Research infrastructures, policies and the 'web of prevention': The ethical implications of inadequate research environments

Medicine, Conflict and Survival

Volumn 28, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 19-30

  Bezuidenhout, Louise ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EXETER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

biosafety; biosecurity; dual use; ethics; international security; laboratory; responsibility

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BIOLOGICAL WARFARE; BIOMEDICINE; HUMAN; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; MANAGEMENT; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; RESEARCH ETHICS; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR;

BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE DISCIPLINES; BIOLOGICAL WARFARE; ETHICS, RESEARCH; HUMANS; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; POLICY MAKING; SECURITY MEASURES; SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY;

EID: 84859412005     PISSN: 13623699     EISSN: 17439396     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13623699.2012.658623     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Arendt, H. 1963. Eichmann in Jerusalem. A report on the banality of evil, New York: Penguin.
2. Barletta, M., Sands, A. and Tucker, J. B. 2002. Keeping track of anthrax: the case for a biosecurity convention. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 58: 57-62.
3. Bradford Disarmament Research Centre. 2010. Educational module resource (EMR) Available from: http://www.brad.ac.uk/bioethics/EducationalModuleResource/ [Accessed 30 December 2011]
4. Christakis, D. A. and Feudtner, C. 1993. Ethics in a short white coat: the ethical dilemmas that medical students confront. Academic Medicine, 68: 249-254.
5. CPGGH (Canadian Program on Genomics and Global Health), 2006. DNA for peace. Reconciling biodevelopment and biosecurity. Toronto: University of Toronto
6. Crandall, C. S. and Schaller, M. 2004. "Scientists and science: how individual goals shape collective norms". In The psychological foundations of culture, Edited by: Schaller, M. and Crandall, C. S. 201-224. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
7. Ehni, H. J. 2008. Dual use and the ethical responsibility of scientists. Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis, 56: 147-152.
8. Feakes, D., Rappert, B. and McLeish, C. 2007. "Introduction: a web of prevention?". In A web of prevention, Edited by: Rappert, B. and McLeish, C. 1-14. London: Earthscan.
9. Feudtner, C., Christakis, D. A. and Christakis, N. A. 1994. Do clinical clerks suffer ethical erosion? Students' perceptions of their ethical environment and personal development. Academic Medicine, 69: 670-679.
10. Fine, J. C. 2007. Investing in STI in Sub-Saharan Africa: lessons from collaborative initiatives in research and higher education, Washington, DC: World Bank Global Forum on Capacity Building for Science Technology and Innovation.
11. Hundert, E. M., Hafferty, F. W. and Christakis, D. 1996. Characteristics of the informal curriculum and trainees' ethical choices. Academic Medicine, 71: 624-633.
12. Jonas, H., 1984. The imperative of responsibility: in search of ethics for the technological age. Chicago: University of Chicago Press
13. Kirigia, J. M., Wambebe, C., Baba-Moussa, A., 2005. Status of national research bioethics committees in the WHO African region. BMC Medical Ethics, 6 (10)
14. Kuhlau, F., Eriksson, S., Evers, K. and Hoglund, A. T. 2008. Taking due care: moral obligations in dual use research. Bioethics, 22: 477-487.
15. Kuhlau, F., Hoglund, A. T., Evers, K. and Eriksson, S. 2009. A precautionary principle for dual use research in the life sciences. Bioethics, 25: 1-8.
16. Levinas, E., 1961. Totality and infinity: an essay on exteriority. Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press, (republished 1994)
17. McLeish, C. and Nightingale, P. 2007. Biosecurity, bioterrorism and the governance of science: the increasing convergence of science and security policy. Research Policy, 36: 1635-1653.
18. Miller, S. and Selgelid, M. J. 2007. Ethical and philosophical considerations of the dual-use dilemma in the biological sciences. Science and Engineering Ethics, 13: 523-580.
19. NSABB (National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity). 2006. Globalization, biosecurity and the future of the life sciences, Washington, DC: National Research Council.
20. Rappert, B. 2007. Biotechnology, security and the search for limits, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
21. Rappert, B. 2010. Education and ethics in the life sciences: strengthening the prohibition of biological weapons, Canberra: Australian National University Press.
22. Rappert, B. and McLeish, C. 2007. A web of prevention. Biological weapons, life sciences and the governance of research, London: Earthscan (Science in Society Series).
23. US Department of Agriculture (Foreign Agricultural Service). 2003. Twenty-first century agriculture. A critical role for science and technology, Sacramento: US Department of Agriculture.
24. van Aken, J. 2006. When risk outweighs benefit: dual-use research needs a scientifically sound risk-benefit analysis and legally binding biosecurity measures. EMBO (European Molecular Biology Organization) Reports, 7: S10-S13. Available from: www.nature.com/embor/journal/v7/n1s/index.html [Accessed 30 December 2011]
25. van Aken, J., Johannsen, S. and Kollek, R. 2004. Biosecurity must be internationally supervised. Nature, 431: 17
26. Weatherall, D., Greenwood, B., Chee, H. L. and Wasi, P. 2006. "Science and technology for disease control: past, present and future". In Disease control priorities in developing countries, Edited by: Jamison, D. T., Breman, J. G. and Measham, A. R. 119-137. Washington, DC: World Bank.
27. World Health Organisation. 2009. Good laboratory practice manual Available in 'Trainee' and 'Trainer' versions from: http://apps.who.int/tdr/svc/publications/training-guideline-publications/good-laboratory-practice-manual-trainee-ver1 and http://apps.who.int/tdr/svc/publications/training-guideline-publications/good-laboratory-practice-manual-trainer [Accessed 15 October 2011]