Trace gas and particle emissions from domestic and industrial biofuel use and garbage burning in central Mexico

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

Volumn 10, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 565-584

  Christian, T J ^a   Yokelson, R J ^a   Cardenas B ^b   Molina, L T ^c,d   Engling, G ^e   Hsu, S C ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA   (United States)

^b Instituto Nacional de Ecologia   (Mexico)

^c MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^d MOLINA CENTER FOR ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT   (United States)

^e RESEARCH CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AEROSOL; BIOFUEL; BIOMASS BURNING; EMISSION; ORGANIC CARBON; PARTICULATE MATTER; SPECIATION (CHEMISTRY); TRACE GAS; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND;

FEDERAL DISTRICT [MEXICO]; MEXICO CITY; MEXICO [NORTH AMERICA];

EID: 84860389192     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-10-565-2010     Document Type: Article

References (83)

1. Adhikary, B., Carmichael, G. R., Tang, Y., Leung, L. R., Qian, Y., Schauer, J. J., Stone, E. A., Ramanathan, V., and Ramana, M. V.: Characterization of the seasonal cycle of south Asian aerosols: A regional-scale modeling analysis, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D22S22, doi:10.1029/2006JD008143, 2007.
2. Aiken, A. C., DeCarlo, P. F., Kroll, J. H., et al.: O/C and OM/OC Ratios of Primary, Secondary, and Ambient Organic Aerosols with High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometry, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42(12), 4478-4485, doi:10.1021/es703009q, 2008. (Pubitemid 351842394)
3. Andreae, M. O. and Merlet, P.: Emission of trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 15(4), 955-966, doi:10.1029/ 2000GB001382, 2001. (Pubitemid 34077846)
4. Bates, M.: Managing landfill site fires in Northamptonshire, SITA - Sustainable Wastes Management Centre, Waste Management Library, University College Northampton, Northamptonshire, UK, 39 pp., available at: http://wmlibrary.northampton.ac.uk/ catalogue.html(last access: 16 January 2010), 2004.
5. Becker, S., Halsall, C. J., Tych, W., Kallenborn, R., Schlabach, M., and Manø, S.: Changing sources and environmental factors reduce the rates of decline of organochlorine pesticides in the Arctic Atmosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 9, 515-540, 2009, http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/9/515/ 2009/.
6. Bertschi, I. T., Yokelson, R. J., Ward, D. E., Christian, T. J., and Hao, W. M.: Trace gas emissions from the production and use of domestic biofuels in Zambia measured by open-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D13), 8469, doi:1029/2002/D002158, 2003.
7. Birch, M. E. and Cary, R. A.: Elemental carbon-based method for monitoring occupational exposures to particulate diesel exhaust, Aerosol Sci. Tech. 25(3), 221-241, 1996. (Pubitemid 26327546)
8. Blackman, A. and Bannister, G. J.: Pollution Control in the Informal Sector: The Ciudad Juárez Brickmakers' Project, Resources for the Future, Washington, DC, 26 pp., 1998.
9. Blackman, A., Shih, J.-S., Evans, D., Batz, M., Newbold, S., and Cook, J.: The benefits and costs of informal sector pollution control: Mexican brick kilns, Environment and Development Economics, 11, 603-627, doi:10.1017/ S1355770X06003159, 2006. (Pubitemid 44524066)
10. Bernache-Pérez, G., Sánchez-Colon, S., Garmendia, A. M., Dávila- Villarreal, A., and Sánchez-Salazar, M. E.: Solid waste characterization study in the Guadalajara metropolitan zone, Mexico, Waste Manage. Res., 19, 169-176, 2001.
11. Bond, T. C., Streets, D. G., Yarber, K. F., Nelson, S. M., Woo, J.- H., and Klimont, Z.: A technology-based global inventory of black and organic carbon emissions from combustion, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D14203, doi:10.1029/ 2003JD003697, 2004. (Pubitemid 39366556)
12. Brauer, M., Bartlett, K., Regalado-Pineda, J., and Perez-Padilla, R.: Assessment of particulate concentrations from domestic biomass combustion in rural Mexico, Environ. Sci. Technol., 30, 104-109, 1996.
