메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 94, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 45-65

PCD Risk 1: A tool for assessing and reducing ecological risks of hatchery operations in freshwater

Author keywords

Competition; Disease; Ecological risk; Hatchery risk; Predation; Risk reduction

Indexed keywords

COMPUTER SIMULATION; DISEASE INCIDENCE; ENVIRONMENTAL RISK; FRESHWATER; HATCHERY; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; MORTALITY; PREDATION; PROBABILITY; RISK ASSESSMENT; SALMONID; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; SMOLT; WATER TEMPERATURE; WILD POPULATION;

EID: 84859640567     PISSN: 03781909     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10641-011-9926-8     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (4)

References (68)
  • 1
    • 0022171818 scopus 로고
    • The interaction of size and experience in dominance relationships of juvenile steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri)
    • Abbott JC, Dunbrack RL, Orr CD (1985) The interaction of size and experience in dominance relationships of juvenile steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri). Behaviour 92: 241-253.
    • (1985) Behaviour , vol.92 , pp. 241-253
    • Abbott, J.C.1    Dunbrack, R.L.2    Orr, C.D.3
  • 2
    • 0002641327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune-endocrine interactions
    • G. K. Iwama, A. D. Pickering, J. P. Sumpter, and C. B. Schreck (Eds.), Society for experimental biology seminar series: 62. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Balm PHM (1997) Immune-endocrine interactions. In: Iwama GK, Pickering AD, Sumpter JP, Schreck CB (eds) Fish stress and health in aquaculture. Society for experimental biology seminar series: 62. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 195-221.
    • (1997) Fish Stress and Health in Aquaculture , pp. 195-221
    • Balm, P.H.M.1
  • 3
    • 0001096979 scopus 로고
    • Corroboration of a bioenergetics model for sockeye-salmon
    • Beauchamp DA, Stewart DJ, Thomas GL (1989) Corroboration of a bioenergetics model for sockeye-salmon. Trans Am Fish Soc 118: 597-607.
    • (1989) Trans Am Fish Soc , vol.118 , pp. 597-607
    • Beauchamp, D.A.1    Stewart, D.J.2    Thomas, G.L.3
  • 4
    • 0030419505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of hatchery and wild ancestry and rearing environments on the development of agonistic behavior in steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry
    • Berejikian BA, Mathews SB, Quinn TP (1996) Effects of hatchery and wild ancestry and rearing environments on the development of agonistic behavior in steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 53: 2004-2014.
    • (1996) Can J Fish Aquat Sci , vol.53 , pp. 2004-2014
    • Berejikian, B.A.1    Mathews, S.B.2    Quinn, T.P.3
  • 5
    • 0027796778 scopus 로고
    • The significance of diseases and anomalies in wild salmonids
    • Bucke D (1993) The significance of diseases and anomalies in wild salmonids. Fish Res 17: 209-217.
    • (1993) Fish Res , vol.17 , pp. 209-217
    • Bucke, D.1
  • 7
    • 0000808428 scopus 로고
    • Aggressive behavior in juvenile coho salmon as a cause of emigration
    • Chapman DW (1962) Aggressive behavior in juvenile coho salmon as a cause of emigration. J Fish Res Board Can 19: 1047-1081.
    • (1962) J Fish Res Board Can , vol.19 , pp. 1047-1081
    • Chapman, D.W.1
  • 8
    • 0000374926 scopus 로고
    • Interactions between native brook trout and hatchery brown trout: Effects on habitat use, feeding and growth
    • DeWald L, Wilzbach MA (1992) Interactions between native brook trout and hatchery brown trout: effects on habitat use, feeding and growth. Trans Am Fish Soc 121: 287-296.
    • (1992) Trans Am Fish Soc , vol.121 , pp. 287-296
    • Dewald, L.1    Wilzbach, M.A.2
  • 9
    • 0002348141 scopus 로고
    • Habitat selection and spatial interaction by juvenile chinook salmon and steelhead trout in two Idaho streams
    • Everest FH, Chapman DW (1972) Habitat selection and spatial interaction by juvenile chinook salmon and steelhead trout in two Idaho streams. J Fish Res Board Can 29: 91-100.
