Trends over time in tree and seedling phylogenetic diversity indicate regional differences in forest biodiversity change

Ecological Applications

Volumn 22, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 517-531

  Potter, Kevin M ^a,b   Woodall, Christopher W ^b  

^a NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b USDA FOREST SERVICE   (United States)

Author keywords

Biodiversity; Climate change; Conservation biology; Dispersal; Ecosystem function; Forest health; Indicator; Landscape ecology; Monitoring; North America; Phylogenetic diversity; Regional scale

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; BIOINDICATOR; CLIMATE CHANGE; CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT; DATA SET; DISPERSAL; ECOREGION; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY; FOREST HEALTH; FOREST INVENTORY; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; PHYLOGENETICS; SEEDLING; SPECIES DIVERSITY; SPECIES RICHNESS; TREND ANALYSIS;

ARTICLE; BIODIVERSITY; CLASSIFICATION; GENETICS; PHYLOGENY; PHYSIOLOGY; SEEDLING; TIME; TREE; UNITED STATES;

BIODIVERSITY; PHYLOGENY; SEEDLING; TIME FACTORS; TREES; UNITED STATES;

UNITED STATES;

EID: 84859529401     PISSN: 10510761     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/10-2137.1     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Abrams, M. D. 2005. Prescribing fire in eastern oak forests: Is time running out? Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 22:190-196. (Pubitemid 41412026)
2. Aitken, S. N., S. Yeaman, J. A. Holliday, T. L. Wang, and S. Curtis-McLane. 2008. Adaptation, migration or extirpation: climate change outcomes for tree populations. Evolutionary Applications 1:95-111.
3. Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. 2003. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 141:399-436.
4. Balvanera, P., A. B. Pfisterer, N. Buchmann, J. S. He, T. Nakashizuka, D. Raffaelli, and B. Schmid. 2006. Quantifying the evidence for biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning and services. Ecology Letters 9:1146-1156. (Pubitemid 44403808)
5. Bechtold, W. A., and P. L. Patterson. 2005. The enhanced Forest Inventory and Analysis program: national sampling design and estimation procedures. General Technical Report SRS-80. USDA Forest Service, Asheville, North Carolina, USA.
6. Bell, C. D., D. E. Soltis, and P. S. Soltis. 2010. The age and diversification of the angiosperms re-visited. American Journal of Botany 97:1296-1303.
7. Bonner, F. T., and R. P. Karrfalt, editors. 2008. The woody plant seed manual. USDA Forest Service, Washington, D.C., USA.
8. Burns, R. M., and B. H. Honkala, editors. 1990. Silvics of North America: 1. Conifers; 2. Hardwoods. USDA Forest Service, Washington, D.C., USA.
9. Cadotte, M. W., B. J. Cardinale, and T. H. Oakley. 2008. Evolutionary history and the effect of biodiversity on plant productivity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 105:17012-17017.
10. Cadotte, M. W., J. Cavender-Bares, D. Tilman, and T. H. Oakley. 2009. Using phylogenetic, functional and trait diversity to understand patterns of plant community productivity. PloS ONE 4(5):e5695. http://dx.doi.org/10. 1371/journal.pone.0005695
11. Cain, M. L., B. G. Milligan, and A. E. Strand. 2000. Longdistance seed dispersal in plant populations. American Journal of Botany 87:1217-1227.
12. Cardinale, B. J., J. P. Wright, M. W. Cadotte, I. T. Carroll, A. Hector, D. S. Srivastava, M. Loreau, and J. J. Weis. 2007. Impacts of plant diversity on biomass production increase through time because of species complementarity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 104:18123-18128. (Pubitemid 350210831)
13. Cavender-Bares, J., K. H. Kozak, P. V. A. Fine, and S. W. Kembel. 2009. The merging of community ecology and phylogenetic biology. Ecology Letters 12:693-715.
14. Clark, J. S. 1998. Why trees migrate so fast: Confronting theory with dispersal biology and the paleorecord. American Naturalist 152:204-224. (Pubitemid 28349040)
