Non-radiative recombination losses in polymer light-emitting diodes

Organic Electronics

Volumn 13, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 969-974

  Kuik, M ^a   Koster, L J A ^a   Dijkstra, A G ^b   Wetzelaer, G A H ^a   Blom, P W M ^a,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GRONINGEN   (Netherlands)

^b KYOTO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^c HOLST CENTRE   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Efficiency; Langevin recombination; Non radiative recombination; Polymer light emitting diodes; Shockley Read Hall recombination; Trap assisted recombination

Indexed keywords

CATHODES; DIODES; EFFICIENCY; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; ELECTRON TRAPS; EXCITONS; LIGHT; POLYMERS; QUENCHING;

LANGEVIN RECOMBINATION; NON-RADIATIVE RECOMBINATIONS; POLYMER LIGHT EMITTING DIODE; SHOCKLEY-READ-HALL RECOMBINATIONS; TRAP-ASSISTED RECOMBINATIONS;

ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODES (OLED);

EID: 84859905787     PISSN: 15661199     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2012.02.009     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. P.W.M. Blom, M. deJong, and J. Vleggaar Electron and hole transport in poly(p-phenylene vinylene) devices Appl. Phys. Lett. 68 23 1996 3308 3310
2. M.M. Mandoc, B. de Boer, G. Paasch, and P.W.M. Blom Trap-limited electron transport in disordered semiconducting polymers Phys. Rev. B 75 193202 2007
3. H. Antoniadis, M.A. Abkowitz, and B.R. Hsieh Carrier deep-trapping mobility-lifetime products in poly(p-phenylene vinylene) Appl. Phys. Lett. 65 16 1994 2030 2032
4. G. Vaubel, H. Bässler, and D. Möbius Reaction of singlet excitons at an anthracene/metal interface: energy transfer Chem. Phys. Lett. 10 3 1971 334 336
5. G. Cnossen, K.E. Drabe, and D.A. Wiersma Fluorescence properties of submonolayers of rhodamin 6G in front of a mirror J. Chem. Phys. 98 7 1993 5276 5280
6. P. Langevin Recombinatsion et mobilites des ions dans les gaz Ann. Chim. Phys. 28 1903 433
7. M. Kuik, H.T. Nicolai, M. Lenes, G.A.H. Wetzelaer, M. Lu, and P.W.M. Blom Determination of the trap-assisted recombination strength in polymer light emitting diodes Appl. Phys. Lett. 98 093301 2011 1 3
8. G.A.H. Wetzelaer, M. Kuik, H.T. Nicolai, and P.W.M. Blom Trap-assisted and Langevin-type recombination in organic light-emitting diodes Phys. Rev. B 83 165204 2011 1 5
9. A.L. Burin, and M.A. Ratner Exciton migration and cathode quenching in organic light emitting diodes J. Phys. Chem. A 104 2000 4704 4710
10. D.E. Markov, J.C. Hummelen, P.W.M. Blom, and A. Sieval Dynamics of exciton diffusion in poly(p-phenylene vinylene)/fullerene heterostructures Phys. Rev. B 72 045216 2005 1 5
11. R.R. Chance, A. Prock, and R. Silbey Comments on the classical theory of energy transfer J. Chem. Phys. 62 2008 2245
12. D.E. Markov, C. Tanase, P.W.M. Blom, and J. Wildeman Simultaneous enhancement of charge transport and exciton diffusion in poly(p-phenylene- vinylene) derivatives Phys. Rev. B 72 045217 2005 1 6
13. U. Albrecht, and H. Bässler Langevin-type charge carrier recombination in a disordered hopping system Phys. Status Solidi B 191 2 1995 455 459
14. P.W.M. Blom, M.J.M. de Jong, and C.T.F. Liedenbaum Device physics of polymer light-emitting diodes Polym. Adv. Technol. 9 1998 390 401
15. P.W.M. Blom, M.J.M. de Jong, and S. Breedijk Temperature dependent electron-hole recombination in polymer light-emitting diodes Appl. Phys. Lett. 71 7 1997 930 932
16. C.T. Sah, R.N. Noyce, and W. Shockley Carrier generation and recombination in P-N junctions and P-N junction characteristics Proc. IRE 45 1957 1228 1243
17. M. Kuik, G.A.H. Wetzelaer, J.G. Laddé, H.T. Nicolai, J. Wildeman, J. Sweelssen, and P.W.M. Blom The effect of ketone defects on the charge transport and charge recombination in polyfluorenes Adv. Funct. Matt. 21 23 2011 4502 4509