    • (1972) J Fish Res Board Can , vol.29 , pp. 91-100
    • Everest, F.H.1    Chapman, D.W.2
  • 10
    • 0002122290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of competition and predation in the decline of Pacific salmon and steelhead
    • D. J. Stouder, P. A. Bisson, and R. J. Naiman (Eds.), New York: Chapman and Hall
    • Fresh KL (1997) The role of competition and predation in the decline of Pacific salmon and steelhead. In: Stouder DJ, Bisson PA, Naiman RJ (eds) Pacific salmon and their ecosystems: Status and future options. Chapman and Hall, New York, pp 245-275.
    • (1997) Pacific Salmon and Their Ecosystems: Status and Future Options , pp. 245-275
    • Fresh, K.L.1
  • 11
    • 0008687459 scopus 로고
    • Management considerations in stocking of diseased or carrier fish
    • R. H. Stroud (Ed.), Bethesda: American Fisheries Society
    • Goede RW (1986) Management considerations in stocking of diseased or carrier fish. In: Stroud RH (ed) Fish culture in fisheries management. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, pp 349-355.
    • (1986) Fish Culture in Fisheries Management , pp. 349-355
    • Goede, R.W.1
  • 12
    • 0035322029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A practical approach for containing ecologicalrisks associated with fish stocking programs
    • Ham KD, Pearsons TN (2001) A practical approach for containing ecologicalrisks associated with fish stocking programs. Fisheries 25(4): 15-23.
    • (2001) Fisheries , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 15-23
    • Ham, K.D.1    Pearsons, T.N.2
  • 14
    • 0022855787 scopus 로고
    • Size selectivity of coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) preying on juvenile chum salmon (O. keta)
    • Hargreaves NB, LeBrasseur RJ (1986) Size selectivity of coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) preying on juvenile chum salmon (O. keta). Can J Fish Aquat Sci 43: 581-586.
    • (1986) Can J Fish Aquat Sci , vol.43 , pp. 581-586
    • Hargreaves, N.B.1    Lebrasseur, R.J.2
  • 15
    • 0000748881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predation by juvenile hatchery salmonids on wild fall chinook salmon fry in the Lewis River, Washington
    • Hawkins SW, Tipping JM (1999) Predation by juvenile hatchery salmonids on wild fall chinook salmon fry in the Lewis River, Washington. Cal Fish Game 85(3): 124-129.
    • (1999) Cal Fish Game , vol.85 , Issue.3 , pp. 124-129
    • Hawkins, S.W.1    Tipping, J.M.2
  • 17
    • 0036206794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of visual isolation on territory size and population density of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
    • Imre I, Grant JWW, Keeley ER (2002) The effect of visual isolation on territory size and population density of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Can J Fish Aquat Sci 59: 303-309.
    • (2002) Can J Fish Aquat Sci , vol.59 , pp. 303-309
    • Imre, I.1    Grant, J.W.W.2    Keeley, E.R.3
  • 18
    • 0038547758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cumulative effects of natural and anthropogenic stress on immune function and disease resistance in juvenile chinook salmon
    • Jacobsen KC, Arkoosh MR, Kagley AN, Clemons ER, Collier TK, Casillas E (2003) Cumulative effects of natural and anthropogenic stress on immune function and disease resistance in juvenile chinook salmon. J Aquat Anim Health 15: 1-12.
    • (2003) J Aquat Anim Health , vol.15 , pp. 1-12
    • Jacobsen, K.C.1    Arkoosh, M.R.2    Kagley, A.N.3    Clemons, E.R.4    Collier, T.K.5    Casillas, E.6
  • 20
    • 0002226995 scopus 로고
    • Observations in a stream tank of territoriality and competition in juvenile salmon and trout (Salmo salar L. and S. trutta L.)
    • Kalleberg H (1958) Observations in a stream tank of territoriality and competition in juvenile salmon and trout (Salmo salar L. and S. trutta L.). Inst Freshw Res Drottningholm Rep 39: 55-98.
