Eye movement behaviour during reading of Japanese sentences: Effects of word length and visual complexity

Reading and Writing

Volumn 25, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 981-1006

  White, Sarah J ^a   Hirotani, Masako ^b,c   Liversedge, Simon P ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER   (United Kingdom)

^b CARLETON UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^c MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR HUMAN COGNITIVE AND BRAIN SCIENCES   (Germany)

^d UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Eye movements; Japanese; Reading; Visual complexity; Word length

Indexed keywords

EID: 84860377422     PISSN: 09224777     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11145-010-9289-0     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Amano, S., & Kondo, T. (Eds.). (2000). NTT database series. In Nihongo-no Goitokusei: Lexical properties of Japanese (Vol. 7). Tokyo: Sanseido Co. Ltd.
2. Chen, H.-C., Song, H., Lau, W. Y., Wong, K. F. E., & Tang, S. L. (2003). Developmental characteristics of eye movements in reading Chinese. In C. McBride-Chang & H.-C. Chen (Eds.), Reading development in Chinese children (pp. 159-169). Westport, CT: Praeger.
3. Chen, H.-C., & Tang, C. K. (1998). The effective visual field in reading Chinese. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 10, 245-254.
4. Engbert, R., Nuthmann, A., Richter, E. M., & Kliegl, R. (2005). SWIFT: A dynamical model of saccade generation during reading. Psychological Review, 112, 777-813.
5. Hino, Y., & Luper, S. J. (1998). The effects of word frequency for Japanese kana and Kanji words in naming and lexical decision: Can the dual-route model save the lexical-selection account? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 24, 1431-1453.
6. Hoosain, R. (1991). Psycholinguistic implications for linguistic relativity: A case study of Chinese. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
7. Huang, K.-C., & Hsu, S.-H. (2005). Effects of numbers of strokes on Chinese character recognition during a normal reading condition. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 101, 845-852.
8. Ikeda, M., & Saida, S. (1978). Span of recognition in reading. Vision Research, 18, 83-88.
9. Inhoff, A. W., & Liu, W. (1998). The perceptual span and oculomotor activity during the reading of Chinese sentences. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 24, 20-24.
10. Just, M. A., & Carpenter, P. A. (1987). Orthography: Its structure and effects on reading. In M. A. Just & P. A. Carpenter (Eds.), The psychology of reading and language processing (pp. 287-325). Newton, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
11. Kajii, N., Nazir, T. A., & Osaka, N. (2001). Eye movement control in reading unspaced text: The case of the Japanese script. Vision Research, 41, 2503-2510.
12. Kambe, N. (1986). Yomi no gankyu undou to yomi no katei [Eye movements and processes in reading]. Kokuritsu Kokugo Kenkyusho Houkoku [National Institute of Japanese Language Report], 85, 29-66.
13. Lee, Y., Lee, H., & Gordon, P. C. (2007). Linguistic complexity and information structure in Korean: Evidence from eye-tracking during reading. Cognition, 104, 495-534.
14. Liu, W., Inhoff, A. W., Ye, Y., & Wu, C. (2002). Use of parafoveally visible characters during the reading of Chinese sentences. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 28, 1213-1227.
15. McConkie, G. W., Kerr, P. W., Reddix, M. D., & Zola, D. (1988). Eye movement control during reading: I. The location of initial eye fixations on words. Vision Research, 28, 1107-1118.
16. McConkie, G. W., & Rayner, K. (1975). The span of the effective stimulus during a fixation in reading. Perception & Psychophysics, 17, 578-586.
17. McConkie, G. W., & Rayner, K. (1976). Asymmetry of the perceptual span in reading. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 8, 365-368.
18. Nakayama, M., Mazuka, R., & Shirai, Y. (Eds.). (2006). The handbook of east Asian psycholinguistics. Vol. 2: Japanese. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
19. Osaka, N. (1987). Effect of peripheral visual field size upon eye movements during Japanese text processing. In J. K. O'Regan & A. Lévy-Schoen (Eds.), Eye movements: From physiology to cognition (pp. 421-429). North Holland, Amsterdam: Elsevier Science.
20. Osaka, N. (1989). Eye fixation and saccade during kana and kanji text reading: Comparison of English and Japanese text processing. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 27, 548-550.
21. Osaka, N. (1991). Effective visual field size necessary for vertical reading during Japanese text processing. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 29, 345-347.
22. Osaka, N. (1992). Size of saccade and fixation duration of eye movements during reading: Psychophysics of Japanese text processing. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 9, 5-13.
