메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 192, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 27-33

Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in the foal - Part 2: Diagnostics, treatment and disease management

Author keywords

Antimicrobial resistance; Diagnosis; Rhodococcus equi; Treatment; Ultrasonography

Indexed keywords

ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; AZITHROMYCIN; BIFONAZOLE; CLARITHROMYCIN; CLOTRIMAZOLE; DOXYCYCLINE; ECONAZOLE; ERYTHROMYCIN; GALLIUM MALTOLATE; GENTAMICIN; IMIDAZOLE; MACROLIDE; MICONAZOLE; PENICILLIN G; RIFAMPICIN; TULATHROMYCIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 84859497906     PISSN: 10900233     EISSN: 15322971     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.08.009     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (32)

References (76)
  • 2
    • 0030837942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunoprophylaxis of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals
    • Becu T., Polledo G., Gaskin J.M. Immunoprophylaxis of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals. Veterinary Microbiology 1997, 56:193-204.
    • (1997) Veterinary Microbiology , vol.56 , pp. 193-204
    • Becu, T.1    Polledo, G.2    Gaskin, J.M.3
  • 3
    • 37149050239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance studies of erythromycin and rifampin for Rhodococcus equi over a 10-year period
    • Buckley T., McManamon E., Stanbridge S. Resistance studies of erythromycin and rifampin for Rhodococcus equi over a 10-year period. Irish Veterinary Journal 2007, 60:728-731.
    • (2007) Irish Veterinary Journal , vol.60 , pp. 728-731
    • Buckley, T.1    McManamon, E.2    Stanbridge, S.3
  • 5
    • 7644226460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foal IgG and opsonizing anti-Rhodococcus equi antibodies after immunization of pregnant mares with a protective VapA candidate vaccine
    • Cauchard J., Sevin C., Ballet J.J., Taouji S. Foal IgG and opsonizing anti-Rhodococcus equi antibodies after immunization of pregnant mares with a protective VapA candidate vaccine. Veterinary Microbiology 2004, 104:73-81.
    • (2004) Veterinary Microbiology , vol.104 , pp. 73-81
    • Cauchard, J.1    Sevin, C.2    Ballet, J.J.3    Taouji, S.4
  • 7
    • 0037442033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of equine breeding farm characteristics as risk factors for development of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals
    • Chaffin K.M., Cohen N.D., Martens R.J. Evaluation of equine breeding farm characteristics as risk factors for development of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 2003, 222:467-474.
    • (2003) Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association , vol.222 , pp. 467-474
    • Chaffin, K.M.1    Cohen, N.D.2    Martens, R.J.3
  • 8
    • 0037442028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of equine breeding farm management and preventative health practices as risk factors for development of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals
    • Chaffin K.M., Cohen N.D., Martens R.J. Evaluation of equine breeding farm management and preventative health practices as risk factors for development of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 2003, 222:476-485.
    • (2003) Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association , vol.222 , pp. 476-485
    • Chaffin, K.M.1    Cohen, N.D.2    Martens, R.J.3
  • 9
    • 42149147385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemoprophylactic effects of azithromycin against Rhodococcus equi induced pneumonia among foals at equine breeding farms with endemic infections
    • Chaffin M.K., Cohen N.D., Martens R.J. Chemoprophylactic effects of azithromycin against Rhodococcus equi induced pneumonia among foals at equine breeding farms with endemic infections. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 2008, 232:1035-1047.
    • (2008) Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association , vol.232 , pp. 1035-1047
    • Chaffin, M.K.1    Cohen, N.D.2    Martens, R.J.3
  • 13
    • 0037379527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogenic Nocardia, Rhodococcus and related organisms are highly susceptible to imidazole antifungals
    • Dabbs E.R., Naidoo S., Lephoto C., Nikitina N. Pathogenic Nocardia, Rhodococcus and related organisms are highly susceptible to imidazole antifungals. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 2003, 47:1476-1478.