    • (1958) Inst Freshw Res Drottningholm Rep , vol.39 , pp. 55-98
    • Kalleberg, H.1
  • 21
    • 59649122002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors that contribute to the ecological risks of salmon and steelhead hatchery programs and some mitigating strategies
    • doi: 10. 1007/s11160-008-9087-9
    • Kostow K (2008) Factors that contribute to the ecological risks of salmon and steelhead hatchery programs and some mitigating strategies. Rev Fish Biol Fisheries. doi: 10. 1007/s11160-008-9087-9.
    • (2008) Rev Fish Biol Fisheries
    • Kostow, K.1
  • 22
    • 0026270794 scopus 로고
    • Ecological and genetic effects of salmonid introductions in North America
    • Krueger CC, May B (1991) Ecological and genetic effects of salmonid introductions in North America. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 48(supplement 1): 66-77.
    • (1991) Can J Fish Aquat Sci , vol.48 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 66-77
    • Krueger, C.C.1    May, B.2
  • 23
    • 0029657741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Size-dependent effects of continuous and intermittent feeding on starvation time and mass loss in starving yellow perch larvae and juveniles
    • Letcher BH, Rice JA, Crowder LB, Binkowski FP (1996) Size-dependent effects of continuous and intermittent feeding on starvation time and mass loss in starving yellow perch larvae and juveniles. Trans Am Fish Soc 125: 14-26.
    • (1996) Trans Am Fish Soc , vol.125 , pp. 14-26
    • Letcher, B.H.1    Rice, J.A.2    Crowder, L.B.3    Binkowski, F.P.4
  • 24
    • 0000071916 scopus 로고
    • Impacts of hatchery stocks on wild fish populations
    • R. H. Stroud (Ed.), Bethesda: American Fisheries Society, Fish Culture Section and Fisheries Management Section
    • Marnell LF (1986) Impacts of hatchery stocks on wild fish populations. In: Stroud RH (ed) Fish culture in fisheries management. American Fisheries Society, Fish Culture Section and Fisheries Management Section, Bethesda, pp 339-347.
    • (1986) Fish Culture in Fisheries Management , pp. 339-347
    • Marnell, L.F.1
  • 25
    • 0006589711 scopus 로고
    • Investigations of the interactions among hatchery reared summer steelhead, rainbow trout, and wild spring chinook salmon in southeast Washington
    • Washington Department of Wildlife, Report #93-4, Olympia, Washington
    • Martin SW, Viola AE, Schuck ML (1993) Investigations of the interactions among hatchery reared summer steelhead, rainbow trout, and wild spring chinook salmon in southeast Washington. Washington Department of Wildlife, Report #93-4, Olympia, Washington.
    • (1993)
    • Martin, S.W.1    Viola, A.E.2    Schuck, M.L.3
  • 26
    • 0024587545 scopus 로고
    • Stress alters immune function and disease resistance in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
    • Maule AG, Tripp RA, Kaattari SL, Schreck CB (1989) Stress alters immune function and disease resistance in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). J Endocrinol 120: 135-142.
    • (1989) J Endocrinol , vol.120 , pp. 135-142
    • Maule, A.G.1    Tripp, R.A.2    Kaattari, S.L.3    Schreck, C.B.4
  • 27
    • 0033428976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral interactions among hatchery-reared steelhead smolts and wild Oncorhynchus mykiss in natural streams
    • McMichael GA, Pearsons TN, Leider SA (1999a) Behavioral interactions among hatchery-reared steelhead smolts and wild Oncorhynchus mykiss in natural streams. N Am J Fish Manag 19: 948-956.
    • (1999) N Am J Fish Manag , vol.19 , pp. 948-956
    • McMichael, G.A.1    Pearsons, T.N.2    Leider, S.A.3
  • 28
    • 0006603980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minimizing ecological impacts of hatchery-reared juvenile steelhead on wild salmonids in a Yakima basin tributary
    • E. Knudson (Ed.), Boca Raton: CRC
    • McMichael GA, Pearsons TN, Leider SA (1999b) Minimizing ecological impacts of hatchery-reared juvenile steelhead on wild salmonids in a Yakima basin tributary. In: Knudson E et al (eds) Sustainable fisheries management: pacific salmon. CRC, Boca Raton, pp 365-380.
