Review article: Part two: Goal-directed resuscitation - Which goals? Perfusion targets

EMA - Emergency Medicine Australasia

Volumn 24, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 127-135

  Holley, Anthony ^a,b   Lukin, William ^a,b   Paratz, Jennifer ^b   Hawkins, Tracey ^a   Boots, Robert ^a,b   Lipman, Jeffrey ^a,b  

^a ROYAL BRISBANE AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

Author keywords

End point; Goal directed; Perfusion; Resuscitation; Shock

Indexed keywords

CAPNOGRAPHY; HUMAN; METHODOLOGY; MICROCIRCULATION; NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESUSCITATION; REVIEW; TISSUE OXYGENATION; VIDEO MICROSCOPY;

HUMANS; ORGANIZATIONAL OBJECTIVES; PERFUSION; RESUSCITATION;

EID: 84859422554     PISSN: 17426731     EISSN: 17426723     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-6723.2011.01515.x     Document Type: Review

References (56)

1. Holley A, Udy A, Lipman J, Paratz J. The microcirculation, regional blood flow and tissue oxygenation: will new technologies drive new resuscitation goals? Anaesth. Intensive Care 2009; 37: 700-2.
2. Watts JA, Kline JA. Bench to bedside: the role of mitochondrial medicine in the pathogenesis and treatment of cellular injury. Acad. Emerg. Med. 2003; 10: 985-97.
3. Antonelli M, Levy M, Andrews PJ etal. Hemodynamic monitoring in shock and implications for management. International Consensus Conference, Paris, France, 27-28 April 2006. Intensive Care Med. 2007; 33: 575-90.
4. Englehart MS, Schreiber MA. Measurement of acid-base resuscitation endpoints: lactate, base deficit, bicarbonate or what? Curr. Opin. Crit. Care 2006; 12: 569-74.
5. Bakker J, Gris P, Coffernils M, Kahn RJ, Vincent JL. Serial blood lactate levels can predict the development of multiple organ failure following septic shock. Am. J. Surg. 1996; 171: 221-6.
6. van Beest PA, Mulder PJ, Oetomo SB, van den Broek B, Kuiper MA, Spronk PE. Measurement of lactate in a prehospital setting is related to outcome. Eur. J. Emerg. Med. 2009; 16: 318-22.
7. Casaletto JJ. Differential diagnosis of metabolic acidosis. Emerg. Med. Clin. North Am. 2005; 23: 771-87, ix.
8. Pattharanitima P, Tongyoo S, Ratanarat R, Wilachone W, Poompichet A, Permpikul C. Correlation of arterial, central venous and capillary lactate levels in septic shock patients. J. Med. Assoc. Thai. 2011; 94 (Suppl 1): S175-80.
9. Blow O, Magliore L, Claridge JA, Butler K, Young JS. The golden hour and the silver day: detection and correction of occult hypoperfusion within 24 hours improves outcome from major trauma. J. Trauma 1999; 47: 964-9.
10. Jones AE, Shapiro NI, Trzeciak S, Arnold RC, Claremont HA, Kline JA. Lactate clearance vs central venous oxygen saturation as goals of early sepsis therapy: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2010; 303: 739-46.
11. Sato Y, Weil MH, Tang W. Tissue hypercarbic acidosis as a marker of acute circulatory failure (shock). Chest 1998; 114: 263-74.
12. Creteur J. Gastric and sublingual capnometry. Curr. Opin. Crit. Care 2006; 12: 272-7.
13. Marik PE. Sublingual capnography: a clinical validation study. Chest 2001; 120: 923-7.
14. Friedman G, Berlot G, Kahn RJ, Vincent JL. Combined measurements of blood lactate concentrations and gastric intramucosal pH in patients with severe sepsis. Crit. Care Med. 1995; 23: 1184-93.
15. Gutierrez G, Palizas F, Doglio G etal. Gastric intramucosal pH as a therapeutic index of tissue oxygenation in critically ill patients. Lancet 1992; 339: 195-9.
16. Gutierrez G, Brown SD. Gastrointestinal tonometry: a monitor of regional dysoxia. New Horiz. 1996; 4: 413-19.
17. Hatherill M, Tibby SM, Evans R, Murdoch IA. Gastric tonometry in septic shock. Arch. Dis. Child. 1998; 78: 155-8.
18. Maar SP. Searching for the Holy Grail: a review of markers of tissue perfusion in pediatric critical care. Pediatr. Emerg. Care 2008; 24: 883-7.
19. 2 difference is a better marker of ischemia than intramural pH (pHi) or arterial pH-pHi difference. J. Crit. Care 1996; 11: 51-6.
20. Creteur J, De Backer D, Sakr Y, Koch M, Vincent JL. Sublingual capnometry tracks microcirculatory changes in septic patients. Intensive Care Med. 2006; 32: 516-23.
21. Marik PE. Regional carbon dioxide monitoring to assess the adequacy of tissue perfusion. Curr. Opin. Crit. Care 2005; 11: 245-51.
22. 2 during hemorrhagic shock. J. Appl. Physiol. 1998; 85: 2360-4.
23. Weil MH, Nakagawa Y, Tang W etal. Sublingual capnometry: a new noninvasive measurement for diagnosis and quantitation of severity of circulatory shock. Crit. Care Med. 1999; 27: 1225-9.
24. Nakagawa Y, Weil MH, Tang W etal. Sublingual capnometry for diagnosis and quantitation of circulatory shock. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1998; 157 (Pt 1): 1838-43.
25. Rackow EC, O'Neil P, Astiz ME, Carpati CM. Sublingual capnometry and indexes of tissue perfusion in patients with circulatory failure. Chest 2001; 120: 1633-8.
