Quorum sensing and expression of virulence in pectobacteria

Sensors

Volumn 12, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 3327-3349

  Põllumaa, Lee ^a   Alamäe, Tiina ^a   Mäe, Andres ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TARTU   (Estonia)

Author keywords

Autoinductor 2; N acylhomoserine lactone; Pectobacterium; Quorum sensing; Virulence

Indexed keywords

DRUG DERIVATIVE; GAMMA BUTYROLACTONE; HOMOSERINE; HOMOSERINE LACTONE; LACTONE; N OCTANOYLHOMOSERINE LACTONE; N-OCTANOYLHOMOSERINE LACTONE;

GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; METABOLISM; PATHOGENICITY; PECTOBACTERIUM CAROTOVORUM; QUORUM SENSING; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; VIRULENCE;

4-BUTYROLACTONE; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, BACTERIAL; HOMOSERINE; LACTONES; PECTOBACTERIUM CAROTOVORUM; QUORUM SENSING; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; VIRULENCE;

EID: 84858960203     PISSN: 14248220     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/s120303327     Document Type: Review

References (108)

1. Toth, I.K.; Birch, P.R. Rotting softly and stealthily. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 2005, 8, 424-429.
2. Liu, H.; Coulthurst, S.J.; Pritchard, L.; Hedley, P.E.; Ravensdale, M.; Humphris, S.; Burr, T.; Takle, G.; Brurberg, M.B.; Birch, P.R.; et al. Quorum sensing coordinates brute force and stealth modes of infection in the plant pathogen Pectobacterium atrosepticum. PLoS. Pathog. 2008, 20, e1000093.
3. Perombelon, M.C.M.; Kelman, A. Ecology of the soft rot erwinias. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 1980, 18, 361-387.
4. Pirhonen, M.; Flego, D.; Heikinheimo, R.; Palva, E.T. A small diffusible signal molecule is responsible for the global control of virulence and exoenzyme production in the plant pathogen Erwinia carotovora. EMBO J. 1993, 12, 2467-2476.
5. Jones, S.; Yu, B.; Bainton, N.J.; Birdsall, M.; Bycroft, B.W.; Chhabra, S.R.; Cox, A.J.; Golby, P.; Reeves, J.; Stephens, S.; et al. The lux autoinducer regulates the production of exoenzyme virulence determinants in Erwinia carotovora and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. EMBO J. 1993, 12, 2477-2482.
6. Chatterjee, A.; Cui, Y.; Liu, Y.; Dumenyo, C.K.; Chatterjee, A.K. Inactivation of rsmA leads to overproduction of extracellular pectinases, cellulases, and proteases in Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora in the absence of the starvation/cell density-sensing signal, N-(3-oxohexanoyl)-Lhomoserine lactone. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1995, 61, 1959-1967.
7. Mukherjee, A.; Cui, Y.; Ma, W.; Liu, Y.; Chatterjee, A.K. hexA of Erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora strain Ecc71 negatively regulates production of RpoS and rsmB RNA, a global regulator of extracellular proteins, plant virulence and the quorum-sensing signal, N-(3-oxohexanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone. Environ. Microbiol. 2000, 2, 203-215.
8. Hyytiäinen, H.; Montesano, M.; Palva, E.T. Global regulators ExpA (GacA) and KdgR modulate extracellular enzyme gene expression through the RsmA-rsmB system in Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora. Mol. Plant. Microbe Interact. 2001, 14, 931-938.
9. Hyytiäinen, H.; Sjöblom, S.; Palomäki, T.; Tuikkala, A.; Tapio, P.E. The PmrA-PmrB twocomponent system responding to acidic pH and iron controls virulence in the plant pathogen Erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora. Mol. Microbiol. 2003, 50, 795-807.
10. Kõiv, V.; Mäe, A. Quorum sensing controls the synthesis of virulence factors by modulating rsmA gene expression in Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora. Mol. Genet. Genomics 2001, 265, 287-292.
11. Chatterjee, A.; Cui, Y.; Chatterjee, A.K. RsmA and the quorum-sensing signal, N-[3-oxohexanoyl]-L-homoserine lactone, control the levels of rsmB RNA in Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora by affecting its stability. J. Bacteriol. 2002, 184, 4089-4095.
