메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 2, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 341-353

Can balancing selection on MHC loci counteract genetic drift in small fragmented populations of black grouse?

Author keywords

Fragmentation; Genetic drift; MHC; Population isolation; SNP

Indexed keywords

TETRAO TETRIX;

EID: 84859031464     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20457758     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ece3.86     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (54)

References (84)
  • 1
    • 0141906788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid evolutionary dynamics and disease threats to biodiversity
    • Altizer, S., D. Harvell, and E. Friedle. 2003. Rapid evolutionary dynamics and disease threats to biodiversity. Trends Ecol. Evol. 18:589-596.
    • (2003) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.18 , pp. 589-596
    • Altizer, S.1    Harvell, D.2    Friedle, E.3
  • 2
    • 0035206919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When does conservation genetics matter?
    • Amos,W., and A. Balmford. 2001.When does conservation genetics matter?Heredity 87:257-265.
    • (2001) Heredity , vol.87 , pp. 257-265
    • Amos, W.1    Balmford, A.2
  • 3
    • 49649129741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LOSITAN: a workbench to detect molecular adaptation based on a FST-outlier method
    • Antao, T., A. Lopes, R. Lopes, A. Beja-Pereira, and G. Luikart. 2008. LOSITAN: a workbench to detect molecular adaptation based on a FST-outlier method. BMC Bioinforma. 9:323.
    • (2008) BMC Bioinforma , vol.9 , pp. 323
    • Antao, T.1    Lopes, A.2    Lopes, R.3    Beja-Pereira, A.4    Luikart, G.5
  • 5
    • 4644243715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does heterozygosity estimate inbreeding in real populations?
    • Balloux, F.,W. Amos, and T. Coulson. 2004. Does heterozygosity estimate inbreeding in real populations?Mol. Ecol. 13:3021-3031.
    • (2004) Mol Ecol , vol.13 , pp. 3021-3031
    • Balloux, F.1    Amos, W.2    Coulson, T.3
  • 7
    • 0030467524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating loci for use in the genetic analysis of population structure
    • Beaumont, M., and R. Nichols. 1996. Evaluating loci for use in the genetic analysis of population structure. Proc. Biol. Sci. 263:1619-1626.
    • (1996) Proc. Biol. Sci. , vol.263 , pp. 1619-1626
    • Beaumont, M.1    Nichols, R.2
  • 8
    • 1642269679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying adaptive genetic divergence among populations from genome scans
    • Beaumont, M. A., and D. J. Balding. 2004. Identifying adaptive genetic divergence among populations from genome scans. Mol. Ecol. 13:969-980.
    • (2004) Mol. Ecol. , vol.13 , pp. 969-980
    • Beaumont, M.A.1    Balding, D.J.2
  • 9
    • 0037391888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neutral DNA markers fail to detect genetic divergence in an ecologically important trait
    • Bekessy, S. A., R. A. Ennos, M. A. Burgman, A. C. Newton, and P. K. Ades. 2003. Neutral DNA markers fail to detect genetic divergence in an ecologically important trait. Biol. Conserv. 10:267-275.
    • (2003) Biol. Conserv. , vol.10 , pp. 267-275
    • Bekessy, S.A.1    Ennos, R.A.2    Burgman, M.A.3    Newton, A.C.4    Ades, P.K.5
  • 12
    • 59449109342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multilocus assay reveals high nucleotide diversity and limited differentiation among Scandinavian willow grouse (Lagopus lagopus)
    • Berlin, S., M. Quintela, and J. Höglund. 2008. A multilocus assay reveals high nucleotide diversity and limited differentiation among Scandinavian willow grouse (Lagopus lagopus). BMC Genet. 9:89.
    • (2008) BMC Genet , vol.9 , pp. 89
    • Berlin, S.1    Quintela, M.2    Höglund, J.3
  • 14
    • 11444268976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Terminal investment induced by immune challenge and fitness traits associated with major histocompatibility complex in the house sparrow
    • Bonneaud, C., J. Mazuc, O. Chastel, H.Westerdahl, G. Sorci, and R. Poulin. 2004. Terminal investment induced by immune challenge and fitness traits associated with major histocompatibility complex in the house sparrow. Evolution 58:2823-2830.