15. Cleland, D. T., P. E. Avers, W. H. McNab, M. E. Jensen, R. G. Bailey, T. King, and W. E. Russell. 1997. National hierarchical framework of ecological units. Pages 181-200 in M. S. Boyce and A. Haney, editors. Ecosystem management: applications for sustainable forest and wildlife resources. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
16. Cleland, D. T., J. A. Freeouf, J. E. Keys, G. J. Nowacki, C. A. Carpenter, and W. H. McNab. 2007. Ecological Subregions: Sections and Subsections for the conterminous United States. Pages Map, presentation scale 1:3,500,000; Albers equal area projection; colored. General Technical Report WO-76. USDA Forest Service, Washington, D.C., USA.
17. Cleveland, W. S. 1979. Robust locally weighted regression and smoothing scatterplots. Journal of the American Statistical Association 74:829-836.
18. Cleveland, W. S., and S. J. Devlin. 1988. Locally weighted regression: An approach to regression analysis by local fitting. Journal of the American Statistical Association 83:596-610.
19. Coca, M., and J. G. Pausas. 2009. Regeneration traits are structuring phylogenetic diversity in cork oak (Quercus suber) woodlands. Journal of Vegetation Science 20:1009-1015.
20. Conover, W. J. 1971. Practical nonparametric statistics. John Wiley, New York, New York, USA.
21. Davis, M. B., and R. G. Shaw. 2001. Range shifts and adaptive responses to Quaternary climate change. Science 292:673-679. (Pubitemid 32385531)
22. Davis, M. B., R. G. Shaw, and J. R. Etterson. 2005. Evolutionary responses to changing climate. Ecology 86:1704-1714. (Pubitemid 40938771)
23. Edwards, E. J., and C. J. Still. 2008. Climate, phylogeny and the ecological distribution of C4 grasses. Ecology Letters 11:266-276. (Pubitemid 351172050)
24. Edwards, E. J., C. J. Still, and M. J. Donoghue. 2007. The relevance of phylogeny to studies of global change. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 22:243-249 (Pubitemid 46590498)
25. ESRI. 2006. ArcMap 9.2. Environmental Systems Research Institute, Redlands, California, USA.
26. Faith, D. P. 1992. Conservation evaluation and phylogenetic diversity. Biological Conservation 61:1-10.
27. Faith, D. P. 1994. Phylogenetic pattern and the quantification of organismal biodiversity. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 345:45-58.
28. Faith, D. P. 2002. Quantifying biodiversity: a phylogenetic perspective. Conservation Biology 16:248-252 (Pubitemid 34190447)
29. Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 1993-2010. Flora of North America North of Mexico. Oxford University Press, New York, New York, USA.
30. Forest, F., et al. 2007. Preserving the evolutionary potential of floras in biodiversity hotspots. Nature 445:757-760. (Pubitemid 46279719)
31. Friedman, S. K., and P. B. Reich. 2005. Regional legacies of logging: departure from presettlement forest conditions in northern Minnesota. Ecological Applications 15:726-744. (Pubitemid 40441311)
32. Gamache, I., and S. Payette. 2005. Latitudinal response of subarctic tree lines to recent climate change in eastern Canada. Journal of Biogeography 32:849-862. (Pubitemid 40764320)
33. Goldblum, D., and L. S. Rigg. 2002. Age structure and regeneration dynamics of sugar maple at the deciduous/boreal forest ecotone, Ontario, Canada. Physical Geography 23:115-129. (Pubitemid 36715253)
34. Hamrick, J. L. 2004. Response of forest trees to global environmental changes. Forest Ecology and Management 197:323-335. (Pubitemid 39033586)
35. Hart, J. L., and H. D. Grissino-Mayer. 2008. Vegetation patterns and dendroecology of a mixed hardwood forest on the Cumberland Plateau: Implications for stand development. Forest Ecology and Management 255:1960-1975.
36. Hooper, D. U., et al. 2005. Effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning: A consensus of current knowledge. Ecological Monographs 75:3-35. (Pubitemid 40301269)