13. Brocard, D., Lacaux, C., Lacaux, J. P., Kouadio, G., and Yoboué, V.: Emissions from the combustion of biofuels in western Africa, in: Biomass Burning and Global Change, edited by: Levine, J. S., MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1, 350-360, 1996.
14. Buenrostro, O. and Bocco, G.: Solid waste management in municipalities in Mexico: goals and perspectives, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 39, 251-263, 2003. (Pubitemid 37162579)
15. Burton, M., Allard, P., Muré, F., and Spina, A. L.: Magmatic gas composition reveals the source depth of slug-driven Strombolian explosive activity, Science, 317, 227-230, 2007. (Pubitemid 47076194)
16. Cançado, J. E. D., Saldiva, P. H. N., Pereira, L. A. A., Lara, L. B. L. S., Artaxo, P., Martinelli, L. A., Arbex, M. A., Zanobetti, A., and Braga, A. L. F.: The Impact of Sugar Cane-Burning Emissions on the Respiratory System of Children and the Elderly, Environ. Health Perspect., 114(5), 725-729, 2006.
17. Christian, T. J., Kleiss, B., Yokelson, R. J., Holzinger, R., Crutzen, P. J., Hao, W. M., Saharjo, B. H., and Ward, D. E.: Comprehensive laboratory measurements of biomass-burning emissions: 1. Emissions from Indonesian, African, and other fuels, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D23), 4719, doi:10.1029/ 2003JD003704, 2003.
18. Christian, T. J., Yokelson, R. J., Carvalho Jr., J. A., Griffith, D. W. T., Alvarado, E. C., Santos, J. C., Neto, T. G. S., Veras, C. A. G., and Hao, W. M.: The tropical forest and fire emissions experiment: Trace gases emitted by smoldering logs and dung from deforestation and pasture fires in Brazil, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D18308, doi:10.1029/2006JD008147, 2007. (Pubitemid 350142595)
19. Costner, P.: Estimating Releases and Prioritizing Sources in the Context of the Stockholm Convention: Dioxin Emission Factors for Forest Fires, Grassland and Moor Fires, Open Burning of Agricultural Residues, Open Burning of Domestic Waste, Landfill and Dump Fires, The International POPs Elimination Project, Mexico, 40 pp., 2005.
20. Costner, P.: Update of Dioxin Emission Factors for Forest Fires, Grassland and Moor Fires, Open Burning of Agricultural Residues, Open Burning of DomesticWaste, Landfills and Dump Fires, International POPs Elimination Network, Mexico, 13 pp., 2006.
21. de Gouw, J. A., Warneke, C., Scheeren, H. A., et al.: Overview of the trace gas measurements on board the Citation aircraft during the intensive field phase of INDOEX, J. Geophys. Res., 106(D22), 28453-28467, 2001.
22. De la Rosa, D. A., Flores, S., Encarnación, G., and Solórzano, G.: Solid waste characterization study at final disposal sites of three municipalities in the State of Mexico, Mexico. Waste Manage., in press, 2010.
23. Dherani, M., Pope, D., Mascarenhas, M., Smith, K. R., Weber, M., and Bruce, N.: Indoor air pollution from unprocessed solid fuel use and pneumonia risk in children aged under five years: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Bull. World Health Org., 86(5), 390-398, 2008.
24. Emmons, L. K., Deeter, M. N., Gille, J. C., et al.: Validation of measurements of pollution in the troposphere (MOPITT) CO retrievals with aircraft in situ profiles, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D03309, doi:10.1029/ 2003JD004101, 2004.
25. Engling, G., Carrico, C. M., Kreidenweis, S. M., Collett Jr., J. L., Day, D. E., Malm, W. C., Lincoln, E., Hao, W. M., Iinuma, Y., and Herrmann, H.: Determination of levoglucosan in biomass combustion aerosol by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection, Atmos. Environ. 40, S299-S311, 2006.
26. Engling, G., Lee, J. J., Tsai, Y.-W., Lung, S.-C. C., Chou, C. C.-K., Chan, C. Y.: Size-resolved anhydrosugar composition in smoke aerosol from controlled field burning of rice straw, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 43, 662-672, 2009.
27. Feldstein, M., Duckworth, S., Wohlers, H. C., and Linsky, B.: The contribution of the open burning of land clearing debris to air pollution, Japca. J. Air Waste Ma., 13, 542-545, 1963.
