Pharmacological and Biochemical Analysis of Interactions between N-Acetylcysteine and Some Antiepileptic Drugs on Experimental Seizures in Mice

CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics

Volumn 18, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 406-413

  Devi, P Uma ^a   Saraogi, P ^a   Manocha, A ^a   Vohora, Divya ^a  

^a HAMDARD UNIVERSITY   (India)

Author keywords

Electroshock seizures; N acetylcysteine; Oxidative stress; Phenytoin; Sodium valproate

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCYSTEINE; ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; CALCIUM; GLUTATHIONE; MALONALDEHYDE; PHENYTOIN; VALPROIC ACID;

ADJUVANT THERAPY; ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE BLOOD LEVEL; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE BLOOD LEVEL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; ARTICLE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE BLOOD LEVEL; BEHAVIOR CHANGE; BRAIN CORTEX; CALCIUM BLOOD LEVEL; CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG POTENTIATION; ELECTRIC SHOCK; FEMALE; GRIP STRENGTH; LIVER FUNCTION; MALE; MEMORY; MORTALITY; MOUSE; NEUROMUSCULAR FUNCTION; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS;

ACETYLCYSTEINE; ALANINE TRANSAMINASE; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ANIMALS; ANTICONVULSANTS; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASES; CALCIUM; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; DRUG INTERACTIONS; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; ELECTROSHOCK; EXPLORATORY BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; GLUTATHIONE; HAND STRENGTH; MALE; MALONDIALDEHYDE; MICE; SEIZURES;