    • (2004) Evolution , vol.58 , pp. 2823-2830
    • Bonneaud, C.1    Mazuc, J.2    Chastel, O.3    Westerdahl, H.4    Sorci, G.5    Poulin, R.6
  • 15
    • 33646831806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Major histocompatibility alleles associated with local resistance to malaria in a passerine
    • Bonneaud, C., J. Pérez-Tris, P. Federici, O. Chastel, G. Sorci, and J. Koella. 2006. Major histocompatibility alleles associated with local resistance to malaria in a passerine. Evolution 60:383- 389.
    • (2006) Evolution , vol.60 , pp. 383-389
    • Bonneaud, C.1    Pérez-Tris, J.2    Federici, P.3    Chastel, O.4    Sorci, G.5    Koella, J.6
  • 16
    • 77955367852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MHC- dependent survival in a wild population: evidence for hidden genetic benefits gained through extra-pair fertilizations
    • Brouwer, L., I. Barr,M. Van De Pol, T. Burke, J. A. N. Komdeur, and D. S. Richardson. 2010. MHC-dependent survival in a wild population: evidence for hidden genetic benefits gained through extra-pair fertilizations. Mol. Ecol. 19:3444-3455.
    • (2010) Mol. Ecol. , vol.19 , pp. 3444-3455
    • Brouwer, L.1    Barr, I.2    Van De Pol, M.3    Burke, T.4    Komdeur, J.A.N.5    Richardson, D.S.6
  • 17
    • 0028179911 scopus 로고
    • Directions in conservation biology
    • Caughley, G. 1994. Directions in conservation biology. J. Anim. Ecol. 63:215-244.
    • (1994) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.63 , pp. 215-244
    • Caughley, G.1
  • 18
    • 84889038776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SPADE (species prediction and diversity estimation). Available at
    • Chao, A. and T. J. Shen. 2010. SPADE (species prediction and diversity estimation). Available at: http://chao.stat.nthu.edu.tw/softwareCE.html.
    • (2010)
    • Chao, A.1    Shen, T.J.2
  • 19
    • 0031450133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of local selection, balanced polymorphism and background selection on equilibrium patterns of genetic diversity in subdivided populations
    • Charlesworth, B., M. Nordborg, and D. Charlesworth. 1997. The effects of local selection, balanced polymorphism and background selection on equilibrium patterns of genetic diversity in subdivided populations. Genet. Res. 70:155-174.
    • (1997) Genet. Res. , vol.70 , pp. 155-174
    • Charlesworth, B.1    Nordborg, M.2    Charlesworth, D.3
  • 20
    • 77953067304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SMOGD: software for the measurement of genetic diversity
    • Crawford, N. G. 2010. SMOGD: software for the measurement of genetic diversity. Mol. Ecol. Resour. 10:556-557.
    • (2010) Mol. Ecol. Resour. , vol.10 , pp. 556-557
    • Crawford, N.G.1
  • 21
    • 80051669124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid loss of MHC class II variation in a bottlenecked population is explained by drift and loss of copy number variation
    • Eimes, J. A., J. L. Bollmer, L. A.Whittingham, J. A. Johnson, C. Van Oosterhout, and P. O. Dunn. 2011. Rapid loss of MHC class II variation in a bottlenecked population is explained by drift and loss of copy number variation. J. Evol. Biol. 24:1847-1856.
    • (2011) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.24 , pp. 1847-1856
    • Eimes, J.A.1    Bollmer, J.L.2    Whittingham, L.A.3    Johnson, J.A.4    Van Oosterhout, C.5    Dunn, P.O.6
  • 22
    • 78650983982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MHC diversity in bottlenecked populations: a simulation model
    • Ejsmond, M. J., and J. Radwan. 2011. MHC diversity in bottlenecked populations: a simulation model. Conserv. Genet. 12:129-137.
    • (2011) Conserv. Genet. , vol.12 , pp. 129-137
    • Ejsmond, M.J.1    Radwan, J.2
  • 24
    • 0027879840 scopus 로고
    • Population genetic consequences of small population size: implications for plant conservation
    • Ellstrand, N. C., and D. R. Elam. 1993. Population genetic consequences of small population size: implications for plant conservation. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 24:217-242.
    • (1993) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , vol.24 , pp. 217-242
    • Ellstrand, N.C.1    Elam, D.R.2
  • 25
    • 77951499819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MHC genetic structure and divergence across populations of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
    • Evans, M. L., B. D. Neff, and D. D. Heath. 2010. MHC genetic structure and divergence across populations of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Heredity 104:449-459.
