메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 22, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 659-671

Capturing the superorganism: A formal theory of group adaptation

Author keywords

Formal Darwinism; Group as maximizing agent; Group selection; Inclusive fitness; Individuality; Kin selection; Levels of selection; Major transitions; Natural selection; Price equation

Indexed keywords

EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY; EVOLUTIONARY THEORY; FITNESS; GROUP SELECTION; INDIVIDUALISM; KIN SELECTION; OPTIMIZATION; POPULATION STRUCTURE;

EID: 62449101128     PISSN: 1010061X     EISSN: 14209101     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01681.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (244)

References (91)
  • 6
    • 0024184957 scopus 로고
    • Alternative formulations of multi-level selection
    • Damuth, J. Heisler, I.L. 1988. Alternative formulations of multi-level selection. Biol. Philos. 3 : 407 430.
    • (1988) Biol. Philos. , vol.3 , pp. 407-430
    • Damuth, J.1    Heisler, I.L.2
  • 10
    • 25644458375 scopus 로고
    • Social coordination and the superorganism
    • Emerson, A.E. 1932. Social coordination and the superorganism. Am. Midl. Nat. 21 : 182 209.
    • (1932) Am. Midl. Nat. , vol.21 , pp. 182-209
    • Emerson, A.E.1
  • 13
    • 4444244028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diminishing returns in social evolution: The not-so-tragic commons
    • Foster, K.R. 2004. Diminishing returns in social evolution: the not-so-tragic commons. J. Evol. Biol. 17 : 1058 1072.
    • (2004) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.17 , pp. 1058-1072
    • Foster, K.R.1
  • 14
    • 0031558892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multivariate analysis of correlated selection and kin selection, with an ESS maximization method
    • Frank, S.A. 1997. Multivariate analysis of correlated selection and kin selection, with an ESS maximization method. J. Theor. Biol. 189 : 307 316.
    • (1997) J. Theor. Biol. , vol.189 , pp. 307-316
    • Frank, S.A.1
  • 16
    • 0038707396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repression of competition and the evolution of cooperation
    • Frank, S.A. 2003. Repression of competition and the evolution of cooperation. Evolution 57 : 693 705.
    • (2003) Evolution , vol.57 , pp. 693-705
    • Frank, S.A.1
  • 17
    • 33846631335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relation between multilocus population genetics and social evolution theory
    • Gardner, A., West, S.A. Barton, N.H. 2007a. The relation between multilocus population genetics and social evolution theory. Am. Nat. 69 : 207 226.
    • (2007) Am. Nat. , vol.69 , pp. 207-226
    • Gardner, A.1    West, S.A.2    Barton, N.H.3
  • 18
    • 33947425596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spiteful soldiers and sex ratio conflict in polyembryonic parasitoid wasps
    • Gardner, A., Hardy, I.C.W., Taylor, P.D. West, S.A. 2007b. Spiteful soldiers and sex ratio conflict in polyembryonic parasitoid wasps. Am. Nat. 169 : 519 533.
    • (2007) Am. Nat. , vol.169 , pp. 519-533
    • Gardner, A.1    Hardy, I.C.W.2    Taylor, P.D.3    West, S.A.4
  • 19
    • 0027088842 scopus 로고
    • Contextual analysis of models of group selection, soft selection, hard selection, and the evolution of altruism
    • Goodnight, C.J., Schwartz, J.M. Stevens, L. 1992. Contextual analysis of models of group selection, soft selection, hard selection, and the evolution of altruism. Am. Nat. 140 : 743 761.
    • (1992) Am. Nat. , vol.140 , pp. 743-761
    • Goodnight, C.J.1    Schwartz, J.M.2    Stevens, L.3
  • 20
    • 0002729243 scopus 로고
    • A geometric view of relatedness
    • Grafen, A. 1985. A geometric view of relatedness. Oxf. Surv. Evol. Biol. 2 : 28 89.
    • (1985) Oxf. Surv. Evol. Biol. , vol.2 , pp. 28-89
    • Grafen, A.1
  • 21
    • 0033594521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formal Darwinism, the individual-as-maximising-agent analogy, and bet-hedging
    • Grafen, A. 1999. Formal Darwinism, the individual-as-maximising-agent analogy, and bet-hedging. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 266 : 799 803.