12. Laasik, E.; Ojarand, M.; Pajunen, M.; Savilahti, H.; Mäe, A. Novel mutants of Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora defective in the production of plant cell wall degrading enzymes generated by Mu transpososome-mediated insertion mutagenesis. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 2005, 243, 93-99.
13. Sjöblom, S.; Brader, G.; Koch, G.; Palva, E.T. Cooperation of two distinct ExpR regulators controls quorum sensing specificity and virulence in the plant pathogen Erwinia carotovora. Mol. Microbiol. 2006, 60, 1474-1489.
14. Barnard, A.M.; Salmond, G.P. Quorum sensing in Erwinia species. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2007, 387, 415-423.
15. Redfield, J.R. Is quorum sensing a side effect diffusion sensing? Trends Microbiol. 2002, 10, 365-310.
16. Mäe, A.; Montesano, M.; Koiv, V.; Palva, E.T. Transgenic plants producing the bacterial pheromone N-acyl-homoserine lactone exhibit enhanced resistance to the bacterial phytopathogen Erwinia carotovora. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 2001, 14, 1035-1042.
17. Barnard, A.M.; Bowden, S.D.; Burr, T.; Coulthurst, S.J.; Monson, R.E.; Salmond, G.P. Quorum sensing, virulence and secondary metabolite production in plant soft-rotting bacteria. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. 2007, 362, 1165-1183.
18. Nealson, K.H.; Platt, T.; Hastings, J.W. Cellular control of the synthesis and activity of the bacterial luminescent system. J. Bacteriol. 1970, 104, 313-322.
19. Nealson, K.H.; Hastings, J.W. Bacterial bioluminescence: Its control and ecological significance. Microbiol. Rev. 1979, 43, 496-518.
20. de Kievit, T.R.; Iglewski, B.H. Bacterial quorum sensing in pathogenic relationships. Infect. Immun. 2000, 68, 4839-4849.
21. Stevens, A.M.; Greenberg, E.P. Quorum sensing in Vibrio fischeri: Essential elements for activation of the luminescence genes. J. Bacteriol. 1997, 179, 557-562.
22. Kuo, A.; Blough, N.V.; Dunlap, P.V. Multiple N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone autoinducers of luminescence in the marine symbiotic bacterium Vibrio fischeri. J. Bacteriol. 1994, 176, 7558-7565.
23. Swift, S.; Downie, J.A.; Whitehead, N.A.; Barnard, A.M.; Salmond, G.P.; Williams, P. Quorum sensing as a population-density-dependent determinant of bacterial physiology. Adv. Microb. Physiol. 2001, 45, 199-270.
24. Engebrecht, J.; Nealson, K.; Silverman, M. Bacterial bioluminescence: Isolation and genetic analysis of functions from Vibrio fischeri. Cell 1983, 32, 773-781.
25. Singh, P.K.; Schaefer, A.L.; Parsek, M.R.; Moninger, T.O.; Welsh, M.J. Greenberg, E.P. Quorum-sensing signals indicate that cystic fibrosis lungs are infected with bacterial biofilms. Nature 2000, 407, 762-764.
26. Piper, K.R.; von Bodman, S.; Farrand, S.K. Conjugation factor of Agrobacterium tumefaciens regulates Ti plasmid transfer by autoinduction. Nature 1993, 362, 448-450.
27. Zhang, L.; Murphy, P.J.; Kerr, A.; Tate, M.E. Agrobacterium conjugation and gene regulation by N-acyl-L-homoserine lactones. Nature 1993, 362, 446-448.
28. von Bodman, S.B.; Majerczak, D.R.; Coplin, D.L. A negative regulator mediates quorum-sensing control of exopolysaccharide production in Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1998, 95, 7687-7692.
29. von Bodman, S.B.; Ball, J.K.; Faini, M.A.; Herrera, C.M.; Minogue, T.D.; Urbanowski, M.L.; Stevens, A.M. The quorum sensing negative regulators EsaR and ExpR(Ecc), homologues within the LuxR family, retain the ability to function as activators of transcription. J. Bacteriol. 2003, 185, 7001-7007.
30. von Bodman, S.; Farrand, S.K. Capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis and pathogenicity in Erwinia stewartii require induction by an N-acylhomoserine lactone autoinducer. J. Bacteriol. 1995, 177, 5000-5008.