28. Fernandes, S. D., Trautmann, N. M., Streets, D. G., Roden, C. A., and Bond, T. C.: Global biofuel use, 1850-2000, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 21, GB2019, doi:10.1029/2006GB002836, 2007. (Pubitemid 47323968)
29. Forster, P., Ramaswamy, V., Artaxo, P., et al.: Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing, in Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, contribution ofWorking Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Solomon, S. D., Qin, M., Manning, Z., Chen, M., Marquis, K. B., Averyt, M. T., and Miller, H. L., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 129-134, 2007.
30. Gerstle, R. W. and Kemnitz, D. A.: Atmospheric Emissions From Open Burning, Japca. J. Air Waste Ma., 17, 324-327, 1967.
31. Griffith, D. W. T.: FT-IR measurements of atmospheric trace gases and their fluxes, in: Handbook of Vibrational Spectroscopy, edited by: Chalmers, J. M. and Griffiths, P. R., John Wiley &Sons Ltd, West Sussex, UK, 4, 2823-2841, 2002.
32. Hsu, S.-C., Liu, S. C., Huang, Y.-T., Lung, S.-C. C., Tsai, F., Tu, J.- Y., and Kao, S.-J.: A criterion for identifying Asian dust events based on Al concentration data collected from northern Taiwan between 2002 and early 2007, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D18306, doi:10.1029/2007JD009574, 2008.
33. Hsu, S.-C., Wong, G. T. F., Gong, G.-C., et al.: Sources, solubility, and dry deposition of aerosol trace elements over the East China Sea, Mar. Chem., doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2008.10.003, in press, 2010.
34. Iinuma, Y., Engling, G., Puxbaum, H., and Herrmann, H.: A highly resolved anion exchange chromatographic method for determination of saccharidic tracers for biomass combustion and primary bio-particles in atmospheric aerosol, Atmos. Environ., 43, 1367-1371, 2009.
35. IPCC, 2006: 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, prepared by the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme, edited by: Eggleston, H. S., Buendia, L., Miwa, K., Ngara, T., and Tanabe, K., IGES, Japan, 2006.
36. Johnson, M., Edwards, R., Frenk, C. A., and Masera, O.: Infield greenhouse gas emissions from cookstoves in rural Mexican households, Atmos. Environ. 42, 1206-1222, 2008. (Pubitemid 351179648)
37. Keene, W. C., Aslam, M., Khalil, K., et al.: Composite global emissions of reactive chlorine from anthropogenic and natural sources: Reactive Chlorine Emissions Inventory, J. Geophys. Res., 104(D7), 8429-8440, 1999. (Pubitemid 29417117)
38. Kim, S., Huey, L. G., Stickel, R. E., Pierce, R. B., Chen, G., Avery, M. A., Dibb, J. E., Diskin, G. S., Sachse, G. W., McNaughton, C. S., Clarke, A. D., Anderson, B. E., and Blake, D. R.: Airborne measurements of HCl from the marine boundary layer to the lower stratosphere over the North Pacific Ocean during INTEXB, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 8, 3563-3595, 2008, http://www.atmos-chem- phys-discuss.net/8/3563/2008/.
39. Lemieux, P. M., Lutes, C. C., Abbott, J. A., and Aldous, K. M.: Emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans from the open burning of household waste in barrels, Environ. Sci. Technol. 34, 377-384, 2000. (Pubitemid 30080173)
40. Lobert, J. M., Keene, W. C., Logan, J. A., and Yevich, R.: Global chlorine emissions from biomass burning: Reactive Chlorine Emissions Inventory, J. Geophys. Res. 104, 8373-8390, 1999.
41. Lobert, J. M., Scharffe, D. H., Hao, W. M., Kuhlbusch, T. A., Seuwen, R., Warneck, P., and Crutzen, P. J.: Experimental evaluation of biomass burning emissions: Nitrogen and carbon containing compounds, in: Global Biomass Burning: Atmospheric, Climatic, and Biospheric Implications, edited by: Levine J. S., MIT Press, Cambridge, 289-304, 1991.