    • (2010) Heredity , vol.104 , pp. 449-459
    • Evans, M.L.1    Neff, B.D.2    Heath, D.D.3
  • 26
    • 85007110786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arlequin ver 3. 0: an integrated software package for population genetics data analysis
    • Excoffier, L., G. Laval, and S. Schneider. 2005. Arlequin ver. 3.0: an integrated software package for population genetics data analysis. Evol. Bioinform. Online 1:47-50.
    • (2005) Evol. Bioinform. Online , vol.1 , pp. 47-50
    • Excoffier, L.1    Laval, G.2    Schneider, S.3
  • 27
    • 58149347836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A genome-scan method to identify selected loci appropriate for both dominant and codominant markers: a Bayesian perspective
    • Foll, M., and O. Gaggiotti. 2008. A genome-scan method to identify selected loci appropriate for both dominant and codominant markers: a Bayesian perspective. Genetics 180:977-993.
    • (2008) Genetics , vol.180 , pp. 977-993
    • Foll, M.1    Gaggiotti, O.2
  • 28
    • 75549091139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selection at the MHC class IIB locus across guppy (Poecilia reticulata) populations
    • Fraser, B. A., I.W. Ramnarine, and B. D. Neff. 2009. Selection at the MHC class IIB locus across guppy (Poecilia reticulata) populations. Heredity 104:155-167.
    • (2009) Heredity , vol.104 , pp. 155-167
    • Fraser, B.A.1    Ramnarine, I.W.2    Neff, B.D.3
  • 29
    • 0042785584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perspective: detecting adaptive molecular polymorphism: lessons from the MHC
    • Garrigan, D., P.W. Hedrick, and J. Mitton. 2003. Perspective: detecting adaptive molecular polymorphism: lessons from the MHC. Evolution 57:1707-1722.
    • (2003) Evolution , vol.57 , pp. 1707-1722
    • Garrigan, D.1    Hedrick, P.W.2    Mitton, J.3
  • 30
    • 85007320774 scopus 로고
    • FSTAT (Version 1 2): a computer program to calculate F-statistics
    • Goudet, J. 1995. FSTAT (Version 1.2): a computer program to calculate F-statistics. J. Hered. 86:485-486.
    • (1995) J. Hered. , vol.86 , pp. 485-486
    • Goudet, J.1
  • 31
    • 78650304994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-locus inference of population structure: a comparison between single nucleotide polymorphisms and microsatellites
    • Haasl, R. J., and B. A. Payseur. 2011. Multi-locus inference of population structure: a comparison between single nucleotide polymorphisms and microsatellites. Heredity 106:158-171.
    • (2011) Heredity , vol.106 , pp. 158-171
    • Haasl, R.J.1    Payseur, B.A.2
  • 32
    • 0035501440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conservation genetics: where are we now?
    • Hedrick, P.W. 2001. Conservation genetics: where are we now?Trends Ecol. Evol. 16:629-636.
    • (2001) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.16 , pp. 629-636
    • Hedrick, P.W.1
  • 33
    • 0038048338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low potential for climatic stress adaptation in a rainforest Drosophila species
    • Hoffmann, A. A., R. J. Hallas, J. A. Dean, and M. Schiffer. 2003. Low potential for climatic stress adaptation in a rainforest Drosophila species. Science 301:100-102.
    • (2003) Science , vol.301 , pp. 100-102
    • Hoffmann, A.A.1    Hallas, R.J.2    Dean, J.A.3    Schiffer, M.4
  • 35
    • 79960765675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic structure among black grouse in Britain: implications for designing conservation units
    • Höglund, J., J. K. Larsson, C. Corrales, G. Santafé, D. Baines, and G. Segelbacher. 2011. Genetic structure among black grouse in Britain: implications for designing conservation units. Anim. Conserv. 14:400-408.
    • (2011) Anim. Conserv. , vol.14 , pp. 400-408
    • Höglund, J.1    Larsson, J.K.2    Corrales, C.3    Santafé, G.4    Baines, D.5    Segelbacher, G.6
  • 38
    • 69549110140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic studies of black grouse with special reference to conservation biology: a review
    • Höglund, J. 2009b. Genetic studies of black grouse with special reference to conservation biology: a review. Folia Zool. 58:135-149.