    • (1999) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.266 , pp. 799-803
    • Grafen, A.1
  • 22
    • 0034702274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developments of the Price equation and natural selection under uncertainty
    • Grafen, A. 2000. Developments of the Price equation and natural selection under uncertainty. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 267 : 1223 1227.
    • (2000) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.267 , pp. 1223-1227
    • Grafen, A.1
  • 23
    • 0036392087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A first formal link between the Price equation and an optimization program
    • Grafen, A. 2002. A first formal link between the Price equation and an optimization program. J. Theor. Biol. 217 : 75 91.
    • (2002) J. Theor. Biol. , vol.217 , pp. 75-91
    • Grafen, A.1
  • 24
    • 20344377686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fisher the evolutionary biologist
    • Grafen, A. 2003. Fisher the evolutionary biologist. J. R. Stat. Soc. 52 : 319 329.
    • (2003) J. R. Stat. Soc. , vol.52 , pp. 319-329
    • Grafen, A.1
  • 25
    • 30444444066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimization of inclusive fitness
    • Grafen, A. 2006a. Optimization of inclusive fitness. J. Theor. Biol. 238 : 541 563.
    • (2006) J. Theor. Biol. , vol.238 , pp. 541-563
    • Grafen, A.1
  • 26
    • 33745438509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A theory of Fisher's reproductive value
    • Grafen, A. 2006b. A theory of Fisher's reproductive value. J. Math. Biol. 53 : 15 60.
    • (2006) J. Math. Biol. , vol.53 , pp. 15-60
    • Grafen, A.1
  • 27
    • 34250747359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The formal Darwinism project: A mid-term report
    • Grafen, A. 2007. The formal Darwinism project: a mid-term report. J. Evol. Biol. 20 : 1243 1254.
    • (2007) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.20 , pp. 1243-1254
    • Grafen, A.1
  • 28
    • 0002281163 scopus 로고
    • Population genetics
    • Haldane, J.B.S. 1955. Population genetics. New Biol. 18 : 34 51.
    • (1955) New Biol. , vol.18 , pp. 34-51
    • Haldane, J.B.S.1
  • 29
    • 0001742381 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of altruistic behaviour
    • Hamilton, W.D. 1963. The evolution of altruistic behaviour. Am. Nat. 97 : 354 356.
    • (1963) Am. Nat. , vol.97 , pp. 354-356
    • Hamilton, W.D.1
  • 30
    • 0013770258 scopus 로고
    • The genetical evolution of social behaviour i & II
    • Hamilton, W.D. 1964. The genetical evolution of social behaviour I & II. J. Theor. Biol. 7 : 1 52.
    • (1964) J. Theor. Biol. , vol.7 , pp. 1-52
    • Hamilton, W.D.1
  • 31
    • 0014955324 scopus 로고
    • Selfish and spiteful behaviour in an evolutionary model
    • Hamilton, W.D. 1970. Selfish and spiteful behaviour in an evolutionary model. Nature 228 : 1218 1220.
    • (1970) Nature , vol.228 , pp. 1218-1220
    • Hamilton, W.D.1
  • 32
    • 0000824308 scopus 로고
    • Altruism and related phenomena, mainly in the social insects
    • Hamilton, W.D. 1972. Altruism and related phenomena, mainly in the social insects. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 3 : 193 232.
    • (1972) Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , vol.3 , pp. 193-232
    • Hamilton, W.D.1
  • 33
    • 0001958326 scopus 로고
    • Innate social aptitudes of man: An approach from evolutionary genetics
    • In. R. Fox. ed. pp. Malaby Press. London.
    • Hamilton, W.D. 1975. Innate social aptitudes of man: an approach from evolutionary genetics. In : Biosocial Anthropology (R. Fox, ed pp. 133 153. Malaby Press, London.
    • (1975) Biosocial Anthropology , pp. 133-153
    • Hamilton, W.D.1
  • 35
    • 0023511236 scopus 로고
    • A method for analyzing selection in hierarchically structured populations
    • Heisler, I.L. Damuth, J. 1987. A method for analyzing selection in hierarchically structured populations. Am. Nat. 130 : 582 602.
    • (1987) Am. Nat. , vol.130 , pp. 582-602
    • Heisler, I.L.1    Damuth, J.2
  • 41
    • 0017652015 scopus 로고
    • How does selection reconcile individual advantage?
    • Leigh, E.G., Jr. 1977. How does selection reconcile individual advantage? Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 74 : 4542 4546.