42. Marley, N. A., Gaffney, J. S., Tackett, M., Sturchio, N. C., Heraty, L., Martinez, N., Hardy, K. D., Marchany-Rivera, A., Guilderson, T., MacMillan, A., and Steelman, K.: The impact of biogenic carbon sources on aerosol absorption in Mexico City, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 1537-1549, 2009, http://www.atmos-chem- phys.net/9/1537/2009/.
43. Martins, J. V., Artaxo, P., Liousse, C., Reid, J. S., Hobbs, P. V., and Kaufman, Y. J.: Effects of black carbon content, particle size, and mixing on light absorption by aerosols from biomass burning in Brazil, J. Geophys. Res., 103(D4), 32041-32050, 1998. (Pubitemid 128665620)
44. Masera, O. R., Did́az, R., and Berrueta, V. M.: From cookstoves to cooking systems: the integrated program on sustainable household energy use in Mexico, Energ. Sustain. Dev. 9(1), 25-36, 2005.
45. McCulloch, A., Aucott, M. L., Benkovitz, C. M., Graede, T. E., Kleiman, G., Midgley, P. M., and Li, Y. F.: Global emissions of hydrogen chloride and chloromethane from coal combustion, incineration and industrial activities: Reactive Chlorine Emissions Inventory, J. Geophys. Res., 104(D7), 8391-8403, 1999. (Pubitemid 29417114)
46. Mersiowsky, I., Stegman, R., and Ejlertsson, J.: Long-term behaviour of poly (vinyl chloride) products under soil-buried and landfill conditions, Plast. Rubber Compos., 28, 7, 321-326, 1999. (Pubitemid 30509106)
47. Moffet, R. C., Desyaterik, Y., Hopkins, R. J., Tivanski, A. V., Gilles, M. K., Wang, Y., Shutthanandan, V., Molina, L. T., Abraham, R. G., Johnson, K. S., Mugica, V., Molina, M. J., Laskin, A., and Prather, K.: Characterization of aerosols containing Zn, Pb, and Cl from an industrial region of Mexico City, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 7091-7097, 2008.
48. Molina, L. T., Kolb, C. E., de Foy, B., Lamb, B. K., Brune, W. H., Jimenez, J. L., Ramos-Villegas, R., Sarmiento, J., Paramo- Figueroa, V. H., Cardenas, B., Gutierrez-Avedoy, V., and Molina, M. J.: Air quality in North America's most populous city - overview of the MCMA-2003 campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 2447-2473, 2007, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/7/2447/2007/. (Pubitemid 46751595)
49. Molina, L. T., Madronich, S., Gaffney, J. S., and Singh, H. B.: Overview of MILAGRO/INTEX-B campaign, IGAC Newsletter, 38, 2-15, 2008.
50. Neurath, C.: PVC's role in dioxin emissions from open burning: New analysis of US EPA data, Organohalogen Cmpds., 66, 1146-1152, 2004.
51. Novakov, T. and Corrigan, C. E.: Thermal Characterization of Biomass Smoke Particles, Mikrochim. Acta, 119, 157-166, 1995.
52. Ojeda-Benitez, S., de Vega, C. A., and Ramid́rez-Barreto, M. E.: Characterization and quantification of household solid wastes in a Mexican City, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 39, 211-222, 2003. (Pubitemid 37162576)
53. Querol, X., Pey, J., Minguillón, M. C., Pérez, N., Alastuey, A., Viana, M., Moreno, T., Bernabé, R. M., Blanco, S., Cárdenas, B., Vega, E., Sosa, G., Escalona, S., Ruiz, H., and Artid́ñano, B.: PM speciation and sources in Mexico during the MILAGRO-2006 Campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 111-128, 2008, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/8/111/2008/.
54. Raga, G. B., Baumgardner, D., Castro, T., Martinez-Arroyo, A., and Navarro-Gonzalez, R.: Mexico City air quality: a qualitative review of gas and aerosol measurements (1960-2000), Atmos. Environ., 35, 4041-4058, 2001.
55. Ranis, G. and Stewart, F.: V-goods and the role of the urban informal sector in development, Yale University Economic Growth Center Discussion Paper No. 724, New Haven, 1994.
56. Reff, A., Bhave, P. V., Simon, H., Pace, T. G., Pouliot, G. A., Mobley, D., and Houyoux, M.: Emissions inventory of PM2.5 trace elements across the United States, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 5790-5796, 2009.