37. Hurvich, C. M., J. S. Simonoff, and C. L. Tsai. 1998. Smoothing parameter selection in nonparametric regression using an improved Akaike information criterion. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society B 60:271-293. (Pubitemid 128656784)
38. Inouye, R. S., T. D. Allison, and N. C. Johnson. 1994. Old field succession on a Minnesota sand plain: Effects of deer and other factors on invasion by trees. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 121:266-276. (Pubitemid 2148466)
39. International Panel on Climate Change. 2007. Climate change 2007: The physical science basis. Contribution of working group I to the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
40. Iverson, L. R., and A. M. Prasad. 1998. Predicting abundance of 80 tree species following climate change in the eastern United States. Ecological Monographs 68:465-485. (Pubitemid 28504292)
41. Iverson, L. R., A. M. Prasad, S. N. Matthews, and M. Peters. 2008. Estimating potential habitat for 134 eastern U.S. tree species under six climate scenarios. Forest Ecology and Management 254:390-406.
42. Kelly, D. 1994. The evolutionary ecology of mast seeding. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 9:465-470. (Pubitemid 124001500)
43. Kelly, D., and V. L. Sork. 2002. Mast seeding in perennial plants: Why, how, where? Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 33:427-447. (Pubitemid 36035147)
44. Knops, J. M. H., D. Tilman, N. M. Haddad, S. Naeem, C. E. Mitchell, J. Haarstad, M. E. Ritchie, K. M. Howe, P. B. Reich, E. Siemann, and J. Groth. 1999. Effects of plant species richness on invasion dynamics, disease outbreaks, insect abundances and diversity. Ecology Letters 2:286-293. (Pubitemid 29456313)
45. Koenig, W. D., and J. M. H. Knops. 2000. Patterns of annual seed production by northern hemisphere trees: A global perspective. American Naturalist 155:59-69. (Pubitemid 30132335)
46. Lafon, C. W., M. A. Huston, and S. P. Horn. 2000. Effects of agricultural soil loss on forest succession rates and tree diversity in east Tennessee. Oikos 90:431-441.
47. Landhausser, S. M., D. Deshaies, and V. J. Lieffers. 2010. Disturbance facilitates rapid range expansion of aspen into higher elevations of the Rocky Mountains under a warming climate. Journal of Biogeography 37:68-76.
48. Liang, S. Y., and S. W. Seagle. 2002. Browsing and microhabitat effects on riparian forest woody seedling demography. Ecology 83:212-227. (Pubitemid 34067691)
49. Malcolm, J. R., A. Markham, R. P. Neilson, and M. Garaci. 2002. Estimated migration rates under scenarios of global climate change. Journal of Biogeography 29:835-849. (Pubitemid 34869594)
50. McLachlan, J. S., J. S. Clark, and P. S. Manos. 2005. Molecular indicators of tree migration capacity under rapid climate change. Ecology 86:2088-2098. (Pubitemid 41117479)
51. Milad, M., H. Schaich, M. Burgi, and W. Konold. 2011. Climate change and nature conservation in Central European forests: A review of consequences, concepts and challenges. Forest Ecology and Management 261:829-843.
52. Moser, B., C. Temperli, G. Schneiter, and T. Wohlgemuth. 2010. Potential shift in tree species composition after interaction of fire and drought in the Central Alps. European Journal of Forest Research 129:625-633.
53. Motzkin, G., P. Wilson, D. R. Foster, and A. Allen. 1999. Vegetation patterns in heterogeneous landscapes: The importance of history and environment. Journal of Vegetation Science 10:903-920. (Pubitemid 30059391)
54. Parmesan, C. 2006. Ecological and evolutionary responses to recent climate change. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 37:637-669. (Pubitemid 44907632)
55. Parmesan, C., and G. Yohe. 2003. A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems. Nature 421:37-42. (Pubitemid 36077078)
56. Perez-Ramos, I. M., J. M. Ourcival, J. M. Limousin, and S. Rambal. 2010. Mast seeding under increasing drought: results from a long-term data set and from a rainfall exclusion experiment. Ecology 91:3057-3068.
