메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 5, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 312-325

The Problem of Biological Individuality

Author keywords

biological individual; counting; definition of the organism; fitness; level of selection; major transitions; reproduction; unit of selection

Indexed keywords


EID: 84859749229     PISSN: 15555542     EISSN: 15555550     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1162/BIOT_a_00068     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (144)

References (110)
  • 1
    • 35248853307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of obligate mutualism: If you can’t beat’em, join’em
    • Aanen DK, Hoekstra RF (2007) The evolution of obligate mutualism: If you can’t beat’em, join’em. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 22: 506–509.
    • (2007) Trends in Ecology & Evolution , vol.22 , pp. 506-509
    • Aanen, D.K.1    Hoekstra, R.F.2
  • 3
    • 37549039094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autonomy: What is it?
    • Boden MA (2008) Autonomy: What is it? Biosystems 91: 305–308.
    • (2008) Biosystems , vol.91 , pp. 305-308
    • Boden, M.A.1
  • 4
    • 85131802034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ideas that stand the [evolutionary] test of time
    • Bouchard F (2007) Ideas that stand the [evolutionary] test of time. A&R webconference: http://www.interdisciplines.org/adaptation/papers/12
    • (2007) A&R Webconference
    • Bouchard, F.1
  • 5
    • 62749158618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causal processes, fitness, and the differential persistence of lineages
    • Bouchard F (2008) Causal processes, fitness, and the differential persistence of lineages. Philosophy of Science 75: 560–570.
    • (2008) Philosophy of Science , vol.75 , pp. 560-570
    • Bouchard, F.1
  • 6
    • 0001634632 scopus 로고
    • Punishment allows the evolution of cooperation (or anything else) in sizable groups
    • Boyd R, Richerson PJ (1992) Punishment allows the evolution of cooperation (or anything else) in sizable groups. Ethology and Sociobiology 13(3): 171–195.
    • (1992) Ethology and Sociobiology , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 171-195
    • Boyd, R.1    Richerson, P.J.2
  • 7
    • 0000212274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The units of selection revisited: The modules of selection
    • Brandon RN (1999) The units of selection revisited: The modules of selection. Biology and Philosophy 14: 167–180.
    • (1999) Biology and Philosophy , vol.14 , pp. 167-180
    • Brandon, R.N.1
  • 8
    • 0041190384 scopus 로고
    • A champion thallus
    • Brasier C (1992) A champion thallus. Nature 356: 382–383.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.356 , pp. 382-383
    • Brasier, C.1
  • 9
  • 14
    • 0000265011 scopus 로고
    • Asexual reproduction: A further consideration
    • Cook RE (1979) Asexual reproduction: A further consideration. American Naturalist 113: 769–772.
    • (1979) American Naturalist , vol.113 , pp. 769-772
    • Cook, R.E.1
  • 15
    • 0021262384 scopus 로고
    • Expected time to extinction and the concept of fundamental fitness
    • CooperWS (1984) Expected time to extinction and the concept of fundamental fitness. Journal of Theoretical Biology 107: 603–629.
    • (1984) Journal of Theoretical Biology , vol.107 , pp. 603-629
    • Cooper, W.S.1
  • 16
    • 0000798871 scopus 로고
    • Functional analysis
    • Cummins R (1975) Functional analysis. Journal of Philosophy 72: 741–765.
    • (1975) Journal of Philosophy , vol.72 , pp. 741-765
    • Cummins, R.1
  • 20
    • 0001458537 scopus 로고
    • A critique of the biological species concept and recommendations for a phylogenetic alternative
    • Donoghue MJ (1985) A critique of the biological species concept and recommendations for a phylogenetic alternative. Bryologist: 172–181.
    • (1985) Bryologist , pp. 172-181
    • Donoghue, M.J.1
  • 21
    • 28444489254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex colony-level organization of the deep-sea siphonophore Bargmannia elongata (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) is directionally asymmetric and arises by the subdivision of pro-buds
    • Dunn CW (2005) Complex colony-level organization of the deep-sea siphonophore Bargmannia elongata (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) is directionally asymmetric and arises by the subdivision of pro-buds. Developmental Dynamics 234: 835–845.