31. Minogue, T.D.; Wehland-von Trebra, M.; Bernhard, F.; von Bodman, S.B. The autoregulatory role of EsaR, a quorum-sensing regulator in Pantoea stewartii ssp. stewartii: Evidence for a repressor function. Mol. Microbiol. 2002, 44, 1625-1635.
32. Moré, M.I.; Finger, L.D.; Stryker, J.L.; Fuqua, C.; Eberhard, A.; Winans, S.C. Enzymatic synthesis of a quorum-sensing autoinducer through use of defined substrates. Science 1996, 272, 1655-1658.
33. Parsek, M.R.; Val, D.L.; Hanzelka, B.L.; Cronan, J.E.; Greenberg, E.P. Acyl homoserine-lactone quorum-sensing signal generation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1999, 96, 4360-4365.
34. Parsek, M.R.; Schaefer, A.L.; Greenberg, E.P. Analysis of random and site-directed mutations in rhII, a Pseudomonas aeruginosa gene encoding an acylhomoserine lactone synthase. Mol. Microbiol. 1997, 26, 301-310.
35. Hanzelka, B.L.; Stevens, A.M.; Parsek, M.R.; Crone, T.J.; Greenberg, E.P. Mutational analysis of the Vibrio fischeri LuxI polypeptide: Critical regions of an autoinducer synthase. J. Bacteriol. 1997, 179, 4882-4887.
36. Zhu, J.; Winanas, S.C. The quorum-sensing transcriptional regulator TraR requires its cognate signaling ligand for protein folding, protease resistance, and dimerization. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2001, 98, 1507-1512.
37. Zhang, H.B.; Wang, L.H.; Zhang, L.H. Genetic control of quorum-sensing signal turnover in Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2002, 99, 4638-4643.
38. Egland, K.A.; Greenberg, E.P. Quorum sensing in Vibrio fischeri: Elements of the luxl promoter. Mol. Microbiol. 1999, 31, 1197-1204.
39. Lazdunski, A.M.; Ventre, I.; Sturgis, J.N. Regulatory circuits and communication in Gram-negative bacteria. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2004, 2, 581-592.
40. Brader, G.; Sjöblom, S.; Hyytiäinen, H.; Sims-Huopaniemi, K.; Palva, E.T. Altering substrate chain length specificity of an acylhomoserine lactone synthase in bacterial communication. J. Biol. Chem. 2005, 280, 10403-10409.
41. Welch, M.; Todd, D.E.; Whitehead, N.A.; McGowan, S.J.; Bycroft, B.W.; Salmond, G.P. N-acyl homoserine lactone binding to the CarR receptor determines quorum-sensing specificity in Erwinia. EMBO J. 2000, 15, 631-641.
42. Whitehead, N.A.; Barnard, A.M.; Slater, H.; Simpson, N.J.; Salmond, G.P. Quorum-sensing in Gram-negative bacteria. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 2001, 25, 365-404.
43. Qin, Y.; Luo, Z.Q.; Smyth, A.J.; Gao, P.; von Bodman, S.; Farrand, S.K. Quorum-sensing signal binding results in dimerization of TraR and its release from membranes into the cytoplasm. EMBO J. 2000, 19, 5212-5221.
44. Vannini, A.; Volpari, C.; Di Marco, S. Crystal structure of the quorum-sensing protein TraM and its interaction with the transcriptional regulator TraR. J. Biol. Chem. 2004, 279, 24291-24296.
45. Pappas; K.M.; Weingart, C.L.; Winans, S.C. Chemical communication in proteobacteria: Biochemical and structural studies of signal synthases and receptors required for intercellular signalling. Mol. Microbiol. 2004, 53, 755-769.
46. Gray, K.M.; Passador, L.; Iglewski, B.H.; Greenberg, E.P. Interchangeability and specificity of components from the quorum-sensing regulatory systems of Vibrio fischeri and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J. Bacteriol. 1994, 176, 3076-3080.
47. Watson, W.T.; Minogue, T.D.; Val, D.L.; von Bodman, S.B.; Churchill, M.E. Structural basis and specificity of acyl-homoserine lactone signal production in bacterial quorum sensing. Mol. Cell 2002, 9, 685-694.
48. Chatterjee, A.; Cui, Y.; Hasegawa, H.; Leigh, N.; Dixit, V.; Chatterjee, A.K. Comparative analysis of two classes of quorum-sensing signaling systems that control production of extracellular proteins and secondary metabolites in Erwinia carotovora subspecies. J. Bacteriol. 2005, 187, 8026-8038.