    • (2003) Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy , vol.47 , pp. 1476-1478
    • Dabbs, E.R.1    Naidoo, S.2    Lephoto, C.3    Nikitina, N.4
  • 15
    • 0342872092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical manifestation, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of Rhodococcus equi infections in foals
    • Giguere S., Prescott J.F. Clinical manifestation, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of Rhodococcus equi infections in foals. Veterinary Microbiology 1997, 56:313-334.
    • (1997) Veterinary Microbiology , vol.56 , pp. 313-334
    • Giguere, S.1    Prescott, J.F.2
  • 17
    • 0002004287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a commercially available hyperimmune plasma product for prevention of naturally acquired pneumonia caused by Rhodococcus equi in foals
    • Giguere S., Gaskin J.M., Miller C., Bowman J.L. Evaluation of a commercially available hyperimmune plasma product for prevention of naturally acquired pneumonia caused by Rhodococcus equi in foals. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 2002, 220:59-63.
    • (2002) Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association , vol.220 , pp. 59-63
    • Giguere, S.1    Gaskin, J.M.2    Miller, C.3    Bowman, J.L.4
  • 18
    • 0347296322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of white blood cell concentration, plasma fibrinogen concentration, and an agar gel immunodiffusion test for early identification of foals with Rhodococcus equi pneumonia
    • Giguere S., Hernandez J., Gaskin J., Miller C., Bowman J.L. Evaluation of white blood cell concentration, plasma fibrinogen concentration, and an agar gel immunodiffusion test for early identification of foals with Rhodococcus equi pneumonia. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 2003, 222:775-781.
    • (2003) Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association , vol.222 , pp. 775-781
    • Giguere, S.1    Hernandez, J.2    Gaskin, J.3    Miller, C.4    Bowman, J.L.5
  • 19
    • 4243178082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrospective comparison of azithromycin, clarithromycin, and erythromycin for the treatment of foals with Rhodococcus equi pneumonia
    • Giguere S., Jacks S., Roberts G.D., Hernandez J., Long M.T., Ellis C. Retrospective comparison of azithromycin, clarithromycin, and erythromycin for the treatment of foals with Rhodococcus equi pneumonia. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 2004, 18:568-573.
    • (2004) Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine , vol.18 , pp. 568-573
    • Giguere, S.1    Jacks, S.2    Roberts, G.D.3    Hernandez, J.4    Long, M.T.5    Ellis, C.6
  • 20
    • 77954256294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of the prevalence antimicrobial resistance to macrolide antimicrobials or rifampin in Rhodococcus equi isolates and treatment outcome in foals infected with antimicrobial-resistant isolates of R. equi
    • Giguere S., Lee E., Williams E., Cohen N.D., Chaffin M.K., Halbert N., Martens R.J., Franklin R.P., Clark C.C., Slovis N.M. Determination of the prevalence antimicrobial resistance to macrolide antimicrobials or rifampin in Rhodococcus equi isolates and treatment outcome in foals infected with antimicrobial-resistant isolates of R. equi. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 2010, 237:74-81.
    • (2010) Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association , vol.237 , pp. 74-81
    • Giguere, S.1    Lee, E.2    Williams, E.3    Cohen, N.D.4    Chaffin, M.K.5    Halbert, N.6    Martens, R.J.7    Franklin, R.P.8    Clark, C.C.9    Slovis, N.M.10
  • 25
    • 0033217779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of prophylactic administration of hyperimmune plasma to prevent Rhodococcus equi infection on foals from endemically affected farms
    • Higuchi T., Arakawa T., Hashikura S., Inui T., Senba H., Takai S. Effects of prophylactic administration of hyperimmune plasma to prevent Rhodococcus equi infection on foals from endemically affected farms. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series B 1999, 46:641-648.
    • (1999) Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series B , vol.46 , pp. 641-648
    • Higuchi, T.1    Arakawa, T.2    Hashikura, S.3    Inui, T.4    Senba, H.5    Takai, S.6
  • 26
    • 0023553486 scopus 로고
    • Use of erythromycin-rifampin combination in treatment of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia
    • Hillidge C.J. Use of erythromycin-rifampin combination in treatment of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia. Veterinary Microbiology 1987, 14:337-342.