    • (2009) Folia Zool , vol.58 , pp. 135-149
    • Höglund, J.1
  • 40
    • 51649095312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GST and its relatives do not measure differentiation
    • Jost, L. 2008. GST and its relatives do not measure differentiation. Mol. Ecol. 17:4015-4026.
    • (2008) Mol. Ecol. , vol.17 , pp. 4015-4026
    • Jost, L.1
  • 43
    • 0024164592 scopus 로고
    • Genetics and demography in biological conservation
    • Lande, R. 1988. Genetics and demography in biological conservation. Science 241:1455-1460.
    • (1988) Science , vol.241 , pp. 1455-1460
    • Lande, R.1
  • 44
    • 42049107312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic impoverishment of the last black grouse (Tetrao tetrix) population in the Netherlands: detectable only with a reference from the past
    • Larsson, J. K., H. A. H. Jansman, G. Segelbacher, J. Höglund, and H. P. Koelewijn. 2008. Genetic impoverishment of the last black grouse (Tetrao tetrix) population in the Netherlands: detectable only with a reference from the past. Mol. Ecol. 17:1897-1904.
    • (2008) Mol. Ecol. , vol.17 , pp. 1897-1904
    • Larsson, J.K.1    Jansman, H.A.H.2    Segelbacher, G.3    Höglund, J.4    Koelewijn, H.P.5
  • 45
    • 0035983453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sampling within the genome for measuring within-population diversity: trade-offs between markers
    • Mariette, S., V. Le Corre, F. Austerlitz, and A. Kremer. 2002. Sampling within the genome for measuring within-population diversity: trade-offs between markers. Mol. Ecol. 11:1145- 1156.
    • (2002) Mol. Ecol. , vol.11 , pp. 1145-1156
    • Mariette, S.1    Le Corre, V.2    Austerlitz, F.3    Kremer, A.4
  • 47
    • 17744368625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MHC diversity and the association to nematode parasitism in the yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis)
    • Meyer-Lucht, Y., and S. Sommer. 2005. MHC diversity and the association to nematode parasitism in the yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis). Mol. Ecol. 14:2233-2243.
    • (2005) Mol. Ecol. , vol.14 , pp. 2233-2243
    • Meyer-Lucht, Y.1    Sommer, S.2
  • 48
    • 77956566110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic diversity and differentiation at MHC genes in island populations of tuatara (Sphenodon spp )
    • Miller, H. C., F. Allendorf, and C. H. Daugherty. 2010. Genetic diversity and differentiation at MHC genes in island populations of tuatara (Sphenodon spp.). Mol. Ecol. 19:3894-3908.
    • (2010) Mol. Ecol. , vol.19 , pp. 3894-3908
    • Miller, H.C.1    Allendorf, F.2    Daugherty, C.H.3
  • 51
    • 77957219985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Major histocompatibility complex variation and age-specific endoparasite load in subadult European rabbits
    • Oppelt, C., A. Starkloff, P. Rausch, D. Von Holst, and H. G. Rödel. 2010. Major histocompatibility complex variation and age-specific endoparasite load in subadult European rabbits. Mol. Ecol. 19:4155-4167.
    • (2010) Mol. Ecol. , vol.19 , pp. 4155-4167
    • Oppelt, C.1    Starkloff, A.2    Rausch, P.3    Von Holst, D.4    Rödel, H.G.5
  • 52
    • 0030210005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mating structure and nestmate relatedness in a communal bee, Andrena jacobi (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae), using microsatellites
    • Paxton, R. J., P. A. Thoren, J. Tengö, A. Estoup, and P. Pamilo. 1996. Mating structure and nestmate relatedness in a communal bee, Andrena jacobi (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae), using microsatellites. Mol. Ecol. 5:511-519.
    • (1996) Mol. Ecol. , vol.5 , pp. 511-519
    • Paxton, R.J.1    Thoren, P.A.2    Tengö, J.3    Estoup, A.4    Pamilo, P.5
  • 53
    • 33644871292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GenAlEx 6 genetic analysis in excel Population genetic software for teaching and research
    • Notes 6
    • Peakall, R., and P. E. Smouse. 2006. GenAlEx 6: genetic analysis in excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research. Mol. Ecol. Notes 6:288-295.
    • (2006) Mol. Ecol. , pp. 288-295
    • Peakall, R.1    Smouse, P.E.2
  • 54
    • 18044404078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers in black grouse (Tetrao tetrix)
    • Piertney, S. B., and J. Höglund. 2001. Polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers in black grouse (Tetrao tetrix). Mol. Ecol. Notes 1:303-304.