18. M. Kuik, L.J.A. Koster, G.A.H. Wetzelaer, and P.W.M. Blom Trap-assisted recombination in disordered organic semiconductors Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 256805 2011 1 5
19. H.T. Nicolai, M.M. Mandoc, and P.W.M. Blom Electron traps in semiconducting polymers: exponential versus Gaussian trap distribution Phys. Rev. B 83 195204 2011 1 5
20. M. Kuik, J. Vandenbergh, L. Goris, E.J. Begemann, L. Lutsen, D.J.M. Vanderzande, J.V. Manca, and P.W.M. Blom Optical detection of deep electron traps in poly(p-phenyl vinylene) light-emitting diodes Appl. Phys. Lett. 99 183305 2011 1 3
21. G.A.H. Wetzelaer, M. Kuik, M. Lenes, and P.W.M. Blom Origin of the dark-current ideality factor in polymer: fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells Appl. Phys. Lett. 99 153506 2011 1 3
22. W. Shockley, and W.T. Read Jr. Statistics of the recombinations of holes and electrons Phys. Rev. 87 5 1952 835 842
23. R.N. Hall Electron-hole recombination in Germanium Phys. Rev. 87 1952 387
24. M.M. Mandoc, F.B. Kooistra, J.C. Hummelen, B. de Boer, and P.W.M. Blom Effect of traps on the performance of bulk heterojunction organic solar cells 91 236505 2007 1 3
25. M.M. Mandoc, W. Veurman, L.J.A. Koster, B. de Boer, and P.W.M. Blom Origin of the reduced fill factor and photocurrent in MDMO-PPV:PCNEPV all-polymer solar cells Adv. Func. Mater. 17 2007 2167 2173
26. L. Tzabari, and N. Tessler Shockley-Read-Hall recombination on P3HT:PCBM solar cells as observed under ultralow light intensities J. App. Phys. 109 064501 2011
27. L.J.A. Koster, E.C.P. Smits, V.D. Mihailetchi, and P.W.M. Blom Device model for the operation of polymer/fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells Phys. Rev. B 72 085205 2005 1 9
28. C. Tanase, P.W.M. Blom, D.M. de Leeuw, and E.J. Meijer Charge carrier density dependence of the hole mobility in poly(p-phenylene-vinylene) Phys. Status Solidi A 201 6 2004 1236 1245
29. D.E. Markov, and P.W.M. Blom Exciton quenching in poly(p-phenylene vinylene) polymer light emitting diodes Appl. Phys. Lett. 87 233511 2005 1 3
30. D.E. Markov, and P.W.M. Blom Migration-assisted energy transfer at conjugated polymer/metal interfaces Phys. Rev. B 72 161401R 2005 1 4
31. D. Braun, and A.J. Heeger Visible light emission from semiconducting polymer diodes Appl. Phys. Lett. 58 18 1991 1982 1984
32. L.L. Chua, J. Zaumseil, J.F. Chang, E.C.W. Ou, P.K.H. Ho, H. Sirringhaus, and R.H. Friend General observation of n-type field-effect behavior in organic semiconductors Nature (London) 434 2005 194 198
33. Y. Zhang, B. de Boer, and P.W.M. Blom Trap-free electron transport in poly(p-phenylene vinylene) by deactivation of traps with n-type doping Phys. Rev. B 81 085201 2010 1 5
34. R. Coehoorn, and S.L.M. van Mensfoort Effect of disorder on the current density and recombination profile in organic light-emitting diodes Phys. Rev. B 80 085302 2009 1 11
35. N.I. Craciun, J.J. Brondijk, and P.W.M. Blom Diffusion-enhanced hole transport in thin polymer light-emitting diodes Phys. Rev. B 77 035206 2008 1 5
36. N.C. Greenham, R.H. Friend, and D.D.C. Bradley Angular dependence of the emission from a conjugated polymer light-emitting diode: implication for efficiency calculations Adv. Mater. 6 6 1994 491 494
37. N.I. Craciun, Y. Zhang, A. Palmaerts, H.T. Nicolai, M. Kuik, R.J.P. Kist, G.A.H. Wetzelaer, J. Wildeman, J. Vandenbergh, L. Lutzen, D. Vanderzande, and P.W.M. Blom Hysteresis-free electron currents in poly(p-phenylene vinylene) derivatives J. Appl. Phys. 107 124504 2010
38. A. Menon, H. Dong, Z.I. Niazimbetova, L.J. Rothberg, and M.E. Galvin Polydispersity effects on conjugated polymer light-emitting diodes Chem. Mater. 14 2002 3668 3675
39. A.J. Campbell, D.D.C. Bradley, T. Virgili, D.G. Lidzey, and H. Antoiniadis Improving efficiency by balancing carrier transport in poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) light-emitting diodes using tetraphenylporphyrin as a hole-trapping emissive dopant Appl. Phys. Lett. 79 23 2001 3872 3874