26. Marik PE, Bankov A. Sublingual capnometry versus traditional markers of tissue oxygenation in critically ill patients. Crit. Care Med. 2003; 31: 818-22.
27. Baron BJ, Dutton RP, Zehtabchi S etal. Sublingual capnometry for rapid determination of the severity of hemorrhagic shock. J. Trauma 2007; 62: 120-4.
28. 2 for detecting hemorrhage in penetrating trauma patients. J. Trauma 2004; 57: 69-74.
29. Maciel AT, Creteur J, Vincent JL. Tissue capnometry: does the answer lie under the tongue? Intensive Care Med. 2004; 30: 2157-65.
30. Gattas D, Ayer R, Suntharalingam G, Chapman M. Carbon dioxide monitoring and evidence-based practice - now you see it, now you don't. Crit. Care 2004; 8: 219-21.
31. Strehlow MC. Early identification of shock in critically ill patients. Emerg. Med. Clin. North Am. 2010; 28: 57-66.
32. Santora RJ, Moore FA. Monitoring trauma and intensive care unit resuscitation with tissue hemoglobin oxygen saturation. Crit. Care 2009; 13 (Suppl 5): S10.
33. Beilman GJ, Blondet JJ. Near-infrared spectroscopy-derived tissue oxygen saturation in battlefield injuries: a case series report. World J. Emerg. Surg. 2009; 4: 25.
34. Huang YC. Monitoring oxygen delivery in the critically ill. Chest 2005; 128 (Suppl 2): 554S-60S. doi 10.1186/1749-7922-4-25
35. Hutchinson Technology. Products. [Cited 1 December 2011.] Available from URL:
36. Lima A, van Bommel J, Jansen TC, Ince C, Bakker J. Low tissue oxygen saturation at the end of early goal-directed therapy is associated with worse outcome in critically ill patients. Crit. Care 2009; 13 (Suppl 5): S13.
37. Leone M, Blidi S, Antonini F etal. Oxygen tissue saturation is lower in nonsurvivors than in survivors after early resuscitation of septic shock. Anesthesiology 2009; 111: 366-71.
38. 2 in septic patients. Intensive Care Med. 2007; 33: 1549-56.
39. Payen D, Luengo C, Heyer L etal. Is thenar tissue hemoglobin oxygen saturation in septic shock related to macrohemodynamic variables and outcome? Crit. Care 2009; 13 (Suppl 5): S6.
40. Nanas S, Gerovasili V, Renieris P etal. Non-invasive assessment of the microcirculation in critically ill patients. Anaesth. Intensive Care 2009; 37: 733-9.
41. 2 in critically ill patients. Curr. Opin. Crit. Care 2008; 14: 361-6.
42. Beekley AC, Martin MJ, Nelson T etal. Continuous noninvasive tissue oximetry in the early evaluation of the combat casualty: a prospective study. J. Trauma 2010; 69 (Suppl 1): S14-25.
43. Cohn SM, Nathens AB, Moore FA etal. Tissue oxygen saturation predicts the development of organ dysfunction during traumatic shock resuscitation. J. Trauma 2007; 62: 44-54, discussion 54-5.
44. Jones N, Terblanche M. Tissue saturation measurement - exciting prospects, but standardisation and reference data still needed. Crit. Care 2010; 14: 1-2.
45. Buchele GL, Ospina-Tascon GA, De Backer D. How microcirculation data have changed my clinical practice. Curr. Opin. Crit. Care 2007; 13: 324-31.
46. Sakr Y, Dubois MJ, De Backer D, Creteur J, Vincent JL. Persistent microcirculatory alterations are associated with organ failure and death in patients with septic shock. Crit. Care Med. 2004; 32: 1825-31.
47. Hollenberg SM. Think locally: evaluation of the microcirculation in sepsis. Intensive Care Med. 2010; 36: 1807-9.
48. Harrois A, Dupic L, Duranteau J. Targeting the microcirculation in resuscitation of acutely unwell patients. Curr. Opin. Crit. Care 2011; 17: 303-7.
49. den Uil CA, Klijn E, Lagrand WK etal. The microcirculation in health and critical disease. Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis. 2008; 51: 161-70.
50. Fries M, Weil MH, Sun S etal. Increases in tissue Pco2 during circulatory shock reflect selective decreases in capillary blood flow. Crit. Care Med. 2006; 34: 446-52.
51. De Backer D, Hollenberg S, Boerma C etal. How to evaluate the microcirculation: report of a round table conference. Crit. Care 2007; 11: R101.
52. De Backer D, Creteur J, Preiser JC, Dubois MJ, Vincent JL. Microvascular blood flow is altered in patients with sepsis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2002; 166: 98-104.
53. Trzeciak S, Dellinger RP, Parrillo JE etal. Early microcirculatory perfusion derangements in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock: relationship to hemodynamics, oxygen transport, and survival. Ann. Emerg. Med. 2007; 49: 88-98, e1-2.
54. Trzeciak S, Cinel I, Phillip Dellinger R etal. Resuscitating the microcirculation in sepsis: the central role of nitric oxide, emerging concepts for novel therapies, and challenges for clinical trials. Acad. Emerg. Med. 2008; 15: 399-413.
55. Zanotti Cavazzoni SL, Dellinger RP. Hemodynamic optimization of sepsis-induced tissue hypoperfusion. Crit. Care 2006; 10 (Suppl 3): S2.
56. Bilkovski RN, Rivers EP, Horst HM. Targeted resuscitation strategies after injury. Curr. Opin. Crit. Care 2004; 10: 529-38.