    • (2001) Mol. Ecol. Notes , vol.1 , pp. 303-304
    • Piertney, S.B.1    Höglund, J.2
  • 55
    • 33644998297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolutionary ecology of the major histocompatibility complex
    • Piertney, S. B., and M. K. Oliver. 2006. The evolutionary ecology of the major histocompatibility complex. Heredity 96: 7-21.
    • (2006) Heredity , vol.96 , pp. 7-21
    • Piertney, S.B.1    Oliver, M.K.2
  • 56
    • 77957577801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MHC class I and MHC class II DRB gene variability in wild and captive Bengal tigers (Panthera tigris tigris)
    • Pokorny, I., R. Sharma, S. Goyal, S. Mishra, and R. Tiedemann. 2010. MHC class I and MHC class II DRB gene variability in wild and captive Bengal tigers (Panthera tigris tigris). Immunogenetics 62:667-679.
    • (2010) Immunogenetics , vol.62 , pp. 667-679
    • Pokorny, I.1    Sharma, R.2    Goyal, S.3    Mishra, S.4    Tiedemann, R.5
  • 57
    • 76449084499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does reduced MHC diversity decrease viability of vertebrate populations?Biol
    • Radwan, J., A. Biedrzycka, and W. Babik. 2010. Does reduced MHC diversity decrease viability of vertebrate populations?Biol. Conserv. 143:537-544.
    • (2010) Conserv , vol.143 , pp. 537-544
    • Radwan, J.1    Biedrzycka, A.2    Babik, W.3
  • 58
    • 0000262278 scopus 로고
    • GENEPOP version 1 2: population genetics software for exact tests and ecumenicism
    • Raymond, M., and F. Rousset. 1995. GENEPOP version 1.2: population genetics software for exact tests and ecumenicism. J. Hered. 86:248-249.
    • (1995) J. Hered. , vol.86 , pp. 248-249
    • Raymond, M.1    Rousset, F.2
  • 59
    • 0034926475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How closely correlated are molecular and quantitative measures of genetic variation? A meta-analysis
    • Reed, D. H., and R. Frankham. 2001. How closely correlated are molecular and quantitative measures of genetic variation? A meta-analysis. Evolution 55:1095-1103.
    • (2001) Evolution , vol.55 , pp. 1095-1103
    • Reed, D.H.1    Frankham, R.2
  • 60
    • 0037329527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation between fitness and genetic diversity
    • Reed, D. H., and R. Frankham. 2003. Correlation between fitness and genetic diversity. Conserv. Biol. 17:230-237.
    • (2003) Conserv. Biol. , vol.17 , pp. 230-237
    • Reed, D.H.1    Frankham, R.2
  • 61
    • 0030888985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic differentiation and estimation of gene flow from F-statistics under isolation by distance
    • Rousset, F. 1997. Genetic differentiation and estimation of gene flow from F-statistics under isolation by distance. Genetics 145:1219-1228.
    • (1997) Genetics , vol.145 , pp. 1219-1228
    • Rousset, F.1
  • 62
    • 0033837024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of subdivision on variation at multi-allelic loci under balancing selection
    • Schierup, M. H., X. Vekemans, and D. Charlesworth. 2000. The effect of subdivision on variation at multi-allelic loci under balancing selection. Genet. Res. 76:51-62.
    • (2000) Genet. Res. , vol.76 , pp. 51-62
    • Schierup, M.H.1    Vekemans, X.2    Charlesworth, D.3
  • 63
    • 0036715240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capercaillie in the Alps: genetic evidence of metapopulation structure and population decline
    • Segelbacher, G., and I. Storch. 2002. Capercaillie in the Alps: genetic evidence of metapopulation structure and population decline. Mol. Ecol. 11:1669-1677.
    • (2002) Mol. Ecol. , vol.11 , pp. 1669-1677
    • Segelbacher, G.1    Storch, I.2
  • 64
    • 0033728992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of microsatellites in capercaillie Tetrao urogallus (AVES)
    • Segelbacher,G., R. J. Paxton, G. Steinbr̈uck, P. Trontelj, and I. Storch. 2000. Characterization of microsatellites in capercaillie Tetrao urogallus (AVES). Mol. Ecol. 9:1934-1935.