EID: 84860264591     PISSN: 17555930     EISSN: 17555949     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2011.00278.x     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Patel M. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress: Cause and consequence of epileptic seizures. Free Radic Biol Med 2004;37:1951-1962.
2. Gao J, Chi ZF, Liu XW, Shan PY, Wang R. Mitochondrial dysfunction and ultrastructural damage in the hippocampus of pilocarpine-induced epileptic rat. Neurosci Lett 2007;411:152-157.
3. Devi PU, Manocha A, Vohora D. Seizures, antiepileptics, antioxidants and oxidative stress: An insight for researchers. Expert Opin Pharmacotherapy 2008;9:3169-3177.
4. Bruce AJ, Baudry M. Oxygen free radicals in rat limbic structures after kainate-induced seizures. Free Radic Biol Med 1995;18:993-1002.
5. Rola R, Swiader M, Czuczwar SJ. Electroconvulsions elevate the levels of lipid peroxidation products in mice. Pol J Pharmacol 2002;54:521-524.
6. Gulati K, Ray A, Pal G, Vijayan VK. Possible role of free radicals in theophylline-induced seizures in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2005;82:241-245.
7. Tejada S, Sureda A, Roca C, Gamundí A, Esteban S. Antioxidant response and oxidative damage in brain cortex after high dose of pilocarpine. Brain Res Bull 2007;71:372-375.
8. Barros DO, Xavier SML, Barbosa CO, et al. Effects of the vitamin E in catalase activities in hippocampus after status epilepticus induced by pilocarpine in Wistar rats. Neurosci Lett 2007;416:227-230.
9. Xavier SM, Barbosa CO, Barros DO, Silva RF, Oliveira AA, Freitas RM. Vitamin C antioxidant effects in hippocampus of adult Wistar rats after seizures and status epilepticus induced by pilocarpine. Neurosci Lett 2007;420:76-79.
10. Lowenstein DH. Seizures and epilepsy. In: Fauci AS, Martin JB, Braunwald E, et al. editors. Harrison's principles of internal medicine, 14th ed. New York : McGraw-Hill, 1998; 2315--2316.
11. Mahle C, Dasgupta A. Decreased total antioxidant capacity and elevated lipid hydroperoxide concentrations in sera of epileptic patients receiving phenytoin. Life Sci 1997;61:437-443.
12. Hamed SA, Abdullah MM, El-Melegy N. Blood levels of trace elements, electrolytes, and oxidative stress/antioxidant systems in epileptic patients. J Pharmacol Sci 2004;96:465-473.
13. Moldeus P, Cotgreave IA. N-acetylcysteine. Methods Enzymol 1994;234:482-492.
14. Demir S, Inal-Erden M. Pentoxifylline and N-acetylcysteine in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. Clin Chim Acta 1998;275:127-135.
15. Kamboj A, Kiran R, Sandhir R. N-acetylcysteine ameliorates carbofuran-induced alterations in lipid composition and activity of membrane bound enzymes. Mol Cell Biochem 2006a;286:107-114.
16. Ben-Menachem E, Kyllerman M, Marklund S. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase function in progressive myoclonus epilepsies. Epilepsy Res 2000;40:33-39.
17. Farr SA, Poon HF, Dogrukol-AK D, et al. The antioxidants alpha-lipoic acid and N-acetylcysteine reverse memory impairment and brain oxidative stress in aged SAMP8 mice. J Neurochem 2003;84:1173-1183.
18. Devi PU, Pillai KK, Vohora D. Modulation of pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures and oxidative stress parameters by sodium valproate in the absence and presence of N-acetylcysteine. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2006a;20:247-253.
19. Devi PU, Pillai KK, Vohora D. Facilitation action of N-acetylcysteine on the anticonvulsant effect of sodium valproate in mice. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2006b;98:521-522.
20. Luszczki JJ, Borowicz KK, Swiader M, Czuczwar SJ. Interactions between oxcarbazepine and conventional antiepileptic drugs in the maximal electroshock test in mice: An isobolographic analysis. Epilepsia 2003;44:489-499.
21. Ali A, Ahmad FJ, Pillai KK, Vohora D. Evidence of the antiepileptic potential of amiloride with neuropharmacological benefits in rodent models of epilepsy and behavior. Epilepsy Behav 2004;5:322-328.
22. Vohora D, Pal SN, Pillai KK. Modulation of spontaneous alternation performance of mice treated with thioperamide and tacrine in a cross maze task. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2005;19:531-532.
23. Ellman GL. Tissue sulfhydryl groups. Arch Biochem Biophys 1959;82:70-77.
24. Konings AWT, Drijver EB. Radiation effects on membranes. I. Vitamin E deficiency and lipid peroxidation. Radiat Res 1979;80:494-501.
25. Reitman S, Frankel S. A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases. Am J Clin Pathol 1957;28:56-63.
26. Kind PR, King EJ. Estimation of plasma phosphatase by determination of hydrolysed phenol with aminoantipyrine. J Clin Pathol 1954;7:322-326.
27. Pollard FH, Martin JV. The spectrophotometric determination of the alkaline-earth metals with murexide, eriochrome black T and with o-cresolphthalein complexone. Analyst 1956;81:348-353.
