Status of thyroid function in Indian adults: Two decades after universal salt Iodization

Journal of Association of Physicians of India

Volumn 60, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 32-36

  Marwaha, Raman Kumar ^a   Tandon, Nikhil ^a   Ganie, Mohd Ashraf ^a   Kanwar, Ratnesh ^a   Sastry, Aparna ^b   Garg, M K ^a   Bhadra, Kuntal ^c   Singh, Satveer ^d  

^a INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND ALLIED SCIENCES   (India)

^b Army Referral and Research Hospital   (India)

^c ALL INDIA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (India)

^d SHER I KASHMIR INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (India)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AUTOANTIBODY; IODIDE PEROXIDASE; IODINE; IODIZED SALT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; BLOOD; ECHOGRAPHY; FEMALE; GOITER; HUMAN; HYPOTHYROIDISM; IMMUNOLOGY; INDIA; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PHYSIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; REVIEW; SALT INTAKE; THYROID GLAND; THYROID NODULE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; AUTOANTIBODIES; FEMALE; GOITER; HUMANS; HYPOTHYROIDISM; INDIA; IODIDE PEROXIDASE; IODINE; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PREVALENCE; SODIUM CHLORIDE, DIETARY; THYROID GLAND; THYROID NODULE; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84859299511     PISSN: 00045772     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (35)