49. Bell, K.S.; Sebaihia, M.; Pritchard, L.; Holden, M.T.; Hyman, L.J.; Holeva, M.C.; Thomson, N.R.; Bentley, S.D.; Churcher, L.J.; et al. Genome sequence of the enterobacterial phytopathogen Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica and characterization of virulence factors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2004, 101, 11105-11110.
50. Cui, Y.; Chatterjee, A.; Hasegawa, H.; Dixit, V.; Leigh, N.; Chatterjee, A.K. ExpR, a LuxR homolog of Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, activates transcription of rsmA, which specifies a global regulatory RNA-binding protein. J. Bacteriol. 2005, 187, 4792-4803.
51. Cui, Y.; Chatterjee, A.; Hasegawa, H.; Chatterjee, A.K. Erwinia carotovora subspecies produce duplicate variants of ExpR, LuxR homologs that activate rsmA transcription but differ in their interactions with N-acylhomoserine lactone signals. J. Bacteriol. 2006, 188, 4715-4726.
52. Burr, T.; Barnard, A.M.; Corbett, M.J.; Pemberton, C.L.; Simpson, N.J.; Salmond, G.P. Identification of the central quorum sensing regulator of virulence in the enteric phytopathogen, Erwinia carotovora: The VirR repressor. Mol. Microbiol. 2006, 59, 113-125.
53. McGowan, S.; Sebaihia, M.; Jones, S.; Yu, B.; Bainton, N.; Chan, P.F.; Bycroft, B.; Stewart, G.S.; Williams, P.; Salmond, G.P. Carbapenem antibiotic production in Erwinia carotovora is regulated by CarR, a homologue of the LuxR transcriptional activator. Microbiology 1995, 141, 541-550.
54. Andersson, R.A.; Eriksson, A.R.; Heikinheimo, R.; Mäe, A.; Pirhonen, M.; Kõiv, V.; Hyytiäinen, H.; Tuikkala, A.; Palva, E.T. Quorum sensing in the plant pathogen Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora: The role of expR(Ecc). Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 2000, 13, 384-393.
55. Cui, Y.; Chatterjee, A.; Liu, Y.; Dumenyo, C.K.; Chatterjee, A.K. Identification of a global repressor gene, rsmA, of Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora that controls extracellular enzymes, N-(3-oxohexanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone, and pathogenicity in soft-rotting Erwinia spp. J. Bacteriol. 1995, 177, 5108-5115.
56. Nasser, W.; Bouillant, M.L.; Salmond, G.P.; Reverchon, S. Characterization of the Erwinia chrysanthemi expI-expR locus directing the synthesis of two N-acyl-homoserine lactone signal molecules. Mol. Microbiol. 1998, 29, 1391-1405.
57. Reverchon, S.; Bouillant, M.L.; Salmond, G.P.; Nasser, W. Integration of the quorum-sensing system in the regulatory networks controlling virulence factor synthesis in Erwinia chrysanthemi. Mol. Microbiol. 1998, 29, 1407-1418.
58. Liu, Y.; Cui, Y.; Mukherjee, A.; Chatterjee, A.K. Characterization of a novel RNA regulator of Erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora that controls production of extracellular enzymes and secondary metabolites. Mol. Microbiol. 1998, 29, 219-234.
59. Hasegawa, H.; Chatterjee, A.; Cui, Y.; Chatterjee, A.K. Elevated temperature enhances virulence of Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora strain EC153 to plants and stimulates production of the quorum sensing signal, N-acyl homoserine lactone, and extracellular proteins. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2005, 71, 4655-4663.
60. Manefield, M.; Turner, S.L. Quorum sensing in context: Out of molecular biology and into microbial ecology. Microbiology 2002, 148, 3762-3764.
61. Keller, L.; Surette, M.G. Communication in bacteria: An ecological and evolutionary perspective. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2006, 4, 49-58.
62. Pemberton, C.L.; Whitehead, N.A.; Sebaihia, M.; Bell, K.S.; Hyman, L.J.; Harris, S.J.; Matlin, A.J.; Robson, N.D.; Birch, P.R.; Carr, J.P.; et al. Novel quorum-sensing-controlled genes in Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora: Identification of a fungal elicitor homologue in a soft-rotting bacterium. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 2005, 18, 343-353.