23. Osaka, N. (1993). Asymmetry of the effective visual field in vertical reading as measured with a moving window. In G. d'Ydewalle & J. van Rensbergen (Eds.), Perception and cognition: Advances in eye movement research (pp. 275-283). Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier.
24. Pollatsek, A., Tan, L. H., & Rayner, K. (2000). The role of phonological codes in integrating information across saccadic eye movements in Chinese character identification. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 26, 607-633.
25. Rayner, K. (1979). Eye guidance in reading: Fixation locations within words. Perception, 8, 21-30.
26. Rayner, K. (1998). Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 372-422.
27. Rayner, K. (2009). Eye movements and attention in reading, scene perception, and visual search. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 62, 1457-1506.
28. Rayner, K., Li, X., Juhasz, B. J., & Yan, G. (2005). The effect of word predictability on the eye movements of Chinese readers. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 12, 1089-1093.
29. Rayner, K., Li, X., & Pollatsek, A. (2007). Extending the E-Z Reader model of eye movement control to Chinese readers. Cognitive Science, 31, 1021-1033.
30. Rayner, K., & McConkie, G. W. (1976). What guides a reader's eye movements? Vision Research, 16, 829-837.
31. Rayner, K., Sereno, S. C., & Raney, G. E. (1996). Eye movement control in reading: A comparison of two types of models. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 22, 1188-1200.
32. Reichle, E. D., Rayner, K., & Pollatsek, A. (2003). The E-Z Reader model of eye movement control in reading: Comparisons to other models. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 26, 445-526.
33. Sainio, M., Hyönä, J., Bingushi, K., & Bertram, R. (2007). The role of interword spacing in reading Japanese: An eye movement study. Vision Research, 47, 2575-2584.
34. Su, Y.-F., & Samuels, S. J. (2010). Developmental changes in character-complexity and word-length effects when reading Chinese script. Reading and Writing, 23, 1085-1108.
35. Tsai, J.-L., Lee, C.-Y., Tzeng, O. J. L., Hung, D. L., & Yen, N. S. (2004). Use of phonological codes for Chinese characters: Evidence from processing of parafoveal preview when reading sentences. Brain and Language, 91, 235-244.
36. Tsai, J.-L., & McConkie, G. W. (2003). Where do Chinese readers send their eyes? In J. Hyönä, R. Radach, & H. Deubel (Eds.), The mind's eye: Cognitive and applied aspects of eye movement research (pp. 159-176). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
37. Wang, H.-C., Pomplun, M., Chen, M., Ko, H., & Rayner, K. (2010). Estimating the effect of word predictability on eye movements in Chinese reading using latent semantic analysis and transitional probability. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63, 1374-1386.
38. Wang, C.-A., Tsai, J.-L., Inhoff, A. W., & Tzeng, O. J. L. (2009). Acquisition of linguistic information to the left of fixation during the reading of Chinese text. Language and Cognitive Processes, 24, 1097-1123.
39. Yan, G., Bai, X., Zang, C., Bian, Q., Cui, L., Qi, W., et al. (submitted). Using stroke deletion to investigate Chinese character encoding during reading. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal.
40. Yan, M., Kliegl, R., Richter, E. M., Nuthmann, A., & Shu, H. (2010). Flexible saccade-target selection in Chinese reading. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63, 705-725.
41. Yan, M., Richter, E. M., Shu, H., & Kliegl, R. (2009). Readers of Chinese extract semantic information from parafoveal words. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 16, 561-566.
42. Yan, G., Tian, H., Bai, X., & Rayner, K. (2006). The effect of word and character frequency on the eye movements of Chinese readers. British Journal of Psychology, 97, 259-268.
43. Yang, H.-M., & McConkie, G. M. (1999). Reading Chinese: Some basic eye-movement characteristics. In H.-C. Chen (Ed.), Reading Chinese script: A cognitive analysis (pp. 207-222). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
44. Yang, J., Wang, S., Chen, H.-C., & Rayner, K. (2009a). The time course of semantic and syntactic processing in Chinese sentence comprehension: Evidence from eye movements. Memory & Cognition, 37, 1164-1176.
45. Yang, J., Wang, S., Xu, Y., & Rayner, K. (2009b). Do Chinese readers obtain preview benefit from word n + 2? Evidence from eye movements. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 35, 1192-1204.
46. Yen, M.-H., Tsai, J.-L., Tzeng, O. J.-L., & Hung, D. L. (2008). Eye movements and parafoveal word processing in reading Chinese. Memory & Cognition, 36, 1033-1045.
47. Yokosawa, K., & Umeda, M. (1988). Processes in human kanji-word recognition. Proceedings of the 1988 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 1, 377-380.