A comparative study of the effects of clozapine and risperidone monotherapy on lipid profile in Nigerian patients with schizophrenia

International Journal of Pharmacology

Volumn 8, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 170-176

  Idomje, O B ^a   Festus, O O ^a   Akpamu, U ^a   Okhiai, O ^a   Inbhogbe, O I ^a   Iyalomhe, G B S ^a  

^a Ambrose Alii University Ekpoma   (Nigeria)

Author keywords

Atypical antipsychotics; Clozapine; Dyslipidaemia; Lipid profile; Risperidone; Schizophrenia

Indexed keywords

CLOZAPINE; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; RISPERIDONE; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; VERY LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL;

ADULT; ARTICLE; ATHEROGENESIS; BLOOD SAMPLING; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; DRUG DOSE INCREASE; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG MECHANISM; DYSLIPIDEMIA; ETHNIC GROUP; FEMALE; HUMAN; LIPID ANALYSIS; MALE; MENTAL HOSPITAL; MONOTHERAPY; NIGERIA; NIGERIAN; SCHIZOPHRENIA; TRIACYLGLYCEROL BLOOD LEVEL;

EID: 84859068393     PISSN: 18117775     EISSN: 18125700     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2012.169.176     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. American Diabetes Association, 2004. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care, 27: S5-S10.
2. Ariola, O.G. and O.B. Idomje, 2009. Status of plasma nitric oxide and non enzymatic antioxidants before and after antipsychotic treatment in Nigeria patients with Schizophrenia. J. Res. Med. Sci.,14: 37-42.
3. Assman, G. andH. Schulte, 1992. Relation of high density lipoprotein cholesterol andtriglycerides to incidence of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (the PRO CAM experience). Am. J. Cardiol, 70: 733-737.
4. Bellivier, F., 2005. Schizophrenia, antipsychotics and diabetes: genetic aspects. Eur. Psychiatry, 20: S335-S339.
5. Birkenaes, A.B., K.I. Birkeland, J.A. Engh, A. Faerden and H. Jonsdottir et al, 2008. Dyslipidemia independent of body mass in antipsychotic-treated patients under real-life conditions. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol, 28: 132-137.
6. Brown, S., H. Inskip and B. Barraclough, 2000. Causes of the excess mortality of schizophrenia. Br. J. Psychiatry, 177: 212-217.
7. Brown, S., J. Birtwistle, L. Roe and C. Thompson, 1999. The unhealthy lifestyle of people with schizophrenia. Psychol. Med., 29: 697-701.
8. Casey, D.E., D.W. Haupt, J.W. Newcomer, D.C. Henderson and M.J. Sernyak et al, 2004. Antipsychotic-induced weight gain and metabolic abnormalities: implications for increased mortality in patients with schizophrenia. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 65: 4-18.
9. Chrzanowski, W.K., R.N. Marcus, A. Torbeyns, M. Nyilas and R.D. McQuade, 2006. Effectiveness of long-term aripiprazole therapy in patients with acutely relapsing or chronic, stable schizophrenia: A 52-week, open-label comparison with olanzapine. Psychopharmacol, 189: 259-266.
10. Cohen, D., 2004. Atypical antipsychotics and new onset diabetes mellitus. An overview of the literature. Pharmacopsychiatry, 37: 1-11.
11. Compton, M.T., G.L. Daumit and B.G. Druss, 2006. Cigarette smoking and overweight/obesity among individuals with serious mental illnesses: A preventive perspective. Harv. Rev. Psychiatry, 14: 212-222.
12. Davidson, S., F. Judd, D. Jolley, B. Hocking, S. Thompson and B. Hyland, 2001. Cardiovascular risk factors for people with mental illness. Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry, 35: 196-202.
13. De Leon, J., M.T. Susce, M. Johnson, M. Hardin and L. Pointer et al, 2007. A clinical study of the association of antipsychotics with hyperlipidemia. Schizophr. Res., 92: 95-102.
14. Friedewald, W.T., R.I. Levy and D.S. Fredrickson, 1972. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin. Chem., 18: 499-502.