    • (1987) Veterinary Microbiology , vol.14 , pp. 337-342
    • Hillidge, C.J.1
  • 27
    • 0035434153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of equine immunoglobulin specific for Rhodococcus equi virulence-associated proteins A and C for use in protecting foals against Rhodococcus equi induced pneumonia
    • Hooper-McGrevy K.E., Giguere S., Wilkie B.N., Prescott J.F. Evaluation of equine immunoglobulin specific for Rhodococcus equi virulence-associated proteins A and C for use in protecting foals against Rhodococcus equi induced pneumonia. American Journal of Veterinary Research 2001, 62:1307-1313.
    • (2001) American Journal of Veterinary Research , vol.62 , pp. 1307-1313
    • Hooper-McGrevy, K.E.1    Giguere, S.2    Wilkie, B.N.3    Prescott, J.F.4
  • 28
    • 0035344425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of Sartwell's model (lognormal distribution of incubation periods) to age at onset and age at death of foals with Rhodococcus equi pneumonia as evidence of perinatal infection
    • Horowitz M.L., Cohen N.D., Takai S., Becu T., Chaffin K.M., Chu K.K., Magdesian K.G., Martens R.J. Application of Sartwell's model (lognormal distribution of incubation periods) to age at onset and age at death of foals with Rhodococcus equi pneumonia as evidence of perinatal infection. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 2001, 15:171-175.
    • (2001) Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine , vol.15 , pp. 171-175
    • Horowitz, M.L.1    Cohen, N.D.2    Takai, S.3    Becu, T.4    Chaffin, K.M.5    Chu, K.K.6    Magdesian, K.G.7    Martens, R.J.8
  • 29
    • 0023395679 scopus 로고
    • The ecology of Rhodococcus equi and physicochemical influences on growth
    • Hughes K.L., Sulaiman I. The ecology of Rhodococcus equi and physicochemical influences on growth. Veterinary Microbiology 1987, 14:241-250.
    • (1987) Veterinary Microbiology , vol.14 , pp. 241-250
    • Hughes, K.L.1    Sulaiman, I.2
  • 30
    • 0029396144 scopus 로고
    • Failure of hyperimmune plasma to prevent pneumonia caused by Rhodococcus equi in foals
    • Hurley J.R., Begg A.P. Failure of hyperimmune plasma to prevent pneumonia caused by Rhodococcus equi in foals. Australian Veterinary Journal 1995, 72:418-420.
    • (1995) Australian Veterinary Journal , vol.72 , pp. 418-420
    • Hurley, J.R.1    Begg, A.P.2
  • 33
    • 0038673368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro susceptibilities of Rhodococcus equi and other common equine pathogens to azithromycin, clarithromycin and 20 other antimicrobials
    • Jacks S., Giguere S., Nguyen A. In vitro susceptibilities of Rhodococcus equi and other common equine pathogens to azithromycin, clarithromycin and 20 other antimicrobials. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 2003, 47:1742-1745.
    • (2003) Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy , vol.47 , pp. 1742-1745
    • Jacks, S.1    Giguere, S.2    Nguyen, A.3
  • 35
    • 0028439873 scopus 로고
    • Development of reactive arthritis and resistance to erythromycin and rifampin in a foal during treatment for Rhodococcus equi pneumonia
    • Kenney D.G., Robbins S.C., Prescott J.F., Kaushik A., Baird J. Development of reactive arthritis and resistance to erythromycin and rifampin in a foal during treatment for Rhodococcus equi pneumonia. Equine Veterinary Journal 1994, 25:246-248.
    • (1994) Equine Veterinary Journal , vol.25 , pp. 246-248
    • Kenney, D.G.1    Robbins, S.C.2    Prescott, J.F.3    Kaushik, A.4    Baird, J.5
  • 37
    • 0028510626 scopus 로고
    • Review of 40 cases of lung abscesses in foals and adult horses
    • Lavoie J.P., Fiset L., Laverty S. Review of 40 cases of lung abscesses in foals and adult horses. Equine Veterinary Journal 1994, 26:348-352.