57. Roden, C. A., Bond, T. C., Conway, S., Pinel, A. B. O., MacCarty, N., and Still, D.: Laboratory and field investigations of particulate and carbon monoxide emissions from traditional and improved cookstoves, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40(21), 6750-6757, doi:10.1021/es052080i, 2006. (Pubitemid 44721918)
58. Roden, C. A., Bond, T. C., Conway, S., Pinel, A. B. O., MacCarty, N., and Still, D.: Laboratory and field investigations of particulate and carbon monoxide emissions from traditional and improved cookstoves, Atmos. Environ., 43, 1170-1181, 2009.
59. Schneider, F. and Enste, D. H.: Shadow economies: size, causes, and consequences, J. Econ. Lit., 38, 77-114, 2000.
60. Simoneit, B. R. T., Kobayashi, M., Mochida, M., Kawamura, K., and Huebert, B. J.: Aerosol particles collected on aircraft flights over the northwestern Pacific region during the ACE-Asia campaign: Composition and major sources of the organic compounds, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D19S09, doi:10.1029/2004JD004565, 2004a. (Pubitemid 39660664)
61. Simoneit, B. R. T., Kobayashi, M., Mochida, M., Kawamura, K., Lee, M., Lim, H.-J., Turpin, B. J., and Komazaki, Y.: Composition and major sources of organic compounds of aerosol particulate matter sampled during the ACE-Asia campaign, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D19S10, doi:10.1029/2004JD004598, 2004b. (Pubitemid 39660665)
62. Simoneit, B. R. T., Medeiros, P. M., and Didyk, B. M.: Combustion products of plastics as indicators for refuse burning in the atmosphere, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39(18), 6961-6970, 2005.
63. Simoneit, B. R. T., Schauer, J. J., Nolte, C. G., Oros, D. R., Elias, V. O., Fraser, M. P., Rogge,W. F., and Cass, G. R.: Levoglucosan, a tracer for cellulose in biomass burning and atmospheric particles, Atmos. Environ., 33, 173-182, 1999. (Pubitemid 28561853)
64. Sinha, P., Hobbs, P. V., Yokelson, R. J., Blake, D. R., Gao, S., and Kirchstetter, T. W.: Emissions from miombo woodland and dambo grassland savanna fires, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D11305, doi:10.1029/2004JD004521, 2004. (Pubitemid 39103550)
65. Smith, K. R., Mehta, S., and Maeusezahl-Feuz, M.: Indoor smoke from household solid fuels, in: Comparative Quantification of Health Risks: Global and Regional Burden of Disease due to Selected Major Risk Factors, edited by: Ezzati, M., Rodgers, A. D., Lopez, A. D., and Murray, C. J. L., World Health Organization, Geneva, 2, 1435-1493, 2004.
66. Streets, D. G., Bond, T. C., Carmichael, G. R., et al.: An inventory of gaseous and primary aerosol emissions in Asia in the year 2000, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D21), 8809, doi:10.1029/2002JD003093, 2003.
67. Streets, D. G., Zhang, Q., Wang, L., He, K., Hao, J., Wu, Y., Tang, Y., and Carmichael, G. R.: Revisiting China's CO emissions after the Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) mission: Synthesis of inventories, atmospheric modeling, and observations, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D14306, doi:10.1029/2006JD007118, 2006. (Pubitemid 46055358)
68. Susott, R. A., Olbu, G. J., Baker, S. P., Ward, D. E., Kauffmann, J. B., and Shea, R. W.: Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and thermogravimetric analysis of tropical ecosystem biomass, in: Biomass burning and global change - Remote sensing, modeling and inventory development, and biomass burning in Africa, edited by: Levine, J. S., MIT Press, Cambridge, 1, 249-259, 1996.
69. Tabazadeh, A. and Turco, R. P.: Stratospheric chlorine injection by volcanic eruptions: HCl scavenging and implications for ozone, Science, Washington, DC, US, 260(5111), 1082-1086, 1993. (Pubitemid 23381999)
70. TriData Corp.: Landfill fires: Their magnitude, characteristics and mitigation, Federal Emergency Management Agency, US Fire Administration, National Fire Data Center, Arlington, VA, 2002.
