.07.2011]. http://www.cibse.org/index.cfm%3Fgo%3Dpublications.view%26item%3D332.
55. Exeter University The use of probabilistic climate change data to future-proof design Decisions in the building Sector (PROMETHEUS) 2011, Exeter University, Available online at:, [access date: 26.07.2011]. http://centres.exeter.ac.uk/cee/prometheus.
56. Kershaw T., Eames M., Coley D. Comparison of multi-year and reference year building simulations. Building Serv Eng Res Technol 2010, 31(4):357-369.
57. Stata Data analysis and statistical software 2011, Stata, Available online at:, [access date: 26.07.2011]. http://www.stata.com/stata11.
58. DECC The Green Deal 2011, DECC, Available online at:, [access date: 26.07.2011]. http://www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/what_we_do/consumers/green_deal/green_deal.aspx.