63. Corbett, M.; Virtue, S.; Bell, K.; Birch, P.; Burr, T.; Hyman, L.; Lilley, K.; Poock, S.; Toth, I.; Salmond, G.P. Identification of a new quorum-sensing-controlled virulence factor in Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica secreted via the type II targeting pathway. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 2005, 18, 334-342.
64. Holden, M.T.; McGowan, S.J.; Bycroft, B.W.; Stewart, G.S.; Williams, P.; Salmond, G.P. Cryptic carbapenem antibiotic production genes are widespread in Erwinia carotovora: Facile trans activation by the carR transcriptional regulator. Microbiology 1998, 144, 1495-1550.
65. McGowan, S.J.; Sebaihia, M.; O'Leary, S.; Hardie, K.R.; Williams, P.; Stewart, G.S.; Bycroft, B.W.; Salmond, G.P. Analysis of the carbapenem gene cluster of Erwinia carotovora: Definition of the antibiotic biosynthetic genes and evidence for a novel beta-lactam resistance mechanism. Mol. Microbiol. 1997, 26, 545-556.
66. Bainton, N.J.; Stead, P.; Chhabra, S.R.; Bycroft, B.W.; Salmond, G.P.; Stewart, G.S.; Williams, P. N-(3-oxohexanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone regulates carbapenem antibiotic production in Erwinia carotovora. Biochem. J. 1992, 288, 997-1004.
67. Bainton, N.J.; Bycroft. B.W.; Chhabra, S.R.; Stead, P.; Gledhill, L.; Hill, P.J.; Rees, C.E.; Winson, M.K.; Salmond, G.P.; Stewart, G.S.; et al. A general role for the lux autoinducer in bacterial cell signalling: Control of antibiotic biosynthesis in Erwinia. Gene 1992, 116, 87-91.
68. McGowan, S.J.; Barnard, A.M.; Bosgelmez, G.; Sebaihia, M.; Simpson, N.J.; Thomson, N.R.; Todd, D.E.; Welch, M.; Whitehead, N.A.; Salmond, G.P. Carbapenem antibiotic biosynthesis in Erwinia carotovora is regulated by physiological and genetic factors modulating the quorum sensing-dependent control pathway. Mol Microbiol. 2005, 55, 526-545.
69. McGowan, S.J.; Sebaihia, M.; Porter, L.E.; Stewart, G.S.; Williams, P.; Bycroft, B.W.; Salmond, G.P. Analysis of bacterial carbapenem antibiotic production genes reveals a novel betalactam biosynthesis pathway. Mol. Microbiol. 1996, 22, 415-422.
70. Whitehead, N.A; Byers, J.T; Commander, P.; Corbett, M.J.; Coulthurst, S.J.; Everson, L.; Harris, A.K.; Pemberton, C.L.; Simpson, N.J.; Slater, H.; et al. The regulation of virulence in phytopathogenic Erwinia species: Quorum sensing, antibiotics and ecological considerations. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2002, 81, 223-231.
71. Nachin, L.; Barras, F. External pH: An environmental signal that helps to rationalize pel gene duplication in Erwinia chrysanthemi. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 2000, 13, 882-886.
72. Baker, C.J.; Mock, N.; Ainson, M.M.; Hutcheson, S.W. Inhibition of the hypersensitive response in tobacco by pectate lyase digests of cell wall and polygalacturonic acid. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 1990, 37, 133-167.
73. Eberhard, A.; Burlingame, A.L.; Eberhard, C.; Kenyon, G.L.; Nealson, K.H.; Oppenheimer, N.J. Structural identification of autoinducer of Photobacterium fischeri luciferase. Biochemistry 1981, 20, 2444-2449.
74. Byers, J.T.; Lucas, C.; Salmond, G.P.; Welch, M. Nonenzymatic turnover of an Erwinia carotovora quorum-sensing signaling molecule. J. Bacteriol. 2002, 184, 163-171.
75. Wang, L.H.; Weng, L.X.; Dong, Y.H.; Zhang, L.H. Specificity and enzyme kinetics of the quorum-quenching N-Acyl homoserine lactone lactonase (AHL-lactonase). J. Biol. Chem. 2004, 279, 13645-13651.
76. Dong, Y.H.; Xu, J.L.; Li, X.Z.; Zhang, L.H. AiiA, an enzyme that inactivates the acylhomoserine lactone quorum-sensing signal and attenuates the virulence of Erwinia carotovora. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2000, 97, 3526-3531.
