Imaging in pulmonary hypertension, part 1: Clinical perspectives, classification, imaging techniques and imaging algorithm

Postgraduate Medical Journal

Volumn 88, Issue 1039, 2012, Pages 271-279

  McCann, Caroline ^a   Gopalan, Deepa ^a   Sheares, Karen ^a   Screaton, Nicholas ^a  

^a PAPWORTH HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; CONTRAST MEDIUM; GADOLINIUM;

ALGORITHM; BLOOD FLOW VELOCITY; BLOOD VESSEL REACTIVITY; CARDIOVASCULAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE; COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ANGIOGRAPHY; CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT; CONVENTIONAL ANGIOGRAPHY; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; DISEASE SEVERITY; DOPPLER ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; EMPHYSEMA; GENE MUTATION; HEART ATRIUM SEPTUM DEFECT; HEART CATHETERIZATION; HEART MOVEMENT; HEART RIGHT VENTRICLE HYPERTROPHY; HERITABLE PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION; HUMAN; IDIOPATHIC DISEASE; IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY ARTERY HYPERTENSION; IMAGING ALGORITHM; INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE; LUNG ANGIOGRAPHY; LUNG ARTERY PRESSURE; LUNG BLOOD FLOW; LUNG VASCULAR RESISTANCE; LUNG VENTILATION PERFUSION RATIO; MAGNETIC RESONANCE ANGIOGRAPHY; OBESITY; PERICARDIAL EFFUSION; PREDICTIVE VALUE; PULMONARY ARTERY; PULMONARY CAPILLARY HEMANGIOMATOSIS; PULMONARY HYPERTENSION; PULMONARY VALVE INSUFFICIENCY; PULMONARY VENO-OCCLUSIVE DISEASE; REVIEW; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; TACHYCARDIA; THORAX RADIOGRAPHY; TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; TRICUSPID VALVE REGURGITATION;

ALGORITHMS; ANGIOGRAPHY; DISEASE MANAGEMENT; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION, PULMONARY; LUNG; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PERFUSION IMAGING; PULMONARY CIRCULATION; RESPIRATORY FUNCTION TESTS; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED; VASCULAR RESISTANCE; VENTILATION-PERFUSION RATIO;

EID: 84859962797     PISSN: 00325473     EISSN: 14690756     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2011-130292     Document Type: Review

References (49)