1. Larsen PR, Davies TF, Schlumberger MJ, et al Thyroid Physiology and diagnostic evaluation of patients with thyroid disorders. In: Larsen PR, Kronenberg HM, Melmed S, Polonsky KS (eds) Williams Textbook of endocrinology, 10th edition. Philadelphia, Saunders; 2002:P331-373.
2. Stanbury JB, Ermans AE, Bordoux P,et al. Iodine-induced hyperthyroidism: occurrence and epidemiology. Thyroid 1998;8:83-100.
3. Gopalakrishan S, Singh SP, Prasad WR, et al. Prevalence of goitre and autoimmune thyroiditis in schoolchildren in Delhi, India, after two decades of salt iodisation. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2006;19:889-93.
4. Kabelitz, M, Liesenkotter KP, Stach B et al The prevalence of antithyroid peroxidase antibodies and autoimmune thyroiditis in children and adolescents in an iodine replete area. Eur J Endocrinol 2003;148:301-7.
5. Marwaha RK, Tandon N, Gupta N et al Residual goitre in the postiodization phase: iodine status, thiocyanate exposure and autoimmunity. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2003;59:672-81.
6. International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders, UNICEF, World Health Organization Assessment of Iodine Deficiency Disorders and Monitoring their Elimination: A Guide for Programme Managers. 2nd ed. Geneva: 2001 World Health Organization.
7. Pedersen OM, Aardal NP, Larssen TB et al. The value of ultrasonography in predicting autoimmune thyroid disease. Thyroid 2000;10:251-9.
8. Usha Menon, Sundaram KR, Unnikrishnan AG et al. High prevalence of undetected thyroid disorders in an iodine sufficient adult South Indian population. J Indian Med Assoc 2009;107:72-7.
9. Yadav S, Gupta SK, Godbole MM et al. Persistence of severe iodine-deficiency disorders despite universal salt iodization in an iodine-deficient area in northern India. Public Health Nutr 2010; 13: 424-9.
10. Yu X, Fan C, Shan Z et al A five-year follow-up study of goitr and thyroid nodules in three regions with different iodine intakes in China. J Endocrinol Invest 2003;12:43-50.
11. Knudsen N, Bü low I, Jorgensen T et al. Goitre prevalence and thyroid abnormalities at ultrasonography: a comparative epidemiological study in two regions with slightly different iodine status. Clinical Endocrinol 2000;53:479-485.
12. Szabolcs I, Podoba J, Feldkamp J et al. Comparative screening for thyroid disorders in old age in areas of iodine deficiency, long-term iodine prophylaxis and abundant iodine intake. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1997;47:87-92.
13. Vanderpump MP, Tunbridge WM, French JM et al. The incidence of thyroid disorders in the community: a twenty-year follow-up of the Whickham Survey. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1995;43:55-68.
14. Aminorroaya A, Janghorbani M, Amini M et al. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in an iodine-sufficient area in Iran. Arch Iran Med 2009;12:262-70.
15. Hsiao YL, Chang TC. Prevalence of goiter in Taiwanese adults: a preliminary study. J Formos Med Assoc 1995;94:97-9.
16. Rago T, Chiovato, Aghini-Lombardi F et al. Non-palpable thyroid nodules in a borderline iodine sufficient area: detection by ultrasound and follow up. J Endocrinol Invest 2001;24:770-6.
17. Parham M, Aminorroaya A, Amini M. Prevalence of palpable thyroid nodule in Isfahan, Iran, 2006: a population based study. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2009;11:7209-13.
18. Bartolotta TV, Midiri M, Runza G et al Incidentally discovered thyroid nodules: incidence, and greyscale and colour Doppler pattern in an adult population screened by real-time compound spatial sonography. Radiol Med 2006;111:989-98.
19. Reiners C, Schumm-Draeger PM, Geling M et al. Thyroid gland ultrasound screening (Papillon Initiative). Report of 15 incidentally detected thyroid cancers. Internist (Berl) 2003;44:412-9.
20. Guth S, Theune U, Aberle J et al. Very high prevalence of thyroid nodules detected by high frequency (13 MHz) ultrasound examination. Eur J Clin Invest 2009;39:699-706.
21. Quinn FA, Tam MC, Wong PT et al. Thyroid autoimmunity and thyroid hormone reference intervals in apparently healthy Chinese adults. Clin Chim Acta.2009; 405:156-9
22. Vejbjerg P, Knudsen N, Perrild Het al. The association between hypoechogenicity or irregular echopattern at thyroid ultrasonography and thyroid function in the general population. Eur J Endocrinol 2006;155:547-52.
23. Marcocci C, Vitti P, Cetani F et al. Thyroid ultrasonography helps to identify patients with diffuse lymphocytic thyroiditis who are prone to develop hypothyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991;72:209-13.
24. Marwaha RK, Tandon N, Kanwar R et al. Evaluation of the role of ultrasonography in diagnosis of autoimmune thyroiditis in goitrous children. Indian Pediatr 2008;45:279-84.
25. Okosieme OE, Taylor RC, Ohwovoriole AE et al. Prevalence of thyroid antibodies in Nigerian patients. QJM 2007;100:107-12.
26. Camargo RY, Tomimori EK, Neves SC et al. Thyroid and the environment: exposure to excessive nutritional iodine increases the prevalence of thyroid disorders in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Eur J Endocrinol 2008;159:293-9.
27. Pedersen IB, Knudsen N, Jørgensen T et al. Thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin auto antibodies in a large survey of populations with mild and moderate iodine deficiency. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2003;58:36-42.
28. Spencer CA, Hollowell JG, Kazarosyan M et al. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-thyroperoxidase antibody relationships demonstrate that TSH upper reference limits may be skewed by occult thyroid dysfunction. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:4236-40.
29. Salabè-Lotz H, Salabè GB. Population survey of thyroid autoimmunity in Italy. Three year follow up. Thyroidology 1990;21:07-12.
30. Andersen S, Iversen F, Terpling S et al. More hypothyroidism and less hyperthyroidism with sufficient iodine nutrition compared to mild iodine deficiency--a comparative population-based study of older people. Maturitas 2009;64:126-31.
31. Völzke H, Lüdemann J, Robinson DM et al. The prevalence of undiagnosed thyroid disorders in a previously iodine-deficient area. Thyroid 2003;13:803-10.
32. Brahmbhatt SR, Fernley R, Brahmbhatt RM, et al. Study of biochemical prevalence of indicators for the assessment of iodine deficiency disorders in adults at field conditions at Gujarat (India). Asia Pacific J Clin Nutr 2001;10:51-57.
33. Canaris GJ, Manowitx NR, Mayor G et al. The Colorado thyroid disease prevalence study. Archives of Internal Medicine 2000; 160: 526-534.
34. Konno N, Yuri K, Taguchi Het al. Screening for thyroid diseases in an iodine- sufficient area with sensitive thyrotrophin assays, and serum thyroid autoantibody and urinary iodide determinations. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1993;38:273-281.
35. Schaaf L, Pohl T, Schmidt R et al. Screening for thyroid disorders in a working population. Clin Investig 1993;71:126-31.