77. Lin, Y.H.; Xu, J.L.; Hu, J.; Wang, L.H.; Ong, S.L.; Leadbetter, J.R.; Zhang, L.H. Acylhomoserine lactone acylase from Ralstonia strain XJ12B represents a novel and potent class of quorum-quenching enzymes. Mol. Microbiol. 2003, 47, 849-860.
78. Park, S.Y.; Lee, S.J.; Oh, T.K.; Oh, J.W.; Koo, B.T.; Yum, D.Y.; Lee, J.K. AhlD, an N-acylhomoserine lactonase in Arthrobacter sp., and predicted homologues in other bacteria. Microbiology 2003, 149, 541-550.
79. Park, S.Y.; Hwang, B.J.; Shin, M.H.; Kim, J.A.; Kim, H.K.; Lee, J.K. N-acylhomoserine lactonase producing Rhodococcus spp. with different AHL-degrading activities. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 2006, 261, 102-108.
80. Leadbetter, J.R.; Greenberg, E.P. Metabolism of acyl-homoserine lactone quorum-sensing signals by Variovorax paradoxus. J. Bacteriol. 2000, 182, 6921-6926.
81. Huang, J.J.; Petersen, A.; Whiteley, M.; Leadbetter, J.R. Identification of QuiP, the product of gene PA1032, as the second acyl-homoserine lactone acylase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2006, 72, 1190-1197.
82. Park, S.Y.; Kang, H.O.; Jang, H.S.; Lee, J.K.; Koo, B.T.; Yum, D.Y. Identification of extracellular N-acylhomoserine lactone acylase from a Streptomyces sp. and its application to quorum quenching. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2005, 71, 2632-2641.
83. Park, S.J.; Park, S.Y.; Ryu, C.M.; Park, S.H.; Lee, J.K. The role of AiiA, a quorum-quenching enzyme from Bacillus thuringiensis, on the rhizosphere competence. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2008, 18, 1518-1521.
84. Riaz, K.; Elmerich, C.; Moreira, D.; Raffoux, A.; Dessaux, Y.; Faure, D. A metagenomic analysis of soil bacteria extends the diversity of quorum-quenching lactonases. Environ. Microbiol. 2008, 10, 560-570.
85. Uroz, S.; D'Angelo-Picard, C.; Carlier, A.; Elasri, M.; Sicot, C.; Petit, A.; Oger, P.; Faure, D.; Dessaux, Y. Novel bacteria degrading N-acylhomoserine lactones and their use as quenchers of quorum-sensing-regulated functions of plant-pathogenic bacteria. Microbiology 2003, 149, 1981-1989.
86. Dong, Y.H.; Zhang, X.F.; Xu, J.L.; Zhang, L.H. Insecticidal Bacillus thuringiensis silences Erwinia carotovora virulence by a new form of microbial antagonism, signal interference. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2004, 70, 954-960.
87. Jafra, S.; Przysowa, J.; Czajkowski, R.; Michta, A.; Garbeva, P.; van der Wolf, J.M. Detection and characterization of bacteria from the potato rhizosphere degrading N-acyl-homoserine lactone. Can. J. Microbiol. 2006, 52, 1006-1015.
88. Xavier, K.B.; Bassler, B.L. Regulation of uptake and processing of the quorum-sensing autoinducer AI-2 in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 2005, 187, 238-248.
89. Schauder, S.; Shokat, K.; Surette, M.G.; Bassler, B.L. The LuxS family of bacterial autoinducers: Biosynthesis of a novel quorum-sensing signal molecule. Mol. Microbiol. 2001, 41, 463-476.
90. Schauder, S.; Bassler, B.L. The languages of bacteria. Genes Dev. 2001, 15, 1468-1480.
91. Henke, J.M.; Bassler; B.L. Three parallel quorum-sensing systems regulate gene expression in Vibrio harveyii. J. Bacteriol. 2004, 186, 6902-6914.
92. Miller, S.T.; Xavier, K.B.; Campagna, S.R.; Taga, M.E.; Semmelhack, M.F.; Bassler B.L.; Hughson, F.M. Salmonella typhimurium recognizes a chemically distinct form of the bacterial quorum-sensing signal AI-2. Mol. Cell 2004, 15, 677-687.
