Social origin, schooling and individual change in intelligence during childhood influence long-term mortality: A 68-year follow-up study

International Journal of Epidemiology

Volumn 41, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 398-404

  Lager, Anton C J ^a,b   Modin, Bitte E ^a   De stavola, Bianca L ^c   Vågerö, Denny H ^a  

^a STOCKHOLM UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^b KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

^c LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Adolescent; Child; Child development; Intelligence; Mortality; Parents; Public health; Socioeconomic factors

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENCE; AGE STRUCTURE; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; CHILD MORTALITY; HEALTH EDUCATION; LONG-TERM CHANGE; PUBLIC HEALTH; SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS; SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS;

ADULT; ADULTHOOD; AGED; ARTICLE; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; COHORT ANALYSIS; EDUCATION; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; FATHER; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; INDIVIDUALITY; INTELLIGENCE; INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SOCIAL ASPECT; SOCIAL BACKGROUND; SOCIAL STATUS; SWEDEN;

ADULT; AGED; CHILD; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; INTELLIGENCE; INTELLIGENCE TESTS; LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; MORTALITY; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS; RISK FACTORS; SOCIAL CLASS; SWEDEN;

SWEDEN;

EID: 84859641244     PISSN: 03005771     EISSN: 14643685     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyr139     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Batty GD, Deary IJ, Gottfredson LS. Premorbid (early life) IQ and later mortality risk: systematic review. Ann Epidemiol 2007;17:278-88.
2. Lager A, Bremberg S, Vågerö D. The association of early IQ and education with mortality: 65 year longitudinal study in Malmö, Sweden. BMJ 2009;339:b5282.
3. Batty GD, Mortensen LH, Gale CR, Shipley MJ, Roberts BA, Deary IJ. IQ in late adolescence/early adulthood, risk factors in middle age, and later cancer mortality in men: the Vietnam Experience Study. Psychooncology 2009;18:1122-26.
4. Moran P, Klinteberg BA, Batty GD, Vågerö D. Brief report: childhood intelligence predicts hospitalization with personality disorder in adulthood: evidence from a population-based study in Sweden. J Personal Disord 2009; 23:535-40.
5. Koenen KC, Moffitt TE, Roberts AL et al. Childhood IQ and adult mental disorders: a test of the cognitive reserve hypothesis. Am J Psychiatry 2009;166:50-57.
6. Der G, Batty GD, Deary IJ. The association between IQ in adolescence and a range of health outcomes at 40 in the 1979 US National Longitudinal Study of Youth. Intelligence 2009;37:573-80.
7. Cliffordson C, Gustafsson J-E. Effects of age and schooling on intellectual performance: Estimates obtained from analysis of continuous variation in age and length of schooling. Intelligence 2008;36:143-52.
8. Husén T. The influence of schooling upon IQ. Theoria 1951;17:61-88.
9. Ceci SJ. How much does schooling influence general intelligence and its cognitive components? A reassessment of the evidence. Dev Psychol 1991;27:703-22.
10. Gustafsson J. Schooling and intelligence: Effects of track of study on level and profile of cognitive abilities. Int Edu J 2001;2:166.
11. Batty GD, Kivimaki M, Deary IJ. Intelligence, education, and mortality. BMJ 2010;340:c563.
12. Lager A, Bremberg S, Vågerö D. Intelligence and mortality. Only ignorance stops progress. BMJ 2010;340:c2765.
13. Neisser U, Boodoo G, Thomas J et al. Intelligence: knowns and unknowns. Am Psychol 1996;51:77-101.
14. Mackenbach JP, Stirbu I, Roskam AJ et al. Socioeconomic inequalities in health in 22 European countries. N Engl J Med 2008;358:2468-81.
15. Geyer S, Hemstrom O, Peter R, Vågerö D. Education, income, and occupational class cannot be used interchangeably in social epidemiology. Empirical evidence against a common practice. J Epidemiol Community Health 2006;60:804-10.
16. Husén T. Testresultatens prognosvärde [Prognostic value of the test results] (Swedish). Stockholm: Geber, 1950.
17. Hallgren S. Intelligens och miljö samt en del därmed sammanha ̈ngande problem: En experimentell undersökning av barn i tredje skolåret vid Malmö folkskolor och privata skolor, I-II [Intelligence, environment and related Problems] (in Swedish) [unpublished licentiate thesis]. Malmö, 1939.
18. Binet A, Simon TA. Méthode nouvelle pour le diagnostic du niveau intellectuel des anormaux [New method for the diagnosis of the intellectual level of subnormals] (French). L'Année Psychologique 1905;11:191-244.
19. Stern LW. Die Intelligenz der Kinder und Jugendlichen und Methoden ihrer Untersuchung [The intelligence of children and adolescents, and methods of its investigation](German). Leipzig: Barth, 1920.
20. Lämmermann H. Bericht über die Eichung einer Serie von Gruppentests für Acht- bis Vierzehnjährige Volksschüler [Report about the gauging of a series of group tests for eight- to fourteen-year-old elementary school students] (German). Zeitschrift für angewandte Psychologie 1926;27:1-47.
21. Koskenniemi M, Grenquist P. Kokeita suomalaisilla joukkotesteillä 1; [Experiment with Group Tests 1] (in Finnish). Kasvatus ja Koulu 1934.
22. Anderberg R. Experimentell intelligensundersökning [Experimental intelligence testing] (Swedish). 3rd edn. Uppsala: Lindblad, 1944.
23. Husén T, Emanuelsson I. Talent, opportunity and career: A twenty-six year follow-up of 1500 individuals. Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell, 1969.
24. Carlstedt B. Cognitive abilities - aspects of structure, process and measurement. Göteborg: Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, 2000.
25. Fägerlind I. Formal education and adult earnings: A longitudinal study on the economic benefits of education. Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell International, 1975.
26. Lucas A, Fewtrell MS, Cole TJ. Fetal origins of adult disease - the hypothesis revisited. BMJ 1999;319:245-49.
27. Ng'andu NH. An empirical comparison of statistical tests for assessing the proportional hazards assumption of Cox's model. Stat Med 1997;16:611-26.
28. Dempster AP, Laird NM, Rubin DB. Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via EM algorithm. J R Stat Soc Ser B 1977;39:1-38.
29. Little RJA, Rubin DB. The analysis of social-science data with missing values. Sociol Methods Res 1989;18:292-326.
30. Akaike H. New look at statistical-model identification. IEEE Trans Autom Control 1974;19:716-23.
31. Shipley BA, Der G, Taylor MD, Deary IJ. Association between mortality and cognitive change over 7 years in a large representative sample of UK residents. Psychosom Med 2007;69:640-50.
32. Guo G, Harris KM. The mechanisms mediating the effects of poverty on children's intellectual development. Demography 2000;37:431-47.
33. Deary IJ, Penke L, Johnson W. The neuroscience of human intelligence differences. Nat Rev Neurosci 2010;11: 201-11.