28. Loscher W, Fassbender CP, Nolting B. The role of technical, biological and pharmacological factors in the laboratory evaluation of anticonvulsant drugs. II. Maximal electroshock seizure models. Epilepsy Res 1991;8:79-94.
29. Deckers CL, Czuczwar SJ, Hekster YA, et al. Selection of antiepileptic drug polytherapy based on mechanisms of action: The evidence reviewed. Epilepsia 2000;41:1364-1374.
30. Loscher W, Schmidt D. Which animal models should be used in the search for new antiepileptic drugs? A proposal based on experimental and clinical considerations. Epilepsy Res 1988;2:145-181.
31. Joseph S, David J, Joseph T. Additive anticonvulsant effect of flunarizine and sodium valproate on electroshock and chemoshock induced seizures in mice. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1998;42:383-388.
32. Barichello T, Bonatto F, Agostinho FR, et al. Structure-related oxidative damage in rat brain after acute and chronic electroshock. Neurochem Res 2004;29:1749-1753.
33. Nieoczym D, Albera E, Kankofer M, Wlaz P. Maximal electroshock induces changes in some markers of oxidative stress in mice. J Neural Transm 2008;115:19-25.
34. Ates O, Cayli SR, Gurses I, et al. Do sodium channel blockers have neuroprotective effect after onset of ischemic insult? Neurol Res 2007;29:317-323.
35. Cui J, Shao L, Young LT, Wang JF. Role of glutathione in neuroprotective effects of mood stabilizing drugs lithium and valproate. Neuroscience 2007;144:1447-1453.
36. Frey BN, Valvassori SS, Reus GZ, et al. Effects of lithium and valproate on amphetamine-induced oxidative stress generation in an animal model of mania. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2006;31:326-332.
37. Kamboj A, Kiran R, Sandhir R. Carbofuran-induced neurochemical and neurobehavioral alterations in rats: Attenuation by N-acetylcysteine. Exp Brain Res 2006b;170:567-575.
38. Akbas SH, Yegin A, Ozben T. Effect of pentylenetetrazole-induced epileptic seizure on the antioxidant enzyme activities, glutathione and lipid peroxidation levels in rat erythrocytes and liver tissues. Clin Biochem 2005;38:1009-1014.
39. Decell MK, Gordon JB, Silver K, Meagher-Villemure K. Fulminant hepatic failure associated with status epilepticus in children: Three cases and a review of potential mechanisms. Intensive Care Med 1994;20:375-378.
40. Ichai P, Huguet E, Guettier C, et al. Fulminant hepatitis after grand mal seizures: Mechanisms and role of liver transplantation. Hepatology 2003;38:443-451.
41. Loscher W, Wahnschaffe U, Honack D, Wittfoht W, Nau H. Effects of valproate and E-2-en-valproate on functional and morphological parameters of rat liver. I. Biochemical, histopathological and pharmacokinetic studies. Epilepsy Res 1992;13:187-198.
42. Korkmazer N, Vurucu S, Demirkaya E, Unay B, Kul M, Akin R, Gokcay E. Serum and liver tissue biotinidase enzyme activity in rats which were administered valproic acid. Brain Dev 2006;28:515-520.
43. Lee MH, Kim M, Lee BH, et al. Subchronic effects of valproic acid on gene expression profiles for lipid metabolism in mouse liver. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2008;226:271-284.
44. Aiges HW, Daum F, Olson M, Kahn E, Teichberg S. The effects of phenobarbital and diphenylhydantoin on liver function and morphology. J Pediatr 1980;97:22-26.
45. Verma NP, Haidukewych D. Differential but infrequent alterations of hepatic enzyme levels and thyroid hormone levels by anticonvulsant drugs. Arch Neurol 1994;51:381-384.
46. Ahmed SN, Siddiqi ZA. Antiepileptic drugs and liver disease. Seizure 2006;15:156-164.
47. Castilla-Guerra L, del Carmen Fernandez-Moreno M, Lopez-Chozas JM, Fernandez-Bolanos R. Electrolytes disturbances and seizures. Epilepsia 2006;47:1990-1998.
48. Oladipo OO, Lesi FE, Ezeaka VC. Plasma magnesium and calcium levels in children with epilepsy in lagos. Niger Postgrad Med J 2007;14:26-29.
49. Papavasiliou PS, Miller ST, Palat G, Pleban P, Mostek W. Selective disturbances of serum mineral profiles by electroconvulsive therapy. J Nerv Ment Dis 1985;173:401-405.
50. Hjortso E, Fomsgaard JS, Fogh-Andersen N. Does N-acetylcysteine increase the excretion of trace metals (calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and copper) when given orally? Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1990;39:29-31.
51. Onodera K, Takahashi A, Mayanagi H, Wakabayashi H, Kamei J, Shinoda H. Phenytoin-induced bone loss and its prevention with alfacalcidol or calcitriol in growing rats. Calcif Tissue Int 2001;69:109-116.
52. Ala-Houhala M, Korpela R, Koivikko M, Koskinen T, Koskinen M, Koivula T. Long-term anticonvulsant therapy and vitamin D metabolism in ambulatory pubertal children. Neuropediatrics 1986;17:212-216.
53. Babayigit A, Dirik E, Bober E, Cakmakci H. Adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs on bone mineral density. Pediatr Neurol 2006;35:177-181.