    • (2005) Developmental Dynamics , vol.234 , pp. 835-845
    • Dunn, C.W.1
  • 22
    • 85131806123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Siphonophores
    • Dunn CW (2009) Siphonophores. http://www.siphonophores.org/
    • (2009)
    • Dunn, C.W.1
  • 23
    • 77954355856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The polygenomic organism
    • Dupré J (2010) The polygenomic organism. Sociological Review 58: 19–31.
    • (2010) Sociological Review , vol.58 , pp. 19-31
    • Dupré, J.1
  • 25
    • 0026592943 scopus 로고
    • The meristem-meristem cycle as a basis for defining fitness in clonal plants
    • Fagerström T (1992) The meristem-meristem cycle as a basis for defining fitness in clonal plants. Oikos 63: 449–453.
    • (1992) Oikos , vol.63 , pp. 449-453
    • Fagerström, T.1
  • 27
    • 78650090438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is an individual organism? A multilevel selection perspective
    • Folse 3rd HJ, Roughgarden J (2010) What is an individual organism? A multilevel selection perspective. The Quarterly Review of Biology 85: 447.
    • (2010) The Quarterly Review of Biology , vol.85 , pp. 447
    • Folse1
  • 28
    • 0028982247 scopus 로고
    • Mutual policing and repression of competition in the evolution of cooperative groups
    • Frank SA (1995) Mutual policing and repression of competition in the evolution of cooperative groups. Nature 377: 520–522.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.377 , pp. 520-522
    • Frank, S.A.1
  • 30
    • 0038707396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repression of competition and the evolution of cooperation
    • Frank SA (2003) Repression of competition and the evolution of cooperation. Evolution 57: 693–705.
    • (2003) Evolution , vol.57 , pp. 693-705
    • Frank, S.A.1
  • 31
    • 71649083001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptation as organism design
    • Gardner A (2009) Adaptation as organism design. Biology Letters 5: 861.
    • (2009) Biology Letters , vol.5 , pp. 861
    • Gardner, A.1
  • 32
    • 62449101128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capturing the superorganism: A formal theory of group adaptation
    • Gardner A, Grafen A (2009) Capturing the superorganism: A formal theory of group adaptation. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22: 659–671.
    • (2009) Journal of Evolutionary Biology , vol.22 , pp. 659-671
    • Gardner, A.1    Grafen, A.2
  • 35
    • 84972048145 scopus 로고
    • Is a new and general theory of evolution emerging?
    • Gould SJ (1980) Is a new and general theory of evolution emerging? Paleobiology 6: 119–130.
    • (1980) Paleobiology , vol.6 , pp. 119-130
    • Gould, S.J.1
  • 37
    • 0141815234 scopus 로고
    • A humongous fungus among us
    • Gould SJ (1992) A humongous fungus among us. Natural History 101(7): 10–18.
    • (1992) Natural History , vol.101 , Issue.7 , pp. 10-18
    • Gould, S.J.1
  • 38
    • 0032738801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individuality and adaptation across levels of selection: How shall we name and generalize the unit of Darwinism?
    • Gould SJ, Lloyd EA (1999) Individuality and adaptation across levels of selection: How shall we name and generalize the unit of Darwinism? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 96: 11904.
    • (1999) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA , vol.96 , pp. 11904
    • Gould, S.J.1    Lloyd, E.A.2
  • 39
    • 30444444066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimization of inclusive fitness
    • Grafen A (2006) Optimization of inclusive fitness. Journal of Theoretical Biology 238: 541–563.
    • (2006) Journal of Theoretical Biology , vol.238 , pp. 541-563
    • Grafen, A.1
  • 40
    • 34250747359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The formal Darwinism project: A mid-term report
    • Grafen A (2007) The formal Darwinism project: A mid-term report. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 20: 1243–1254.