    • (2000) Mol. Ecol. , vol.9 , pp. 1934-1935
    • Segelbacher, G.1    Paxton, R.J.2    Steinbrück, G.3    Trontelj, P.4    Storch, I.5
  • 65
    • 43049114194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal and spatial analyses disclose consequences of habitat fragmentation on the genetic diversity in capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus)
    • Segelbacher, G., S. Manel, and J. Tomiuk. 2008. Temporal and spatial analyses disclose consequences of habitat fragmentation on the genetic diversity in capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus). Mol. Ecol. 17:2356-2367.
    • (2008) Mol. Ecol. , vol.17 , pp. 2356-2367
    • Segelbacher, G.1    Manel, S.2    Tomiuk, J.3
  • 66
    • 36048990073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transmission of a fatal clonal tumor by biting occurs due to depleted MHC diversity in a threatened carnivorous marsupial
    • Siddle, H. V., A. Kreiss, M. D. B. Eldridge, E. Noonan, C. J. Clarke, S. Pyecroft, G. M.Woods, and K. Belov. 2007. Transmission of a fatal clonal tumor by biting occurs due to depleted MHC diversity in a threatened carnivorous marsupial. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 104:16221-16226.
    • (2007) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. , vol.104 , pp. 16221-16226
    • Siddle, H.V.1    Kreiss, A.2    Eldridge, M.D.B.3    Noonan, E.4    Clarke, C.J.5    Pyecroft, S.6    Woods, G.M.7    Belov, K.8
  • 67
    • 6344258124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Most species are not driven to extinction before genetic factors impact them
    • Spielman, D., B.W. Brook, and R. Frankham. 2004b. Most species are not driven to extinction before genetic factors impact them. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 101:15261- 15264.
    • (2004) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.101 , pp. 15261-15264
    • Spielman, D.1    Brook, B.W.2    Frankham, R.3
  • 68
    • 4544233459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does inbreeding and loss of genetic diversity decrease disease resistance?Conserv
    • Spielman,D., B. W. Brook, D. A. Briscoe, and R. Frankham. 2004a. Does inbreeding and loss of genetic diversity decrease disease resistance?Conserv. Genet. 5:439-448.
    • (2004) Genet , vol.5 , pp. 439-448
    • Spielman, D.1    Brook, B.W.2    Briscoe, D.A.3    Frankham, R.4
  • 69
    • 77950816077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How pathogens drive genetic diversity: MHC, mechanisms and misunderstandings
    • Spurgin, L. G., and D. S. Richardson. 2010. How pathogens drive genetic diversity: MHC, mechanisms and misunderstandings. Proc. Roy. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 277:979-988.
    • (2010) Proc. Roy. Soc. B Biol. Sci. , vol.277 , pp. 979-988
    • Spurgin, L.G.1    Richardson, D.S.2
  • 70
    • 0034496277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic correlates of spatial population structure in central European capercaillie Tetrao urogallus and black grouse T. tetrix: a project in progress
    • Storch, I., and G. Segelbacher. 2000. Genetic correlates of spatial population structure in central European capercaillie Tetrao urogallus and black grouse T. tetrix: a project in progress. Wildl. Biol. 6:305-310.
    • (2000) Wildl. Biol. , vol.6 , pp. 305-310
    • Storch, I.1    Segelbacher, G.2
  • 72
    • 79958262273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genotyping of black grouse MHC class II B using reference strand-mediated conformational analysis (RSCA)
    • Notes 4
    • Strand, T., and J. Höglund. 2011. Genotyping of black grouse MHC class II B using reference strand-mediated conformational analysis (RSCA). BMC Res. Notes 4: 183.
    • (2011) BMC Res , pp. 183
    • Strand, T.1    Höglund, J.2
  • 73
    • 34548699489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The MHC class II of the Black grouse (Tetrao tetrix) consists of low numbers of B and Y genes with variable diversity and expression
    • Strand, T., H.Westerdahl, J. Höglund, R.V. Alatalo, and H. Siitari. 2007. The MHC class II of the Black grouse (Tetrao tetrix) consists of low numbers of B and Y genes with variable diversity and expression. Immunogenetics 59:725-734.