15. Erickson, S.K., S.R Lear, M.A. Barker and T.A. Musliner, 1990. Regulation of cholesterol metabolism in the ethionine-induced premalignant rat liver. J. LipidRes., 31: 933-945.
16. Ganiyu, A., B. Idonije, K. Akinlade and O. Ihenyen, 2010. Essential trace metals and heavy metals in newly diagnosed schizophrenic patients and those on antipsychotic medication. J. Res. Med. Sci., 15: 245-249.
17. Ginsberg, H.N. and L.S. Huang, 2000. The insulin resistance syndrome: impact on lipoprotein metabolism and atherothrombosis. J. Cardiovasc Risk, 7: 325-331.
18. Goff, D.C, L.M. Sullivan, J.P. McEvoy, J.M. Meyer and H.A. Nasrallahe^a/. 2005. A comparison of ten-year cardiac risk estimates in schizophrenia patients from the CATIE study and matched controls. Schizophr Res., 80: 45-53.
19. Golebiewski, K. and J. Kim, 2006. Antipsychotic monitoring. Graylands Hosp. Drug Bull., 14: 1-4.
20. Gough, S.C. and M.C. O'Donovan, 2005. Clustering of metabolic comorbidity in schizophrenia: A genetic contribution? J. Psychopharmacol, 19: 47-55.
21. Grant B.F., D.S. Hasm, S.P. Chou, F.S. Sfinson and D.A. Dawson, 2004. Nicotine dependence and psychiatric disorders in the United States: Results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 61: 1107-1115.
22. Hagg, S., Y. Lindblom, T. Mjorndal and R. Adolfsson, 2006. High prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among a Swedish cohort of patients with schizophrenia. Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol, 21: 93-98.
23. Haro, J.M. and L. Salvador-Carulla, 2006. The SOHO (Schizophrenia Outpatient Health Outcome) study: implications for the treatment of schizophrenia. CNS Drugs, 20: 293-301.
24. Harrington, C, R. Gregorian, E. Gemmen, C. Hughes and K. Golden et al., 2000. Access and utilization of new antidepressant and antipsychotic medications. The Lewin Group, Falls Church, VA., USA. http: //www. lewin. com/publications /Publication/19/
25. Harris, E.C. and B. Barraclough, 1998. Excess mortality of mental disorder. Br. J. Psychiatry, 173: 11-53.
26. Hasnain, M., W.V.R. Vieweg, S.K. Fredrickson, M. Beatty-Brooks, A. Fernandez and A.K. Pandurangi, 2009. Clinical monitoring and management of the metabolic syndrome in patients receiving atypical antipsychotic medications. Primary Care Diabetes, 3: 5-15.
27. Henderson, D.C., E. Cagliero, C. Gray, R.A. Nasrallah, D.L. Hayden, D.A. Schoenfeld and D.C. Goff, 2000. Clozapine, diabetes mellitus, weight gain and lipid abnormalities: A five-year naturalistic study. Am. J. Psychiatry, 157: 975-981.
28. Henderson, D.C, E. Cagliero, P.M. Copeland, C.P. Borba and E. Evins et al., 2005. Glucose metabolism in patients with schizophrenia treated with atypical antipsychotic agents: a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test and minimal model analysis. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 62: 19-28.
29. Huang, T.L. and J.F. Chen, 2005. Serum lipid profiles and schizophrenia: Effects of conventional or atypical antipsychotic drugs in Taiwan. Schizophre Res., 80: 55-59.
30. Huang, T.L. and S.C. Wu, 2000. Serum cholesterol levels in paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenia associated with physical violence or suicide attempts in Taiwanese. Psychiatr Res., 96: 175-178.
31. Huang, T.L., 2001. Serum cholesterol levels in affective disorders associated with physical violence or suicide attempts in Taiwanese. Chang Gung Med. J., 24: 563-568.
32. Idonije, B., K.S. Akindele, O.G. Arionla and I. Olabisi, 2009. Acute phase proteins and immunoglobulin classes in newly diagnosed Nigerian Schizophrenic patients and those on Antipsychotic drug treatment. TanzanianMed. J., 24: 7-9.
33. Khalili, H., S. Dashti-Khavidaki, H. Okhovatpour and P. Ghaeli, 2007. Effects of risperidone on lipid profile. Ann. Pharmacother, 41: 899-900.