57. Pillon, Y., M. F. Fay, A. B. Shipunov, and M. W. Chase. 2006. Species diversity versus phylogenetic diversity: A practical study in the taxonomically difficult genus Dactylorhiza (Orchidaceae). Biological Conservation 129:4-13. (Pubitemid 43129894)
58. Proches, S., J. R. U. Wilson, and R. M. Cowling. 2006. How much evolutionary history in a 10310 m plot? Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 273:1143-1148. (Pubitemid 47324484)
59. Root, T. L., J. T. Price, K. R. Hall, S. H. Schneider, C. Rosenzweig, and J. A. Pounds. 2003. Fingerprints of global warming on wild animals and plants. Nature 421:57-60. (Pubitemid 36077083)
60. SAS Institute. 2008. The SAS System for Windows, Version 9.2. SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina, USA.
61. Schwartz, M. W., L. R. Iverson, and A. M. Prasad. 2001. Predicting the potential future distribution of four tree species in Ohio using current habitat availability and climatic forcing. Ecosystems 4:568-581. (Pubitemid 33037419)
62. Smith, W. B. 2002. Forest inventory and analysis: a national inventory and monitoring program. Environmental Pollution 116:S233-S242. (Pubitemid 34081814)
63. Stenseth, N. C., A. Mysterud, G. Ottersen, J. W. Hurrell, K. S. Chan, and M. Lima. 2002. Ecological effects of climate fluctuations. Science 297:1292-1296. (Pubitemid 34913160)
64. USDA [United States Department of Agriculture] Forest Service. 2008a. Forest Inventory and Analysis national core field guide, Version 4.0. USDA Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis National Office, Arlington, Virginia, USA.
65. USDA [United States Department of Agriculture] Forest Service. 2008b. National forest type data development. USDA Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis, Remote Sensing Applications Center, Washington, D.C., USA.
66. Vamosi, S. M., and S. A. Queenborough. 2010. Breeding systems and phylogenetic diversity of seed plants along a large-scale elevational gradient. Journal of Biogeography 37:465-476.
67. Vane-Wright, R. I., C. J. Humphries, and P. H. Williams. 1991. What to protect?-Systematics and the agony of choice. Biological Conservation 55:235-254.
68. Vittoz, P., and R. Engler. 2007. Seed dispersal distances: a typology based on dispersal modes and plant traits. Botanica Helvetica 117:109-124.
69. Walther, G. R., E. Post, P. Convey, A. Menzel, C. Parmesan, T. J. C. Beebee, J. M. Fromentin, O. Hoegh-Guldberg, and F. Bairlein. 2002. Ecological responses to recent climate change. Nature 416:389-395. (Pubitemid 34272866)
70. Watkinson, A. R. 1997. Plant population dynamics. Pages 359-400 in M. J. Crawley, editor. Plant ecology. Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK.
71. Webb, C. O., D. D. Ackerly, and S. W. Kembel. 2008. Phylocom: software for the analysis of phylogenetic community structure and trait evolution. Bioinformatics 24:2098-2100.
72. Webb, C. O., and M. J. Donoghue. 2005. Phylomatic: tree assembly for applied phylogenetics. Molecular Ecology Notes 5:181-183. (Pubitemid 40350917)
73. Wikstrom, N., V. Savolainen, and M. W. Chase. 2001. Evolution of the angiosperms: Calibrating the family tree. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 268:2211-2220. (Pubitemid 33032897)
74. Willis, C. G., B. Ruhfel, R. B. Primack, A. J. Miller-Rushing, and C. C. Davis. 2008. Phylogenetic patterns of species loss in Thoreau's woods are driven by climate change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 105:17029-17033.
75. Woodall, C. W., C. M. Oswalt, J. A. Westfall, C. H. Perry, M. D. Nelson, and A. O. Finley. 2009. An indicator of tree migration in forests of the eastern United States. Forest Ecology and Management 257:1434-1444.
76. Zavaleta, E. S., J. R. Pasari, K. B. Hulvey, and G. D. Tilman. 2010. Sustaining multiple ecosystem functions in grassland communities requires higher biodiversity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 107:1443-1446.