    • (1999) Sustainable Fisheries Management: Pacific Salmon , pp. 365-380
    • McMichael, G.A.1    Pearsons, T.N.2    Leider, S.A.3
  • 29
    • 0028976897 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic rate, social status and life-history strategies in Atlantic salmon
    • Metcalfe NB, Tayler AC, Thorpe JE (1995) Metabolic rate, social status and life-history strategies in Atlantic salmon. Anim Behav 49: 431-436.
    • (1995) Anim Behav , vol.49 , pp. 431-436
    • Metcalfe, N.B.1    Tayler, A.C.2    Thorpe, J.E.3
  • 30
    • 0342539302 scopus 로고
    • Transmission of bacterial kidney disease from wild to stocked hatchery trout
    • Mitchum DL, Sherman LE (1981) Transmission of bacterial kidney disease from wild to stocked hatchery trout. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 38: 547-551.
    • (1981) Can J Fish Aquat Sci , vol.38 , pp. 547-551
    • Mitchum, D.L.1    Sherman, L.E.2
  • 31
    • 0000400624 scopus 로고
    • Invasive cohorts-impacts of hatchery-reared coho salmon on the trophic, developmental and genetic ecology of wild stocks
    • D. J. Stouder, K. L. Fresh, and R. Feller (Eds.), Columbia: University of South Carolina Press
    • Nielsen JL (1994) Invasive cohorts-impacts of hatchery-reared coho salmon on the trophic, developmental and genetic ecology of wild stocks. In: Stouder DJ, Fresh KL, Feller R (eds) Theory and application in fish feeding ecology. University of South Carolina Press, Columbia, pp 361-385.
    • (1994) Theory and Application in Fish Feeding Ecology , pp. 361-385
    • Nielsen, J.L.1
  • 32
    • 53849104290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Misconception, reality, and uncertainty about ecological interactions and risks between hatchery and wild salmonids
    • Pearsons TN (2008) Misconception, reality, and uncertainty about ecological interactions and risks between hatchery and wild salmonids. Fisheries 33(6): 278-290.
    • (2008) Fisheries , vol.33 , Issue.6 , pp. 278-290
    • Pearsons, T.N.1
  • 33
    • 74549192826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Operating hatcheries within an ecosystem context using the adaptive stocking concept
    • Pearsons TN (2010) Operating hatcheries within an ecosystem context using the adaptive stocking concept. Fisheries 35(1): 23-31.
    • (2010) Fisheries , vol.35 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-31
    • Pearsons, T.N.1
  • 34
    • 0032991362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maximum size of Chinook salmon consumed by juvenile coho salmon
    • Pearsons TN, Fritts AL (1999) Maximum size of Chinook salmon consumed by juvenile coho salmon. N Am J Fish Manag 19(1): 165-170.
    • (1999) N Am J Fish Manag , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 165-170
    • Pearsons, T.N.1    Fritts, A.L.2
  • 35
    • 0038930979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A practical approach for assessing ecological risks associated with fish stocking programs
    • Pearsons TN, Hopley CW (1999) A practical approach for assessing ecological risks associated with fish stocking programs. Fisheries 24(9): 16-23.
    • (1999) Fisheries , vol.24 , Issue.9 , pp. 16-23
    • Pearsons, T.N.1    Hopley, C.W.2
  • 36
    • 34547909268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of hatchery domestication on competitive dominance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
    • Pearsons TN, Fritts AL, Scott JL (2007) The effects of hatchery domestication on competitive dominance of juvenile spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Can J Fish Aquat Sci 64: 803-812.
    • (2007) Can J Fish Aquat Sci , vol.64 , pp. 803-812
    • Pearsons, T.N.1    Fritts, A.L.2    Scott, J.L.3
  • 37
    • 84859633993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological risk assessment of multiple hatchery programs in the upper Columbia watershed using Delphi and modeling approaches
    • doi: 10. 1007/s10641-011-9884-1
    • Pearsons TN, Murdoch AR, Mackey G, Murdoch KG, Hillman TW, Cooper MR, Miller JL (2011) Ecological risk assessment of multiple hatchery programs in the upper Columbia watershed using Delphi and modeling approaches. Environ Biol Fish. doi: 10. 1007/s10641-011-9884-1.