1. Hatano S, Strasser T. Primary Pulmonary Hypertension. Geneva: World Health Organisation, 1975.
2. Kovacs G, Berghold A, Scheidl S, et al. Pulmonary arterial pressure during rest and exercise in healthy subjects: a systematic review. Eur Respir J 2009;34:888-94.
3. Badesch BD, Champion HC, Gomez-Sanchez MA, et al. Diagnosis and assessment of pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;54:S55-6.
4. Naeije R, Melot C, Niset G, etal. Mechanisms of improved arterial oxygenation after peripheral chemoreceptor stimulation during hypoxic exercise. J Appl Physiol 1993;74:1666-71.
5. Galie N, Hoeper MM, Humbert M, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J 2009;34:1219-63.
6. Peacock AJ. Treatment of pulmonary hypertension. BMJ 2003;326:835-6.
7. D'Alonzo GE, Barst RJ, Ayres SM, et al. Survival in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Results from a national prospective registry. Ann Intern Med 1991;115:343-9.
8. Rich S, Rubin IJ, Abenhaim L, et al. Executive Summary From the World Symposium on Primary Pulmonary Hypertension. Evian, France: World Health Organisation, 1998.
9. Simonneau G, Galie N, Rubin IJ, et al. Clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:5S-12S.
10. Simonneau G, Robbins IM, Beghetti M, et al. Updated clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;54:S43-54.
11. Machado RD, Aldred MA, James V, et al. Mutations of the TGF-beta type II receptor BMPR2 in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Hum Mutat 2006;27:121-32.
12. Machado R, Eickelberg O, Elliott CG, et al. Genetics and genomics of pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;54:S32-42.
13. Chaouat A, Coulet F, Favre C, et al. Endoglin germline mutation in patient with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia and dexfenfluramine associated pulmonary arterial hypertension. Thorax 2004;59:446-8.
14. Chaves E. The pathology of the arterial pulmonary vasculature in Manson's schistosomiasis. Chest 1966;50:72-7.
15. Haque AK, Gokhale S, Rampy BA, et al. Pulmonary hypertension in sickle cell haemoglobinopthy: a clinicopathological study of 20 cases. Hum Pathol 2002;33:1037-43.
16. Rich S, Dantzker DR, Ayres SM, et al. Primary pulmonary hypertension. A national prospective study. Ann Intern Med 1987;107:216-23.
17. Chang CH. The normal roentgenographic measurement of the right descending pulmonary artery in 1085 cases. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med 1962;87:929-35.
18. Muller N, Fraser RS, Colman N, et al. Radiologic Diagnosis of Diseases of the Chest. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2001.
19. Gutierrez FR, Moran CJ, Ludbrook PA, et al. Pulmonary arterial calcification with reversible pulmonary hypertension. Am J Roentgenol 1980;135:177-8.
20. Fisher FR, Forfia PR, Chamera E, et al. Accuracy of doppler echocardiography in the haemodynamic assessment of pulmonary hypertension. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 2009;179:615-21.
21. Fedullo PF, Auger WR, Channick RN, et al. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Clin Chest Med 2001;22:561-81.
22. Tunariu N, Gibbs SJR, Win Z, et al. Ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy is more sensitive than multidetector CTPA in detecting chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease as a treatable cause of pulmonary hypertension. J Nucl Med 2007;48:680-4.
23. Kuriyama K, Gamsu G, Stern RG, et al. CT-determined pulmonary artery diameters in predicting pulmonary hypertension. Invest Radiol 1984;19:16-22.
24. Ng CS, Wells AU, Padley SP. A CT sign of chronic pulmonary arterial hypertension: the ratio of main pulmonary artery to aortic diameter. J Thorac Imaging 1999;14:270-8.
25. Devaraj A, Wells AU, Meister MG, et al. Detection of pulmonary hypertension with multidetector CT and echocardiography alone and in combination. Radiology 2010;254:609-16.
26. Devaraj A, Wells AU, Meister MG, et al. The effect of diffuse pulmonary fibrosis on the reliability of CT signs of pulmonary hypertension. Radiology 2008;249:1042-9.
27. Tan RT, Kuzo R, Goodman LR, et al. Utility of CT scan evaluation for predicting pulmonary hypertension in patients with parenchymal lung disease. Medical college of Wisconsin lung transplant group. Chest 1998;113:1250-6.
28. Groves AM, Win T, Charman SC, et al. Semi-quantitative assessment of tricuspid regurgitation on contrast-enhanced multi-detector CT. Clin Radiol 2004;59:715-19.
29. Perez-Enguix D, Morales P, Tomas JM, et al. Computed tomographic screening of pulmonary arterial hypertension in candidates for lung transplantation. Transplant Proc 2007;39:2405-8.
30. Quiroz R, Kucher N, Schoepf UJ, et al. Right ventricular enlargement on chest computed tomography: prognostic role in acute pulmonary embolus. Circulation 2004;109:2401-4.
31. Stein PD, Matta F, Yaekoub AY, et al. Reconstructed 4-chamber views compared with axial imaging for assessment of right ventricular enlargement on CT pulmonary angiograms. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2009;28:342-7.
32. Resten A, Maitre S, Humbert M, et al. Pulmonary arterial hypertension: thin section CT predictors of epoprostenol therapy failure. Radiology 2002;222:782-8.
33. Grothues F, Moon JC, Bellenger NG, et al. Interstudy reproducibility of right ventricular volumes, function, and mass with cardiovascular magnetic resonance Am Heart J 2004;147:218-23.
34. Boxt LM, Katz J, Kolb T, et al. Direct quantitation of right and left ventricular volumes with nuclear magnetic resonance imaging in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992;19:1508-15.
35. Van Wolferen SA, Marcus JT, Boonstra A, et al. Prognostic value of right ventricular mass, volume, and function in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J 2007;28:1250-7.
36. Bouchard A, Higgins CB, Byrd BF 3rd, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Cardiol 1985;56:938-42.
37. Saito H, Dambara T, Aiba M, et al. Evaluation of cor pulmonale on a modifed short- axis section of the heart by magnetic resonance imaging. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992;146:1576-81.
38. Katz J, Whang J, Boxt LM, et al. Estimation of right ventricular mass in normal subjects and in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993;21:1475-81.
39. Roeleveld RJ, Marcus JT, Faes TJ, etal. Interventricular septal configuration at MR imaging and pulmonary arterial pressure in pulmonary hypertension. Radiology 2005;234:710-17.
40. Blyth KG, Groenning BA, Martin TN, et al. Contrast-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Eur Heart J 2005;26:1993-9.
41. McCann GP, Gan CT, Beek AM, et al. Extent of MRI delayed enhancement of myocardial mass is related to right ventricular dysfunction in pulmonary artery hypertension. Am J Roengentol 2007;188:349-55.
42. Oudkerk M, van Beek EJ, Wielopolski P, et al. Comparison of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography and conventional pulmonary angiography for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism: a prospective study. Lancet 2002;359:1643-7.
43. Roche KJ, Rivera R, Argilla M, et al. Assessment of vasculature using combined MRI and MR angiography. Am J Roentgenol 2004;182:861-6.
44. Kondo C, Caputo Gr, Masui T, et al. Pulmonary hypertension: pulmonary flow quantification and flow profile analysis with velocity encoded cine MR imaging. Radiology 1992;183:751-8.
45. Sanz J, Kuschnir P, Rius T, et al. Pulmonary hypertension: noninvasive detection with phase contrast MR imaging. Radiology 2007;243:70-9.
46. Van Wolferen S, Marcus JT, Westerhof N, et al. Right coronary flow impairment in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Eur Heart J 2008;29:120-7.
47. Hoeper MM, Lee SH, Voswinckel R, et al. Complications of right heart catheter procedures in patients with pulmonary hypertension in experienced centres. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;48:2546-52.
48. Sitbon O, Humbert M, Jais X, et al. Long-term response to calcium channel blockers in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Circulation 2005;111:3105-11.
49. Coulden R. State-of-the-art imaging techniques in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2006;3:577-83.