71. USEPA: Compilation of air pollutant emission factors Volume I: Stationary point and area sources, AP-42, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Office of Air and Radiation, Research Triangle Park, NC, 26 pp., 1995.
72. USEPA: An inventory of sources and environmental releases of dioxin-like compounds in the United States for the years 1987, 1995, and 2000, EPA/600/P-03/002F, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC, 677 pp., 2006.
73. USEPA: Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2005, EPA 430-R-07-002, Office of Atmospheric Programs, Washington DC, 2007.
74. Ward, D. E. and Radke, L. F.: Emissions measurements from vegetation fires: A comparative evaluation of methods and results, in: Fire in the Environment: The Ecological, Atmospheric, and Climatic Importance of Vegetation Fires, edited by: Crutzen, P. J. and Goldammer, J. G., John Wiley, New York, 53-76, 1993.
75. Yevich, R. and Logan, J. A.: An assessment of biofuel use and burning of agricultural waste in the developing world, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 17(4), 1095, doi:10.1029/2002GB001952, 2003.
76. Yokelson, R. J., Christian, T. J., Bertschi, I. T., and Hao, W. M.: Evaluation of adsorption effects on measurements of ammonia, acetic acid, and methanol, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D20), 4649, doi:10.1029/2003JD003549, 2003.
77. Yokelson, R. J., Christian, T. J., Karl, T. G., and Guenther, A.: The tropical forest and fire emissions experiment: laboratory fire measurements and synthesis of campaign data, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 3509-3527, 2008, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/8/3509/2008/.
78. Yokelson, R. J., Crounse, J. D., DeCarlo, P. F., Karl, T., Urbanski, S., Atlas, E., Campos, T., Shinozuka, Y., Kapustin, V., Clarke, A. D., Weinheimer, A., Knapp, D. J., Montzka, D. D., Holloway, J., Weibring, P., Flocke, F., Zheng,W., Toohey, D.,Wennberg, P. O., Wiedinmyer, C., Mauldin, L., Fried, A., Richter, D., Walega, J., Jimenez, J. L., Adachi, K., Buseck, P. R., Hall, S. R., and Shetter, R.: Emissions from biomass burning in the Yucatan, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5785-5812, 2009, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/5785/2009/.
79. Yokelson, R. J., Goode, J. G., Ward, D. E., Susott, R. A., Babbitt, R. E., Wade, D. D., Bertschi, I., Griffith, D. W. T., and Hao, W. M.: Emissions of formaldehyde, acetic acid, methanol, and other trace gases from biomass fires in North Carolina measured by airborne Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, J. Geophys. Res., 104(D23), 30109-30126, doi:10.1029/1999JD900817, 1999.
80. Yokelson, R. J., Urbanski, S. P., Atlas, E. L., Toohey, D. W., Alvarado, E. C., Crounse, J. D., Wennberg, P. O., Fisher, M. E., Wold, C. E., Campos, T. L., Adachi, K., Buseck, P. R., and Hao, W. M.: Emissions from forest fires near Mexico City, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5569-5584, 2007, http://www.atmos-chem-phys. net/7/5569/2007/. (Pubitemid 350098932)
81. Yokelson, R. J.,Ward, D. E., Susott, R. A., Reardon, J., and Griffith, D. W. T.: Emissions from smoldering combustion of biomass measured by open-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, J. Geophys. Res., 102(D15), 18865-18877, 1997.
82. Zhang, J., Smith, K. R., Ma, Y., Ye, S., Jiang, F., Qi, W., Liu, P., Khalil, M. A. K., Rasmussen, R. A., and Thorneloe, S. A.: Greenhouse gases and other airborne pollutants from household stoves in China: a database for emission factors, Atmos. Environ., 34, 4537-4549, 2000. (Pubitemid 30625079)
83. Zuk, M., Rojas, L., Blanco, S., Serrano, P., Cruz, J., Angeles, F., Tzintzun, G., Armendariz, C., Edwards, R. D., Johnson, M., Riojas- Rodriguez, H., and Masera, O.: The impact of improved woodburning stoves on fine particulate matter concentrations in rural Mexican homes, J. Expo. Sci. Env. Epid., 17, 224-232, 2007. (Pubitemid 46788892)