    • (2011) Environ Biol Fish
    • Pearsons, T.N.1    Murdoch, A.R.2    Mackey, G.3    Murdoch, K.G.4    Hillman, T.W.5    Cooper, M.R.6    Miller, J.L.7
  • 39
    • 0002276980 scopus 로고
    • Changes in hemopoietic tissue of rainbow trout under influence of stress
    • Peters G, Schwarzer R (1985) Changes in hemopoietic tissue of rainbow trout under influence of stress. Dis Aquat Organ 1: 1-10.
    • (1985) Dis Aquat Organ , vol.1 , pp. 1-10
    • Peters, G.1    Schwarzer, R.2
  • 40
    • 0002706681 scopus 로고
    • Stress caused by social interaction and its effect on susceptibility to Aeromonas hydrophila infection in rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri
    • Peters G, Faisal M, Lang T, Ahmed I (1988) Stress caused by social interaction and its effect on susceptibility to Aeromonas hydrophila infection in rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri. Dis Aquat Organ 4: 83-89.
    • (1988) Dis Aquat Organ , vol.4 , pp. 83-89
    • Peters, G.1    Faisal, M.2    Lang, T.3    Ahmed, I.4
  • 41
    • 0342492831 scopus 로고
    • Social stress induces structural and functional alterations of phagocytes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
    • Peters G, Nüßgen A, Raabe A, Möck A (1991) Social stress induces structural and functional alterations of phagocytes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish Shellfish Immunol 1: 17-31.
    • (1991) Fish Shellfish Immunol , vol.1 , pp. 17-31
    • Peters, G.1    Nüßgen, A.2    Raabe, A.3    Möck, A.4
  • 42
    • 0002560225 scopus 로고
    • Endocrine-induced pathology in stressed salmonid fish
    • Pickering AD (1993) Endocrine-induced pathology in stressed salmonid fish. Fish Res 17: 35-50.
    • (1993) Fish Res , vol.17 , pp. 35-50
    • Pickering, A.D.1
  • 43
    • 0020861057 scopus 로고
    • Administration of cortisol to brown trout, Salmo trutta L., and its effects on the susceptibility to Saprolegnia infection and furunculosis
    • Pickering AD, Duston J (1983) Administration of cortisol to brown trout, Salmo trutta L., and its effects on the susceptibility to Saprolegnia infection and furunculosis. J Fish Biol 23: 163-175.
    • (1983) J Fish Biol , vol.23 , pp. 163-175
    • Pickering, A.D.1    Duston, J.2
  • 44
    • 0027039240 scopus 로고
    • The influence of social interaction on the acclimation of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) to chronic stress
    • Pottinger TG, Pickering AD (1992) The influence of social interaction on the acclimation of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) to chronic stress. J Fish Biol 41: 435-447.
    • (1992) J Fish Biol , vol.41 , pp. 435-447
    • Pottinger, T.G.1    Pickering, A.D.2
  • 47
    • 0032427187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting the outcome of territorial contests between hatchery and naturally reared coho salmon parr in the laboratory
    • Rhodes JS, Quinn TP (1998) Factors affecting the outcome of territorial contests between hatchery and naturally reared coho salmon parr in the laboratory. J Fish Biol 53: 1220-1230.
    • (1998) J Fish Biol , vol.53 , pp. 1220-1230
    • Rhodes, J.S.1    Quinn, T.P.2
  • 48
    • 17444424174 scopus 로고
    • Ocean growth and mortality of pink and chum salmon
    • Ricker WE (1964) Ocean growth and mortality of pink and chum salmon. J Fish Res Board Can 21(5): 905-931.
    • (1964) J Fish Res Board Can , vol.21 , Issue.5 , pp. 905-931
    • Ricker, W.E.1
  • 49
    • 0011941606 scopus 로고
    • Competition between hatchery and wild coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch): Genetic variation for agonistic behaviour in newly-emerged wild fry
    • Riddell BE, Swain DP (1991) Competition between hatchery and wild coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch): genetic variation for agonistic behaviour in newly-emerged wild fry. Aquaculture 98: 161-172.