    • (1994) Equine Veterinary Journal , vol.26 , pp. 348-352
    • Lavoie, J.P.1    Fiset, L.2    Laverty, S.3
  • 38
    • 84982531368 scopus 로고
    • An outbreak involving six cases of Rhodococcus equi on a stud farm
    • Leadon D.P. An outbreak involving six cases of Rhodococcus equi on a stud farm. Equine Veterinary Education 1989, 1:24-32.
    • (1989) Equine Veterinary Education , vol.1 , pp. 24-32
    • Leadon, D.P.1
  • 39
    • 78650536097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the clinical microbiological, radiological and haematological features of foals with pneumonia caused by Rhodococcus equi and other bacteria
    • Leclere M., Magdesian K.G., Kass P.H., Pusterla N., Rhodes D.M. Comparison of the clinical microbiological, radiological and haematological features of foals with pneumonia caused by Rhodococcus equi and other bacteria. The Veterinary Journal 2011, 187:109-112.
    • (2011) The Veterinary Journal , vol.187 , pp. 109-112
    • Leclere, M.1    Magdesian, K.G.2    Kass, P.H.3    Pusterla, N.4    Rhodes, D.M.5
  • 41
    • 0036844186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of pulmonary T-lymphocytes and serum antibody isotype responses associated with protection against Rhodococcus equi
    • Lopez A.M., Hines M.T., Palmer G.H., Alperin D.C., Hines S.A. Identification of pulmonary T-lymphocytes and serum antibody isotype responses associated with protection against Rhodococcus equi. Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 2002, 9:1270-1276.
    • (2002) Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology , vol.9 , pp. 1270-1276
    • Lopez, A.M.1    Hines, M.T.2    Palmer, G.H.3    Alperin, D.C.4    Hines, S.A.5
  • 42
    • 0026271789 scopus 로고
    • Protection against naturally acquired Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals by administration of hyperimmune serum
    • Madigan J.E., Hietala S.K., Muller N. Protection against naturally acquired Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals by administration of hyperimmune serum. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, Suppl. 1991, 571-578.
    • (1991) Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, Suppl. , pp. 571-578
    • Madigan, J.E.1    Hietala, S.K.2    Muller, N.3
  • 44
    • 0024694589 scopus 로고
    • Rhodococcus equi foal pneumonia: Protective effects of immune plasma in experimentally infected foals
    • Martens R.J., Martens J.G., Fiske A., Hietala S.K. Rhodococcus equi foal pneumonia: Protective effects of immune plasma in experimentally infected foals. Equine Veterinary Journal 1989, 21:249-255.
    • (1989) Equine Veterinary Journal , vol.21 , pp. 249-255
    • Martens, R.J.1    Martens, J.G.2    Fiske, A.3    Hietala, S.K.4
  • 47
    • 0002286996 scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic penetration within phagocytic cells
    • CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA, D. Raoult (Ed.)
    • Maurin M., Raoult D. Antibiotic penetration within phagocytic cells. Antimicrobial Agents and Intracellular Pathogens 1993, 23-37. CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA. D. Raoult (Ed.).
    • (1993) Antimicrobial Agents and Intracellular Pathogens , pp. 23-37
    • Maurin, M.1    Raoult, D.2
  • 48
    • 84859485596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in the foal - Part 1: Pathogenesis and epidemiology
    • Muscatello G. Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in the foal - Part 1: Pathogenesis and epidemiology. The Veterinary Journal 2011, 10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.08.014.
    • (2011) The Veterinary Journal
    • Muscatello, G.1
  • 49
    • 2342456304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and differentiation of avirulent and virulent Rhodococcus equi using selective media and colony blotting DNA hybridization to determine their concentrations in the environment
    • Muscatello G., Browning G.F. Identification and differentiation of avirulent and virulent Rhodococcus equi using selective media and colony blotting DNA hybridization to determine their concentrations in the environment. Veterinary Microbiology 2004, 100:121-127.