    • (2007) Immunogenetics , vol.59 , pp. 725-734
    • Strand, T.1    Westerdahl, H.2    Höglund, J.3    Alatalo, R.V.4    Siitari, H.5
  • 74
    • 80054823536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disentangling the roles of natural selection and genetic drift in shaping variation at MHC immunity genes
    • Sutton, J., S. Nakagawa, B. Robertson, and I. G. Jamieson. 2011. Disentangling the roles of natural selection and genetic drift in shaping variation at MHC immunity genes. Mol. Ecol. 20:4408-4420.
    • (2011) Mol. Ecol. , vol.20 , pp. 4408-4420
    • Sutton, J.1    Nakagawa, S.2    Robertson, B.3    Jamieson, I.G.4
  • 75
    • 0025366147 scopus 로고
    • A simple genealogical structure of strongly balanced allelic lines and trans-species evolution of polymorphism
    • Takahata, N. 1990. A simple genealogical structure of strongly balanced allelic lines and trans-species evolution of polymorphism. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 87:2419-2423.
    • (1990) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. , vol.87 , pp. 2419-2423
    • Takahata, N.1
  • 76
    • 0036734955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GIMLET: a computer program for analysing genetic individual identification data
    • Valiére, N. 2002. GIMLET: a computer program for analysing genetic individual identification data. Mol. Ecol. Notes 2:377-379.
    • (2002) Mol. Ecol. Notes , vol.2 , pp. 377-379
    • Valiére, N.1
  • 77
    • 33846871705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Balancing selection, random genetic drift, and genetic variation at the major histocompatibility complex in two wild populations of guppies (Poecilia reticulata)
    • Van Oosterhout, C., D. A. Joyce, S. M. Cummings, J. Blais,N. J. Barson, I.W. Ramnarine, R. S. Mohammed, N. Persad, and J. Cable. 2006. Balancing selection, random genetic drift, and genetic variation at the major histocompatibility complex in two wild populations of guppies (Poecilia reticulata). Evolution 60:2562-2574.
    • (2006) Evolution , vol.60 , pp. 2562-2574
    • Van Oosterhout, C.1    Joyce, D.A.2    Cummings, S.M.3    Blais, J.4    Barson, N.J.5    Ramnarine, I.W.6    Mohammed, R.S.7    Persad, N.8    Cable, J.9
  • 78
    • 58249101033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new theory of MHC evolution: beyond selection on the immune genes
    • van Oosterhout, C. 2009. A new theory of MHC evolution: beyond selection on the immune genes. Proc R Soc B 278: 657-665.
    • (2009) Proc R Soc B , vol.278 , pp. 657-665
    • van Oosterhout, C.1
  • 79
    • 50049109703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • To what extent do microsatellite markers reflect genome-wide genetic diversity in natural populations?
    • Väli, Ü., A. Einarsson, L.Waits, and H. Ellegren. 2008. To what extent do microsatellite markers reflect genome-wide genetic diversity in natural populations?Mol. Ecol. 17:3808-3817.
    • (2008) Mol Ecol , vol.17 , pp. 3808-3817
    • Väli, U.1    Einarsson, A.2    Waits, L.3    Ellegren, H.4
  • 80
    • 33745918672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Major histocompatibility complex class II variation in the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)
    • Wan, Q.-H., L. Zhu, H. U. A.Wu, and S.-G. Fang. 2006. Major histocompatibility complex class II variation in the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Mol. Ecol. 15:2441- 2450.
    • (2006) Mol. Ecol. , vol.15 , pp. 2441-2450
    • Wan, Q.-H.1    Zhu, L.2    Wu, H.U.A.3    Fang, S.-G.4
  • 81
    • 0021566877 scopus 로고
    • Estimating F-statistics for the analysis of population structure
    • Weir, B. S., and C. C. Cockerham. 1984. Estimating F-statistics for the analysis of population structure. Evolution 38:1358- 1370.
    • (1984) Evolution , vol.38 , pp. 1358-1370
    • Weir, B.S.1    Cockerham, C.C.2
  • 82
    • 3042698704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MHC class I typing in a songbird with numerous loci and high polymorphism using motif-specific PCR and DGGE
    • Westerdahl, H., H.Wittzell, T. V. Schantz, and S. Bensch. 2004. MHC class I typing in a songbird with numerous loci and high polymorphism using motif-specific PCR and DGGE. Heredity 92:534-542.
    • (2004) Heredity , vol.92 , pp. 534-542
    • Westerdahl, H.1    Wittzell, H.2    Schantz, T.V.3    Bensch, S.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.