    • (1991) Aquaculture , vol.98 , pp. 161-172
    • Riddell, B.E.1    Swain, D.P.2
  • 50
    • 0000224936 scopus 로고
    • Inherited differences in agonistic behavior between two populations of coho salmon
    • Rosenau ML, McPhail JD (1987) Inherited differences in agonistic behavior between two populations of coho salmon. Trans Am Fish Soc 116: 646-654.
    • (1987) Trans Am Fish Soc , vol.116 , pp. 646-654
    • Rosenau, M.L.1    McPhail, J.D.2
  • 51
    • 0028163219 scopus 로고
    • Domestication effects on aggressive and schooling behavior in fish
    • Ruzzante DE (1994) Domestication effects on aggressive and schooling behavior in fish. Aquaculture 120: 1-24.
    • (1994) Aquaculture , vol.120 , pp. 1-24
    • Ruzzante, D.E.1
  • 52
    • 0031412122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competition between stream-dwelling cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch): Effects of relative size and population origin
    • Sabo JL, Pauley GB (1997) Competition between stream-dwelling cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch): effects of relative size and population origin. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 54: 2609-2617.
    • (1997) Can J Fish Aquat Sci , vol.54 , pp. 2609-2617
    • Sabo, J.L.1    Pauley, G.B.2
  • 54
    • 0001647159 scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of rearing fall-run chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, to yearlings at Feather River Hatchery, with a comparison of returns from hatchery and downstream releases
    • Sholes WH, Hallock RJ (1979) An evaluation of rearing fall-run chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, to yearlings at Feather River Hatchery, with a comparison of returns from hatchery and downstream releases. Cal Fish Game 64: 239-255.
    • (1979) Cal Fish Game , vol.64 , pp. 239-255
    • Sholes, W.H.1    Hallock, R.J.2
  • 55
    • 84859643997 scopus 로고
    • SIWG (Species Interaction Work Group), Rensel J, Fresh K (eds) Report prepared for the Enhancement Planning Team for implementation of the Salmon and Steelhead Conservation and Enhancement Act of 1980. Washington Department of Fisheries, Olympia
    • SIWG (Species Interaction Work Group) (1984) Evaluation of potential species interaction effects in the planning and selection of salmonid enhancement projects. In: Rensel J, Fresh K (eds) Report prepared for the Enhancement Planning Team for implementation of the Salmon and Steelhead Conservation and Enhancement Act of 1980. Washington Department of Fisheries, Olympia, p 80.
    • (1984) Evaluation of potential species interaction effects in the planning and selection of salmonid enhancement projects , pp. 80
  • 56
    • 0016274605 scopus 로고
    • The effects of environmental stress on outbreaks of infectious diseases of fishes
    • Snieszko S (1974) The effects of environmental stress on outbreaks of infectious diseases of fishes. J Fish Biol 6: 197-208.
    • (1974) J Fish Biol , vol.6 , pp. 197-208
    • Snieszko, S.1
  • 57
    • 0003165161 scopus 로고
    • Occurrence and environmental correlates of black spot disease in stream fishes near Toronto, Ontario
    • Steedman RJ (1991) Occurrence and environmental correlates of black spot disease in stream fishes near Toronto, Ontario. Trans Am Fish Soc 120: 494-499.
    • (1991) Trans Am Fish Soc , vol.120 , pp. 494-499
    • Steedman, R.J.1
  • 58
    • 0025956326 scopus 로고
    • Predation and production by salmonine fishes in Lake Michigan, 1978-1988
    • Stewart DJ, Ibarra M (1991) Predation and production by salmonine fishes in Lake Michigan, 1978-1988. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 48: 909-922.
    • (1991) Can J Fish Aquat Sci , vol.48 , pp. 909-922
    • Stewart, D.J.1    Ibarra, M.2
  • 59
    • 0021023392 scopus 로고
    • An energetics model for lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush: Application to the Lake Michigan population
    • Stewart DJ, Weininger D, Rottiers DV, Edsall TA (1983) An energetics model for lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush: application to the Lake Michigan population. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 40: 681-698.