    • (2004) Veterinary Microbiology , vol.100 , pp. 121-127
    • Muscatello, G.1    Browning, G.F.2
  • 50
    • 33748769504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations between the ecology of virulent Rhodococcus equi and the epidemiology of R. equi pneumonia on Australian thoroughbred farms
    • Muscatello G., Anderson G.A., Gilkerson J.R., Browning G.F. Associations between the ecology of virulent Rhodococcus equi and the epidemiology of R. equi pneumonia on Australian thoroughbred farms. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2006, 72:6152-6160.
    • (2006) Applied and Environmental Microbiology , vol.72 , pp. 6152-6160
    • Muscatello, G.1    Anderson, G.A.2    Gilkerson, J.R.3    Browning, G.F.4
  • 51
    • 33745303816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of concentrations of Rhodococcus equi and virulent R. equi in air of stables and paddocks on horse breeding farms in a temperate climate
    • Muscatello G., Gerbaud S., Kennedy C., Gilkerson J.R., Buckley T., Klay M., Leadon D.P., Browning G.F. Comparison of concentrations of Rhodococcus equi and virulent R. equi in air of stables and paddocks on horse breeding farms in a temperate climate. Equine Veterinary Journal 2006, 38:263-265.
    • (2006) Equine Veterinary Journal , vol.38 , pp. 263-265
    • Muscatello, G.1    Gerbaud, S.2    Kennedy, C.3    Gilkerson, J.R.4    Buckley, T.5    Klay, M.6    Leadon, D.P.7    Browning, G.F.8
  • 52
    • 84859500044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rattles in Horses: Effects of Stud Management on Ecology of Virulent Rhodococcus equi. Australian Government Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, ACT, Australia.
    • Muscatello, G., Gilkerson, J.R., Browning, G.F., 2006c. Rattles in Horses: Effects of Stud Management on Ecology of Virulent Rhodococcus equi. Australian Government Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, ACT, Australia.
    • (2006)
    • Muscatello, G.1    Gilkerson, J.R.2    Browning, G.F.3
  • 53
    • 44149083900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of selective intensive irrigation on the incidence and prevalence of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia on an endemically affected farm
    • Muscatello G., Gilkerson J.R., Browning G.F. Effects of selective intensive irrigation on the incidence and prevalence of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia on an endemically affected farm. Australian Equine Veterinarian 2006, 25:79-80.
    • (2006) Australian Equine Veterinarian , vol.25 , pp. 79-80
    • Muscatello, G.1    Gilkerson, J.R.2    Browning, G.F.3
  • 55
    • 62749165335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of virulent Rhodococcus equi in exhaled air samples from naturally infected foals
    • Muscatello G., Gilkerson J.R., Browning G.F. Detection of virulent Rhodococcus equi in exhaled air samples from naturally infected foals. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2009, 47:734-737.
    • (2009) Journal of Clinical Microbiology , vol.47 , pp. 734-737
    • Muscatello, G.1    Gilkerson, J.R.2    Browning, G.F.3
  • 57
    • 0025967019 scopus 로고
    • Rhodococcus equi: An animal and human pathogen
    • Prescott J.F. Rhodococcus equi: An animal and human pathogen. Clinical Microbiology Review 1991, 4:20-34.
    • (1991) Clinical Microbiology Review , vol.4 , pp. 20-34
    • Prescott, J.F.1
  • 61
    • 2342569614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic contribution of thoracic ultrasonography in 17 foals with Rhodococcus equi pneumonia
    • Ramirez S., Lester G., Roberts G. Diagnostic contribution of thoracic ultrasonography in 17 foals with Rhodococcus equi pneumonia. Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound 2004, 45:172-176.
    • (2004) Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound , vol.45 , pp. 172-176
    • Ramirez, S.1    Lester, G.2    Roberts, G.3
  • 62
    • 0008208446 scopus 로고
    • Ultrasonographic evaluation
    • Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, USA, J. Beech (Ed.)
    • Reef V.B. Ultrasonographic evaluation. Equine Respiratory Disorders 1991, 69-88. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, USA. J. Beech (Ed.).