34. Kinon, BJ., I. Lipkovich, S.T. Edwards, D.H. Adams, H. Scher-Svanum and S.G. Siris, 2006. A 24-week randomized study of olanzapine versus ziprasidone in the treatment of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder in patients with prominent depressive symptoms. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 26: 157-157.
35. Koller, E.A., J. Weber, P.M. Doraiswamy, 2004. A survey of reports of quetiapine-associated hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 65: 857-863.
36. Le Noury, J., A. Khan, M. Harris, W. Wong and D. Williams et al., 2008. The incidence and prevalence of diabetes in patients with serious mental illness in North West Wales: Two cohorts, 1875-1924 and 1994-2006 compared. BMC Psychiatry, Vol. 8 10.1186/1471-244X-8-67.
37. Manninen, V., L. Tenkanen, P. Koskinen, J.K. Huttunen, M. Manttari, O.P. Heinonen and M.H. Frick, 1992. Joint effects of serum triglyceride and LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol concentrations on coronary heart disease risk in the Helsinki Heart Study, Circulation, 85: 37-45.
38. Masoudzadeh, A. and A.R. Khalilian, 2007. Comparative study of clozapine, electroshock and the combination of ECT with clozapine in treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients. Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 10: 4287-4290.
39. McEvoy, J.P., J.M. Meyer, D.C. Goff, H.A. Nasrallah, S.M. Davis, L. Sullivan, H.Y. Meltzer, J. Hsiao, T. Scott Stroup and J.A. Liebeiman, 2005. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia: Baseline results from the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) schizophrenia trial and comparison with national estimates from NHANES III. Schizophr. Res., 80: 19-32.
40. Meyer, J.M. and C.E. Koro, 2004. The effects of antipsychotic therapy on serum lipids: A comprehensive review. Schizophr Res., 70: 1-17.
41. Meyer, J.M., 2003. Cardiovascular Illness and Hyperlipidemia in Patients with Schizophrenia. In: Medical Illness and Schizophrenia, Meyer, J.M. and H.A. Nasrallah (Eds.). American Psychiatric Publishing Inc., Washington and London, pp: 53-80.
42. Mokdad, A.H., M.K. Serdula, W.H. Dietz, B.A. Bowman, J.S. Marks and J.P. Koplan, 1999. The spread of the obesity epidemic in the United States. JAMA., 282: 1519-1522.
43. Muck-Seler, D., N. Pivac, M. Jakovljevic and Z. Brzovic, 1999. Platelet serotonin, plasma cortisol and dexamethasone suppression test in schizophrenic patients. Bio. Psychiatry, 45: 1433-1439.
44. Must, A., J. Spadano, E.H. Coakley, A.E. Field, G. Colditz and W.H. Dietz, 1999. The disease burden associated with overweight and obesity. J. Am. Med. Assoc, 282: 1523-1529.
45. National Cholesterol Education Program, 2001. Executive summary of the third report of the national cholesterol education program (NCEP): Expert panel on detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult treatment Panel III). JAMA., 285: 2486-2497.
46. Newcomer, J.W. and D.W. Haupt, 2006. The metabolic effects of antipsychotic medications. Can. J. Psychiatry, 51: 480-491.
47. Newcomer, J.W., 2005. Second-generation (atypical) antipsychotics and metabolic effects: A comprehensive literature review. CNSDrug., 19: 1-93.
48. Newcomer, J.W., 2006. Medical risk in patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. J. Clin. Psychiatry., 67: 25-30.
49. Newcomer, J.W., 2007. Antipsychotic medications: metabolic and cardiovascular risk. J. Clin. Psychiatry., 68: 8-13.
50. Newcomer, J.W., D.W. Haupt, R. Fucetola, A.K. Melson, J.A. Schweiger, B.P. Cooper and G. Selke, 2002. Abnormalities in glucose regulation during antipsychotic treatment of schizophrenia. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 59: 337-345.
51. Newman, S.C. and R.C. Bland, 1991. Mortality in a cohort of patients with schizophrenia: A record linkage study. Can. J. Psychiatry, 36: 239-245.
52. Nicholls, D.G., S.A. Cunningham andE. Rial, 1986. The Bioenergetic Mechanisms of Brown Adipose Tissue Therm ogenes is, In: Brown Adipose Tissue, Trayhurn, Ingham andE. Rial, 1986. The Bioenergetic Mechanisms of Brown Adipose Tissue Therm ogenes is, In: Brown Adipose Tissue, Trayhurn, P. and D.G. Nicholls (Eds.). Edward Arnold, London, pp: 52-85.