    • (1977) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.74 , pp. 4542-4546
    • Leigh Jr., E.G.1
  • 42
    • 10144256213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altruism revisited
    • Lloyd, E.A. 1999. Altruism revisited. Q. Rev. Biol. 74 : 447 449.
    • (1999) Q. Rev. Biol. , vol.74 , pp. 447-449
    • Lloyd, E.A.1
  • 44
    • 62449122099 scopus 로고
    • Republished in translation as "The soul of the white ant" (1937). Methuen. London.
    • Marais, E. 1925. Die siel van die mier. Republished in translation as "The soul of the white ant" (1937), Methuen, London.
    • (1925) Die Siel Van Die Mier.
    • Marais, E.1
  • 46
    • 0000841452 scopus 로고
    • Group selection and kin selection
    • Maynard Smith, J. 1964. Group selection and kin selection. Nature 201 : 1145 1147.
    • (1964) Nature , vol.201 , pp. 1145-1147
    • Maynard Smith, J.1
  • 47
    • 0000550254 scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary progress and levels of selection
    • In. M.H. Nitecki. ed. pp. University of Chicago Press. Chicago, IL.
    • Maynard Smith, J. 1988. Evolutionary progress and levels of selection. In : Evolutionary Progress (M.H. Nitecki, ed pp. 219 230. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
    • (1988) Evolutionary Progress , pp. 219-230
    • Maynard Smith, J.1
  • 49
    • 34547469582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of individuality during the transition from unicellular to multicellular life
    • Michod, R.E. 2007. Evolution of individuality during the transition from unicellular to multicellular life. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104 : 8613 8618.
    • (2007) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.104 , pp. 8613-8618
    • Michod, R.E.1
  • 51
    • 0004202898 scopus 로고
    • Reprinted 2006, by Oxford University Press. Wilks and Taylor. London.
    • Paley, W. 1802. Natural Theology (Reprinted 2006, by Oxford University Press Wilks and Taylor, London.
    • (1802) Natural Theology
    • Paley, W.1
  • 52
    • 0014830535 scopus 로고
    • Selection and covariance
    • Price, G.R. 1970. Selection and covariance. Nature 227 : 520 521.
    • (1970) Nature , vol.227 , pp. 520-521
    • Price, G.R.1
  • 53
    • 0015330403 scopus 로고
    • Extension of covariance selection mathematics
    • Price, G.R. 1972a. Extension of covariance selection mathematics. Ann. Hum. Genet. 35 : 485 490.
    • (1972) Ann. Hum. Genet. , vol.35 , pp. 485-490
    • Price, G.R.1
  • 54
    • 0015426505 scopus 로고
    • Fisher's 'fundamental theorem' made clear
    • Price, G.R. 1972b. Fisher's 'fundamental theorem' made clear. Ann. Hum. Genet. 36 : 129 140.
    • (1972) Ann. Hum. Genet. , vol.36 , pp. 129-140
    • Price, G.R.1
  • 55
    • 0015362254 scopus 로고
    • Fisher's Malthusian parameter and reproductive value
    • Price, G.R. Smith, C.A.B. 1972. Fisher's Malthusian parameter and reproductive value. Ann. Hum. Genet. 36 : 1 7.
    • (1972) Ann. Hum. Genet. , vol.36 , pp. 1-7
    • Price, G.R.1    Smith, C.A.B.2
  • 56
    • 0000773259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cooperators since life began
    • Queller, D.C. 1997. Cooperators since life began. Q. Rev. Biol. 72 : 184 188.
    • (1997) Q. Rev. Biol. , vol.72 , pp. 184-188
    • Queller, D.C.1
  • 57
    • 0034731032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relatedness and the fraternal major transitions
    • Queller, D.C. 2000. Relatedness and the fraternal major transitions. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 355 : 1647 1655.
    • (2000) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.355 , pp. 1647-1655
    • Queller, D.C.1
  • 58
    • 0024252125 scopus 로고
    • Reproductive harmony via mutual policing by workers in eusocial hymenoptera
    • Ratnieks, F.L.W. 1988. Reproductive harmony via mutual policing by workers in eusocial hymenoptera. Am. Nat. 132 : 217 236.
    • (1988) Am. Nat. , vol.132 , pp. 217-236
    • Ratnieks, F.L.W.1
  • 59
    • 0024929450 scopus 로고
    • Worker policing in the honeybee
    • Ratnieks, F.L.W. Visscher, P.K. 1989. Worker policing in the honeybee. Nature 342 : 796 797.