    • (1983) Can J Fish Aquat Sci , vol.40 , pp. 681-698
    • Stewart, D.J.1    Weininger, D.2    Rottiers, D.V.3    Edsall, T.A.4
  • 60
    • 0025243086 scopus 로고
    • Genetic variation in agonistic behavior of juveniles between hatchery and wild stocks of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)
    • Swain DP, Riddell BE (1990) Genetic variation in agonistic behavior of juveniles between hatchery and wild stocks of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Can J Fish Aquat Sci 47: 566-573.
    • (1990) Can J Fish Aquat Sci , vol.47 , pp. 566-573
    • Swain, D.P.1    Riddell, B.E.2
  • 61
    • 0022846699 scopus 로고
    • Current response and agonistic behavior in newly emerged fry of chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, from ocean- and stream-type populations
    • Taylor EB, Larkin PA (1986) Current response and agonistic behavior in newly emerged fry of chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, from ocean- and stream-type populations. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 43: 565-573.
    • (1986) Can J Fish Aquat Sci , vol.43 , pp. 565-573
    • Taylor, E.B.1    Larkin, P.A.2
  • 62
    • 0001864580 scopus 로고
    • A temperature algorithm for modifying biological rates
    • Thornton KW, Lessem AS (1978) A temperature algorithm for modifying biological rates. Trans Am Fish Soc 107: 284-287.
    • (1978) Trans Am Fish Soc , vol.107 , pp. 284-287
    • Thornton, K.W.1    Lessem, A.S.2
  • 63
    • 0023621829 scopus 로고
    • Cortisol mediated suppression of salmonid lymphocyte responses in vitro
    • Tripp RA, Maule AG, Schreck CB, Kaattari SL (1987) Cortisol mediated suppression of salmonid lymphocyte responses in vitro. Dev Comp Immunol 11: 565-576.
    • (1987) Dev Comp Immunol , vol.11 , pp. 565-576
    • Tripp, R.A.1    Maule, A.G.2    Schreck, C.B.3    Kaattari, S.L.4
  • 64
    • 0028857426 scopus 로고
    • A method to reduce the abundance of residual hatchery steelhead in rivers
    • Viola AE, Schuck ML (1995) A method to reduce the abundance of residual hatchery steelhead in rivers. N Am J Fish Manag 15: 488-493.
    • (1995) N Am J Fish Manag , vol.15 , pp. 488-493
    • Viola, A.E.1    Schuck, M.L.2
  • 65
    • 0344927348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions between hatchery and wild salmonids in streams: Differences in biology and evidence for competition
    • Weber ED, Fausch KD (2003) Interactions between hatchery and wild salmonids in streams: differences in biology and evidence for competition. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 60: 1018-1036.
    • (2003) Can J Fish Aquat Sci , vol.60 , pp. 1018-1036
    • Weber, E.D.1    Fausch, K.D.2
  • 66
    • 0002427864 scopus 로고
    • The role of stress in the disease resistance of fish
    • S. F. Snieszko (Ed.), Bethesda: American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 5
    • Wedemeyer G (1970) The role of stress in the disease resistance of fish. In: Snieszko SF (ed) A symposium on diseases of fishes and shellfishes. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 5, Bethesda, pp 30-35.
    • (1970) A Symposium on Diseases of Fishes and Shellfishes , pp. 30-35
    • Wedemeyer, G.1
  • 68
    • 0002289849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of rearing conditions on the health and physiological quality of fish in intensive culture
    • G. K. Iwama, A. D. Pickering, J. P. Sumpter, and C. B. Schreck (Eds.), Society for Experimental Biology Seminar Series: 62. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Wedemeyer GA (1997) Effects of rearing conditions on the health and physiological quality of fish in intensive culture. In: Iwama GK, Pickering AD, Sumpter JP, Schreck CB (eds) Fish Stress and Health in Aquaculture. Society for Experimental Biology Seminar Series: 62. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 35-71.
    • (1997) Fish Stress and Health in Aquaculture , pp. 35-71
    • Wedemeyer, G.A.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.