    • (1991) Equine Respiratory Disorders , pp. 69-88
    • Reef, V.B.1
  • 63
    • 0012192101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thoracic ultrasonography
    • W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, USA
    • Reef V.B. Thoracic ultrasonography. Equine Diagnostic Disorders 1998, 187-214. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, USA.
    • (1998) Equine Diagnostic Disorders , pp. 187-214
    • Reef, V.B.1
  • 64
    • 0037849870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of virulence plasmid gene expression of intra-macrophage and in vitro grown Rhodococcus equi ATCC 33701
    • Ren J., Prescott J.F. Analysis of virulence plasmid gene expression of intra-macrophage and in vitro grown Rhodococcus equi ATCC 33701. Veterinary Microbiology 2003, 94:167-182.
    • (2003) Veterinary Microbiology , vol.94 , pp. 167-182
    • Ren, J.1    Prescott, J.F.2
  • 66
    • 0035061998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of nucleic acid amplification, serology and microbiological culture for diagnosis of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals
    • Sellon D.C., Basser T.E., Vivrette S.L., McConnico R.S. Comparison of nucleic acid amplification, serology and microbiological culture for diagnosis of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2001, 39:1633-1637.
    • (2001) Journal of Clinical Microbiology , vol.39 , pp. 1633-1637
    • Sellon, D.C.1    Basser, T.E.2    Vivrette, S.L.3    McConnico, R.S.4
  • 67
    • 0034235425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of adverse effects in pneumonic foals treated with erythromycin versus other antibiotics: 143 cases (1986-1996)
    • Stratton-Phelps M., Wilson W.D., Gardner I.A. Risk of adverse effects in pneumonic foals treated with erythromycin versus other antibiotics: 143 cases (1986-1996). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 2000, 217:68-73.
    • (2000) Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association , vol.217 , pp. 68-73
    • Stratton-Phelps, M.1    Wilson, W.D.2    Gardner, I.A.3
  • 68
    • 0023568322 scopus 로고
    • Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in 48 foals: Response to antimicrobial therapy
    • Sweeney C.R., Sweeney R.W., Divers T.J. Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in 48 foals: Response to antimicrobial therapy. Veterinary Microbiology 1987, 14:329-336.
    • (1987) Veterinary Microbiology , vol.14 , pp. 329-336
    • Sweeney, C.R.1    Sweeney, R.W.2    Divers, T.J.3
  • 72
    • 0030837943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia of foals using two different inactivated vaccines
    • Varga J., Fodor L., Rusvai M., Soos I., Makrai L. Prevention of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia of foals using two different inactivated vaccines. Veterinary Microbiology 1997, 56:205-210.
    • (1997) Veterinary Microbiology , vol.56 , pp. 205-210
    • Varga, J.1    Fodor, L.2    Rusvai, M.3    Soos, I.4    Makrai, L.5
  • 73
    • 34548767585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of tulathromycin in the treatment of pulmonary abscesses in foals
    • Venner M., Kerth R., Klug E. Evaluation of tulathromycin in the treatment of pulmonary abscesses in foals. The Veterinary Journal 2007, 174:418-421.
    • (2007) The Veterinary Journal , vol.174 , pp. 418-421
    • Venner, M.1    Kerth, R.2    Klug, E.3
  • 74
    • 58249102966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of azithromycin in preventing pulmonary abscesses in foals
    • Venner M., Reinhold B., Beyerbach M., Feige K. Efficacy of azithromycin in preventing pulmonary abscesses in foals. The Veterinary Journal 2009, 179:301-303.
    • (2009) The Veterinary Journal , vol.179 , pp. 301-303
    • Venner, M.1    Reinhold, B.2    Beyerbach, M.3    Feige, K.4
  • 76
    • 34247627477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of oral doxycycline and concentrations in body fluids and bronchoalveolar cells of foals
    • Womble A., Giguere S., Lee E.A. Pharmacokinetics of oral doxycycline and concentrations in body fluids and bronchoalveolar cells of foals. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2007, 30:187-193.
    • (2007) Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics , vol.30 , pp. 187-193
    • Womble, A.1    Giguere, S.2    Lee, E.A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.