    • (1989) Nature , vol.342 , pp. 796-797
    • Ratnieks, F.L.W.1    Visscher, P.K.2
  • 60
    • 34547431685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The emergence of a superorganism through intergroup competition
    • Reeve, H.K. Hölldobler, B. 2007. The emergence of a superorganism through intergroup competition. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104 : 9736 9740.
    • (2007) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.104 , pp. 9736-9740
    • Reeve, H.K.1    Hölldobler, B.2
  • 61
    • 0001934292 scopus 로고
    • The spectrum of genetic variation
    • In. R.C. Lewontin. ed. pp. Syracuse University Press. Syracuse, NY.
    • Robertson, A. 1968. The spectrum of genetic variation. In : Population Biology and Evolution (R.C. Lewontin, ed pp. 5 16. Syracuse University Press, Syracuse, NY.
    • (1968) Population Biology and Evolution , pp. 5-16
    • Robertson, A.1
  • 63
    • 0024894535 scopus 로고
    • The honey bee colony as a superorganism
    • Seeley, T.D. 1989. The honey bee colony as a superorganism. Am. Sci. 77 : 546 553.
    • (1989) Am. Sci. , vol.77 , pp. 546-553
    • Seeley, T.D.1
  • 64
    • 0030820905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Honey bee colonies are group-level adaptive units
    • Seeley, T.D. 1997. Honey bee colonies are group-level adaptive units. Am. Nat. 150 : S22 S41.
    • (1997) Am. Nat. , vol.150
    • Seeley, T.D.1
  • 65
    • 0031725610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thinking about bacterial populations as multicellular organisms
    • Shapiro, J.A. 1998. Thinking about bacterial populations as multicellular organisms. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 52 : 81 104.
    • (1998) Ann. Rev. Microbiol. , vol.52 , pp. 81-104
    • Shapiro, J.A.1
  • 68
    • 34848847796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are we stalled part way through a major evolutionary transition from individual to group?
    • Stearns, S.C. 2007. Are we stalled part way through a major evolutionary transition from individual to group? Evolution 61 : 2275 2280.
    • (2007) Evolution , vol.61 , pp. 2275-2280
    • Stearns, S.C.1
  • 69
    • 0028987952 scopus 로고
    • The major evolutionary transitions
    • Szathmáry, E. Maynard Smith, J. 1995. The major evolutionary transitions. Nature 374 : 227 232.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.374 , pp. 227-232
    • Szathmáry, E.1    Maynard Smith, J.2
  • 70
    • 0002189001 scopus 로고
    • Allele-frequency change in an class-structured population
    • Taylor, P.D. 1990. Allele-frequency change in an class-structured population. Am. Nat. 135 : 95 106.
    • (1990) Am. Nat. , vol.135 , pp. 95-106
    • Taylor, P.D.1
  • 71
    • 0029693941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inclusive fitness arguments in genetic models of behaviour
    • Taylor, P.D. 1996. Inclusive fitness arguments in genetic models of behaviour. J. Math. Biol. 34 : 654 674.
    • (1996) J. Math. Biol. , vol.34 , pp. 654-674
    • Taylor, P.D.1
  • 72
    • 0029948439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How to make a kin selection model
    • Taylor, P.D. Frank, S.A. 1996. How to make a kin selection model. J. Theor. Biol. 180 : 27 37.
    • (1996) J. Theor. Biol. , vol.180 , pp. 27-37
    • Taylor, P.D.1    Frank, S.A.2
  • 73
    • 33845688657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct fitness or inclusive fitness: How shall we model kin selection?
    • Taylor, P.D., Wild, G. Gardner, A. 2007. Direct fitness or inclusive fitness: how shall we model kin selection? J. Evol. Biol. 20 : 296 304.
    • (2007) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.20 , pp. 296-304
    • Taylor, P.D.1    Wild, G.2    Gardner, A.3
  • 74
    • 0017313688 scopus 로고
    • Haplodiploidy and the evolution of the social insects
    • Trivers, R.L. Hare, H. 1976. Haplodiploidy and the evolution of the social insects. Science 191 : 249 263.
    • (1976) Science , vol.191 , pp. 249-263
    • Trivers, R.L.1    Hare, H.2
  • 75
    • 0022180244 scopus 로고
    • Soft selection, hard selection, kin selection, and group selection
    • Wade, M.J. 1985. Soft selection, hard selection, kin selection, and group selection. Am. Nat. 125 : 61 73.