    • (2007) Journal of Evolutionary Biology , vol.20 , pp. 1243-1254
    • Grafen, A.1
  • 41
    • 58549097708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The simplest formal argument for fitness optimisation
    • Grafen A (2008) The simplest formal argument for fitness optimisation. Journal of Genetics 87: 421–433.
    • (2008) Journal of Genetics , vol.87 , pp. 421-433
    • Grafen, A.1
  • 42
    • 0010232262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development, culture, and the units of inheritance
    • Griesemer J (2000) Development, culture, and the units of inheritance. Philosophy of Science 67: 348–368.
    • (2000) Philosophy of Science , vol.67 , pp. 348-368
    • Griesemer, J.1
  • 44
    • 0002868046 scopus 로고
    • Modules, branches, and the capture of resources
    • Jackson JBC, Buss LW, Cook RE, (eds), Yale University Press, New Haven, CT
    • Harper JL (1985) Modules, branches, and the capture of resources. In: Population Biology and Evolution of Clonal Animals (Jackson JBC, Buss LW, Cook RE, eds), 1–33. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
    • (1985) Population Biology and Evolution of Clonal Animals , pp. 1-33
    • Harper, J.L.1
  • 45
    • 0033646471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary origin and consequences of uniparental mitochondrial inheritance
    • Hoekstra RF (2000) Evolutionary origin and consequences of uniparental mitochondrial inheritance. Human Reproduction 15(2): 102.
    • (2000) Human Reproduction , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 102
    • Hoekstra, R.F.1
  • 46
    • 2442624639 scopus 로고
    • A matter of individuality
    • Hull DL (1978) A matter of individuality. Philosophy of Science 45: 335–360.
    • (1978) Philosophy of Science , vol.45 , pp. 335-360
    • Hull, D.L.1
  • 50
    • 85131831032 scopus 로고
    • A Manual of the anatomy of invertebrated animals
    • Huxley TH (1878) A Manual of the anatomy of invertebrated animals. American Naturalist 12(6): 383.
    • (1878) American Naturalist , vol.12 , Issue.6 , pp. 383
    • Huxley, T.H.1
  • 52
    • 0001198329 scopus 로고
    • What are dandelions and aphids?
    • Janzen DH (1977) What are dandelions and aphids? American Naturalist 111: 586–589.
    • (1977) American Naturalist , vol.111 , pp. 586-589
    • Janzen, D.H.1
  • 53
    • 34250592895 scopus 로고
    • The concept “individual” in biology
    • Jeuken M (1952) The concept “individual” in biology. Acta Biotheoretica 10(1): 57–86.
    • (1952) Acta Biotheoretica , vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp. 57-86
    • Jeuken, M.1
  • 54
    • 0042031970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organism and character decomposition: Steps towards an integrative theory of biology
    • Laubichler MD, Wagner GP (2000) Organism and character decomposition: Steps towards an integrative theory of biology. Philosophy of Science 67: 289–300.
    • (2000) Philosophy of Science , vol.67 , pp. 289-300
    • Laubichler, M.D.1    Wagner, G.P.2
  • 58
    • 84859777244 scopus 로고
    • Transplantation and individuality
    • Loeb L (1921) Transplantation and individuality. The Biological Bulletin 40(3): 143.
    • (1921) The Biological Bulletin , vol.40 , Issue.3 , pp. 143
    • Loeb, L.1
  • 59
    • 85131822305 scopus 로고
    • The Biological Basis of Individuality
    • Loeb L (1937) The Biological Basis of Individuality. Science 73: 403–409.
    • (1937) Science , vol.73 , pp. 403-409
    • Loeb, L.1
  • 62
    • 0346576835 scopus 로고
    • Typological versus population thinking
    • Sober E, (ed), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
    • Mayr E (1994) Typological versus population thinking. In: Conceptual Issues in Evolutionary Biology (Sober E, ed), 157–160. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
    • (1994) Conceptual Issues in Evolutionary Biology , pp. 157-160
    • Mayr, E.1
  • 63
    • 0034525638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional complexity in organisms: Parts as proxies
    • McShea DW (2000) Functional complexity in organisms: Parts as proxies. Biology and Philosophy 15: 641–668.