53. Osser, D.N., D.M. Najarian and R.L. Dufresne, 1999. Olanzapine increases weight and serum triglyceride levels. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 60: 767-770.
54. Perez-Iglesias, R., B. Crespo-Facorro, J.A. Amado, M.T. Garcia-Unzuetaand.M.L Ramirez-Bonillaea. 2007. A 12-week randomized clinical trial to evaluate metabolic changes in drug-naive, first-episode psychosis patients treated with haloperidol, olanzapine, or risperidone. J. Clin. Psychiatry., 68: 1733-1740.
55. Perkins,O.D.,2004.Antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia: Pathophysiology and clinical consequences. Advance Studies Med., 4: S982-S986.
56. Rettenbacher, M.A., C. Ebenbichler, A. Hofer, G. Kemmler and S. Baumgartner et al., 2006. Early changes of plasma lipids during treatment with atypical antipsychotics. Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol, 21: 369-372.
57. Saari, K.M., S.M. Lindeman, K.M. Viilo, M.K. Isohanni, M.R. Jarvelin, L.H. Lauren, M.J. Savolainen and H.J. Koponen, 2005. A 4-fold risk of metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia: The Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort study. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 66: 559-563.
58. Scheen, A.J. and M.A. De Hert, 2007. Abnormal glucose metabolism in patients treated with antipsychotics. Diabetes Metab., 33: 169-175.
59. Sheu, W.H., S.M. Shieh, M.M. Fuh, D.D. Shen, C.Y. Jeng, Y.D. Chen and G.M. Reaven, 1993. Insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia versus hypercholesterolemia. Artenoscler Thromb, 13: 367-370.
60. Spurling, R.D., J. S. Lamberti, D. Olsen, X. Tu and X. Tang, 2007. Changes in metabolic parameters with switching to aripiprazole from another second-generation antipsychotic: A retrospective chart review. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 68: 406-409.
61. Su, K.P., P.L. Wu and CM. Pariante, 2005. A crossover study on lipid and weight changes associated with olanzapine and risperidone, Psychopharmacol, 183: 383-386.
62. Taylor, D., C. Paton and R. Kerwin, 2005. The Maudsley 2005-2006 Prescribing Guidelines. 8th Edn., Informa Healthcare Inc., London, UK., ISBN-13: 9780415391658, Pages: 304.
63. Tsang, T.M., J.T. Huang, E. Holmes and S. Bahn, 2006. Metabolic profiling of plasma from discordant schizophrenia twins: Correlation between lipid signals and global functioning in female schizophrenia patients. J. Proteome Res., 5: 756-760.
64. Tschoner, J.E., M. Laimer, S. Kaser, M. Rettenbacher, W.W. Fleischhacker, J.R. Patschand. C.F. Ebenbichler, 2007. Metabolic side effects of antipsychotic medication. Int. J. Clin. Pract, 61: 1356-1370.
65. Van Winkel, R., M. De Hert, D. Van Eyck, L. Hanssens, M. Wampers, A. Scheen and J. Peuskens, 2008. Prevalence of diabetes and the metabolic syndrome in a sample of patients with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord., 10: 342-348.
66. Weinbrenner, A., V. Peus, V. Inta, S. Englisch and M. Zink, 2009. Risperidone-Associated Increase in Triglyceride Levels. Am. J. Psychiatry., 166: 113-114.
67. Wirshmg, D.A., J.A. Boyd, L.R. Meng, J.S. Ballon, S.R. Marder and W.C. Wirshmg, 2002. The effects of novel antipsychotics on glucose and lipid levels. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 63: 856-865.
68. Wu, R.R., J.P. Zhao, Z.N. Liu, J.G. Zhai, X.F. Guo, W.B. Guo and J.S. Tang, 2006. Effects of typical andatypical antipsychotics on glucose-insulin homeostasis and lipid metabolism in first-episode schizophrenia. Psychopharmacol, 186: 572-578.
69. Yumru, M., H.A. Savas, E. Kurt, M.C. Kaya, S. Selek, E. Savas, E.T. Oral and I. Atagun, 2007. Atypical antipsychotics related metabolic syndrome in bipolar patients. J. Affect. Disord., 98: 247-252.