    • (1985) Am. Nat. , vol.125 , pp. 61-73
    • Wade, M.J.1
  • 77
    • 33750601326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enforced altruism in insect societies
    • Wenseleers, T. Ratnieks, F.L.W. 2006. Enforced altruism in insect societies. Nature 444 : 50.
    • (2006) Nature , vol.444 , pp. 50
    • Wenseleers, T.1    Ratnieks, F.L.W.2
  • 78
    • 0037594713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caste fate conflict in swarm-founding social Hymenoptera: An inclusive fitness analysis
    • Wenseleers, T., Ratnieks, F.L.W. Billen, J. 2003. Caste fate conflict in swarm-founding social Hymenoptera: an inclusive fitness analysis. J. Evol. Biol. 16 : 647 658.
    • (2003) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.16 , pp. 647-658
    • Wenseleers, T.1    Ratnieks, F.L.W.2    Billen, J.3
  • 79
    • 18044366531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When resistance is useless: Policing and the evolution of reproductive acquiescence in insect societies
    • Wenseleers, T., Hart, A.G. Ratnieks, F.L.W. 2004a. When resistance is useless: policing and the evolution of reproductive acquiescence in insect societies. Am. Nat. 164 : 154 167.
    • (2004) Am. Nat. , vol.164 , pp. 154-167
    • Wenseleers, T.1    Hart, A.G.2    Ratnieks, F.L.W.3
  • 80
    • 4444347972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Worker reproduction and policing in insect societies. An ESS analysis
    • Wenseleers, T., Helantera, H., Hart, A.G. Ratnieks, F.L.W. 2004b. Worker reproduction and policing in insect societies. An ESS analysis. J. Evol. Biol. 17 : 1035 1047.
    • (2004) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.17 , pp. 1035-1047
    • Wenseleers, T.1    Helantera, H.2    Hart, A.G.3    Ratnieks, F.L.W.4
  • 81
    • 33847019914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social semantics: Altruism, cooperation, mutualism, strong reciprocity and group selection
    • West, S.A., Griffin, A.S. Gardner, A. 2007. Social semantics: altruism, cooperation, mutualism, strong reciprocity and group selection. J. Evol. Biol. 20 : 415 432.
    • (2007) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.20 , pp. 415-432
    • West, S.A.1    Griffin, A.S.2    Gardner, A.3
  • 82
    • 37149000553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social semantics: How useful has group selection been?
    • West, S.A., Griffin, A.S. Gardner, A. 2008. Social semantics: how useful has group selection been? J. Evol. Biol. 21 : 374 385.
    • (2008) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.21 , pp. 374-385
    • West, S.A.1    Griffin, A.S.2    Gardner, A.3
  • 83
    • 84980099844 scopus 로고
    • The ant-colony as an organism
    • Wheeler, W.M. 1911. The ant-colony as an organism. J. Morphol. 22 : 307 325.
    • (1911) J. Morphol. , vol.22 , pp. 307-325
    • Wheeler, W.M.1
  • 86
    • 0542432939 scopus 로고
    • A theory of group selection
    • Wilson, D.S. 1975. A theory of group selection. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 72 : 143 146.
    • (1975) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.72 , pp. 143-146
    • Wilson, D.S.1
  • 88
    • 0024964245 scopus 로고
    • Reviving the superorganism
    • Wilson, D.S. Sober, E. 1989. Reviving the superorganism. J. Theor. Biol. 136 : 337 356.
    • (1989) J. Theor. Biol. , vol.136 , pp. 337-356
    • Wilson, D.S.1    Sober, E.2
  • 89
    • 37149047397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rethinking the theoretical foundation of sociobiology
    • Wilson, D.S. Wilson, E.O. 2007. Rethinking the theoretical foundation of sociobiology. Q. Rev. Biol. 82 : 327 348.
    • (2007) Q. Rev. Biol. , vol.82 , pp. 327-348
    • Wilson, D.S.1    Wilson, E.O.2
  • 91
    • 0027296097 scopus 로고
    • A rationale for group selection
    • Wynne-Edwards, V.C. 1993. A rationale for group selection. J. Theor. Biol. 162 : 1 22.
    • (1993) J. Theor. Biol. , vol.162 , pp. 1-22
    • Wynne-Edwards, V.C.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.