    • (2000) Biology and Philosophy , vol.15 , pp. 641-668
    • McShea, D.W.1
  • 65
  • 67
    • 34547469582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of individuality during the transition from unicellular to multicellular life
    • Michod RE (2007) Evolution of individuality during the transition from unicellular to multicellular life. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 104(Suppl 1): 8613.
    • (2007) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA , vol.104 , Issue.1 , pp. 8613
    • Michod, R.E.1
  • 68
    • 33747245030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cooperation and conflict during evolutionary transitions in individuality
    • Michod RE, Herron MD (2006) Cooperation and conflict during evolutionary transitions in individuality. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 19: 1406–1409.
    • (2006) Journal of Evolutionary Biology , vol.19 , pp. 1406-1409
    • Michod, R.E.1    Herron, M.D.2
  • 69
    • 0042703673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the reorganization of fitness during evolutionary transitions in individuality
    • Michod RE, Nedelcu AM (2003) On the reorganization of fitness during evolutionary transitions in individuality. Integrative and Comparative Biology 43(1): 64–73.
    • (2003) Integrative and Comparative Biology , vol.43 , Issue.1 , pp. 64-73
    • Michod, R.E.1    Nedelcu, A.M.2
  • 71
    • 0034924505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cooperation and conflict in the evolution of multicellularity
    • Michod RE, Roze D (2001) Cooperation and conflict in the evolution of multicellularity. Heredity 86(1): 1–7.
    • (2001) Heredity , vol.86 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-7
    • Michod, R.E.1    Roze, D.2
  • 72
    • 4043143079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent work on the levels of selection problem
    • Okasha S (2003) Recent work on the levels of selection problem. Human Nature Review 3: 349–356.
    • (2003) Human Nature Review , vol.3 , pp. 349-356
    • Okasha, S.1
  • 75
    • 0028975796 scopus 로고
    • Hierarchical selection and fitness in modular and clonal organisms
    • Pedersen B, Tuomi J (1995) Hierarchical selection and fitness in modular and clonal organisms. Oikos 73(2): 167–180.
    • (1995) Oikos , vol.73 , Issue.2 , pp. 167-180
    • Pedersen, B.1    Tuomi, J.2
  • 76
    • 54849411047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does biology need an organism concept?
    • Pepper JW, Herron MD (2008) Does biology need an organism concept? Biological Reviews 83: 621–627.
    • (2008) Biological Reviews , vol.83 , pp. 621-627
    • Pepper, J.W.1    Herron, M.D.2
  • 78
    • 33644753085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The self model and the conception of biological identity in immunology
    • Pradeu T, Carosella ED (2006a) The self model and the conception of biological identity in immunology. Biology and Philosophy 21: 235–252.
    • (2006) Biology and Philosophy , vol.21 , pp. 235-252
    • Pradeu, T.1    Carosella, E.D.2
  • 80
    • 0000773259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review: Cooperators since life began
    • Queller DC (1997) Review: Cooperators since life began. The Quarterly Review of Biology 72(2): 184–188.
    • (1997) The Quarterly Review of Biology , vol.72 , Issue.2 , pp. 184-188
    • Queller, D.C.1
  • 84
    • 0033120616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How many kinds of individual are there?
    • Santelices B (1999) How many kinds of individual are there? Trends in Ecology & Evolution 14(4): 152–155.
    • (1999) Trends in Ecology & Evolution , vol.14 , Issue.4 , pp. 152-155
    • Santelices, B.1
  • 86
    • 0026614856 scopus 로고
    • The fungus Armillaria bulbosa is among the largest and oldest living organisms
    • Smith ML, Bruhn JN, Anderson JB (1992) The fungus Armillaria bulbosa is among the largest and oldest living organisms. Nature 356: 428–431.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.356 , pp. 428-431
    • Smith, M.L.1    Bruhn, J.N.2    Anderson, J.B.3
  • 87
    • 78650709103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Realism, conventionalism, and causal decomposition in units of selection: Reflections on Samir Okasha’s evolution and the levels of selection
    • Sober E (2010) Realism, conventionalism, and causal decomposition in units of selection: Reflections on Samir Okasha’s evolution and the levels of selection. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 82: 221–231.