93. Zhu, J.; Miller, M.B.; Vance R.E.; Dziejman, M.; Bassle, B,L.; Mekalanos, J.J. Quorum-sensing regulators control virulence gene expression in Vibrio cholerae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2002, 99, 3129-3134.
94. Chen, X.; Schauder, S.; Portier, N.; van Dorsselaer, A.; Pelczer, I.; Bassler, B.L.; Hughson, F.M. Structural indentification of a bacterial quorum-sensing signal containing boron. Nature 2002, 415, 545-549.
95. Miller, S.T.; Xavier, K.B.; Campagna, S.R.; Taga, M.E.; Semmelhack, M.F.; Bassler, B.L.; Hughson, F.M. Salmonella typhimurium recognizes a chemical distinct form of the bacterial quorum-sensing signal AI-2. Mol. Cell 2004, 15, 677-687.
96. Winzer, K.; Hardie, K.R.; Burgess, N.; Doherty, N.; Kirke, D.; Holden, M.T.; Linforth, R.; Cornell, K.A.; Taylor, A.J.; Hill, P.J.; et al. LuxS: Its role in central metabolism and the in vitro synthesis of 4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3(2H)-furanone. Microbiology 2002, 148, 909-922.
97. Coulthurst, S.J.; Lilley, K.S.; Salmond, G.P. Genetic and proteomic analysis of the role of luxS in the enteric phytopathogen, Erwinia carotovora. Mol. Plant Pathol. 2006, 7, 31-45.
98. Coulthurst, S.J.; Kurz, C.L.; Salmond, G.P. luxS mutants of Serratia defective in autoinducer-2-dependent 'quorum sensing' show strain-dependent impacts on virulence and production of carbapenem and prodigiosin. Microbiology 2004, 150, 901-910.
99. Cooper, V.J.; Salmond, G.P. Molecular analysis of the major cellulase (CelV) of Erwinia carotovora: Evidence for an evolutionary mix-and-match of enzyme domains. Mol. Gen. Genet. 1993, 241, 341-350.
100. Walter, D.; Reeves, P.J.; Salmond, G.P. The major secreted cellulase, CelV, of Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora is an important virulence factor. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 1994, 7, 425-431.
101. Marits, R.; Kõiv, V.; Laasik, E.; Mäe, A. Isolation of an extracellular protease gene of Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora strain SCC3193 by transposon mutagenesis and the role of protease in phytopathogenicity. Microbiology 1999, 145, 1959-1966.
102. Thomson, N.R.; Nasser, W.; McGowan, S.; Sebaihia, M.; Salmond, G.P. Erwinia carotovora has two KdgR-like proteins belonging to the IciR family of transcriptional regulators: Identification and characterization of the RexZ activator and the KdgR repressor of pathogenesis. Microbiology 1999, 145, 1531-1545.
103. Toth, I.K.; Bell, K.S.; Holeva, M.C.; Birch, P.R. Soft rot erwiniae: From genes to genomes. Mol. Plant. Pathol. 2003, 4, 17-30.
104. Elvers, K.T.; Park, S.F. Quorum sensing in Campylobacter jejuni: Detection of a luxS encoded signaling molecule. Microbiology 2002, 148, 1475-1481.
105. Sperandio, V.; Torres, A.G.; Girón, J.A.; Kaper, J.B. Quorum sensing is a global regulatory mechanism in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7. J. Bacteriol. 2001, 183, 5187-5197.
106. Mulholland, V.; Hinton, J.C., Sidebotham, J.; Toth, I.K.; Hyman, L.J.; Perombelon, M.C.; Reeves, P.J.; Salmond, G.P. A pleiotropic reduced virulence (Rvi-) mutant of Erwinia carotovora subspecies atroseptica is defective in flagella assembly proteins that are conserved in plant and animal bacterial pathogens. Mol. Microbiol. 1993, 9, 343-356.
107. Laasik, E.; Andresen, L.; Mäe, A. Type II quorum sensing regulates virulence in Erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 2006, 258, 227-234.
108. Winzer, K.; Sun, Y.H.; Green, A.; Delory, M.; Blackley, D.; Hardie, K.R.; Baldwin, T.J.; Tang, C.M. Role of Neisseria meningitidis luxS in cell-to-cell signaling and bacteremic infection. Infect. Immun. 2002, 70, 2245-2248.