    • (2010) Philosophy and Phenomenological Research , vol.82 , pp. 221-231
    • Sober, E.1
  • 93
    • 77949909556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The social organism: Congresses, parties and committees
    • Strassmann JE, Queller DC (2010) The social organism: Congresses, parties and committees. Evolution 64: 605–616.
    • (2010) Evolution , vol.64 , pp. 605-616
    • Strassmann, J.E.1    Queller, D.C.2
  • 95
    • 0842303267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategies of microbial cheater control
    • Travisano M, Velicer GJ (2004) Strategies of microbial cheater control. Trends in Microbiology 12(2): 72–78.
    • (2004) Trends in Microbiology , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 72-78
    • Travisano, M.1    Velicer, G.J.2
  • 96
    • 62749188944 scopus 로고
    • Three paradigms of evolution
    • Van Valen L (1989) Three paradigms of evolution. Evolutionary Theory 9: 1–17.
    • (1989) Evolutionary Theory , vol.9 , pp. 1-17
    • Van Valen, L.1
  • 97
    • 0030303054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproductive conflict in honey bees: A stalemate of worker egg-laying and policing
    • Visscher PK (1996) Reproductive conflict in honey bees: A stalemate of worker egg-laying and policing. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 39(4): 237–244.
    • (1996) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.39 , Issue.4 , pp. 237-244
    • Visscher, P.K.1
  • 98
    • 84963103559 scopus 로고
    • What is species selection?
    • Vrba ES (1984) What is species selection? Systematic Biology 33: 318.
    • (1984) Systematic Biology , vol.33 , pp. 318
    • Vrba, E.S.1
  • 99
    • 0034099104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Character identification in evolutionary biology: The role of the organism
    • Wagner GP, Laubichler MD (2000) Character identification in evolutionary biology: The role of the organism. Theory in Biosciences 119: 20–40.
    • (2000) Theory in Biosciences , vol.119 , pp. 20-40
    • Wagner, G.P.1    Laubichler, M.D.2
  • 100
    • 0001544538 scopus 로고
    • The continuity of the germ-plasm as the foundation of a theory of heredity
    • Poulton EB, Schön-Land S, Shipley AE, (eds), Clarendon Press, Oxford
    • Weismann A (1885) The continuity of the germ-plasm as the foundation of a theory of heredity. In: Essays Upon Heredity and Kindred Biological Problems, (Poulton EB, Schön-Land S, and Shipley AE, eds), 161–254. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
    • (1885) Essays Upon Heredity and Kindred Biological Problems , pp. 161-254
    • Weismann, A.1
  • 102
    • 71649100510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution: What is an organism?
    • West SA, Kiers ET (2009) Evolution: What is an organism? Current Biology 19: R1080–R1082.
    • (2009) Current Biology , vol.19 , pp. R1080-R1082
    • West, S.A.1    Kiers, E.T.2
  • 106
    • 0001049936 scopus 로고
    • Reintroducing group selection to the human behavioral-sciences
    • Wilson DS, Sober E (1994) Reintroducing group selection to the human behavioral-sciences. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 17: 606.
    • (1994) Behavioral and Brain Sciences , vol.17 , pp. 606
    • Wilson, D.S.1    Sober, E.2
  • 109
    • 24944566478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ontological butchery: Organism concepts and biological generalizations
    • Wilson J (2000) Ontological butchery: Organism concepts and biological generalizations. Philosophy of Science 67: 301–311.
    • (2000) Philosophy of Science , vol.67 , pp. 301-311
    • Wilson, J.1
  • 110
    • 84921853233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The biological notion of individual
    • Stanford University, Stanford, CA: August 9
    • Wilson R (2007, August 9) The biological notion of individual. In: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford, CA: Stanford University.
    • (2007) Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
    • Wilson, R.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.