Length of stay and charges associated with health care-acquired bloodstream infections

American Journal of Infection Control

Volumn 40, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 227-232

  Al Rawajfah, Omar M ^a   Hewitt, Jeanne Beauchamp ^b   Stetzer, Frank ^b   Cheema, Jehanzeb ^c  

^a AL AL BAYT UNIVERSITY   (Jordan)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MILWAUKEE   (United States)

^c GEORGE MASON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Bloodstream infections; Charges; Extra cost; Health care acquired; Health care costs; Length of stay; National Inpatient Sample; Nosocomial; United States national estimates

Indexed keywords

ACUTE KIDNEY FAILURE; ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE; ADULT; AGE; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS; BLOODSTREAM INFECTION; CASE CONTROL STUDY; CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CONTROLLED STUDY; COST OF ILLNESS; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE BLOODSTREAM INFECTION; HEALTH CARE COST; HEART INFARCTION; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HOSPITAL INFECTION; HOSPITAL PATIENT; HUMAN; INFLAMMATION; LENGTH OF STAY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PNEUMONIA; POPULATION RESEARCH; POSTOPERATIVE INFECTION; SEX DIFFERENCE; UNITED STATES; URINARY TRACT INFECTION;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; CROSS INFECTION; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE COSTS; HUMANS; LENGTH OF STAY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; SEPSIS; UNITED STATES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84858798955     PISSN: 01966553     EISSN: 15273296     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2011.03.014     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. J.M. Hughes Study on the efficacy of nosocomial infection control (SENIC Project): results and implications for the future Chemotherapy 34 1988 553 561 (Pubitemid 19004231)
2. J.L. Vincent, D.J. Bihari, P.M. Suter, H.A. Bruining, J. White, and M.H. Nicolas-Chanoin The prevalence of nosocomial infection in intensive care units in Europe. Results of the European Prevalence of Infection in Intensive Care (EPIC) Study. EPIC International Advisory Committee JAMA 274 1995 639 644
3. V. Suljagic, M. Cobeljic, S. Jankovic, V. Mirovic, L. Markovic-Denic, and P. Romic Nosocomial bloodstream infections in ICU and non-ICU patients Am J Infect Control 33 2005 333 340 (Pubitemid 41078771)
4. V.M. Freid, K. Prager, A.P. MacKay, H. Xia Health, United States, 2003 Chartbook on trends in the health of Americans 2003 National Center for Health Statistics Hyattsville [MD]
5. D. Pittet Nosocomial bloodstream infections R.P. Wenzel, Prevention and control of nosocomial infection 3rd ed. 1997 Williams and Wilkins Baltimore 711 769
6. CDC From the Centers for Disease Control. Increase in national hospital discharge survey rates for septicemia - United States, 1979-1987 JAMA 263 1990 937 938
7. O.M. AL-Rawajfah, F. Stetzer, and J. Hewitt Incidence of and risk factors for nosocomial bloodstream infections in adults in the United States, 2003 Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 30 2009 1036 1044
8. M. Heron, D. Hoyert, S. Murphy, J. Xu, K. Kochanek, and B. Tejada-Vera Deaths: final data for 2006. National vital statistics reports 2009 National Center for Health Statistics Hyattsville [MD]
9. H. Kung, T.D. Hoyer, J. Xu, and S. Murphy Deaths: final data for 2005 National vital statistics reports April 24, 2008 National Center for Health Statistics Hyattsville, MD
10. J. Xu, K. Kochanek, S. Murphy, and B. Tejada-Vera National vital statistics reports. Deaths: final data for 2007 May 20, 2010 National Center for Health Statistics Hyattsville [MD]
11. CDC Multiple-serotype Salmonella gastroenteritis outbreak after a reception - Connecticut, 2009 MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 59 2010 1093 1097
12. R.M. Klevens, J.R. Edwards, C.L. Richards Jr., T.C. Horan, R.P. Gaynes, and D.A. Pollock Estimating health care-associated infections and deaths in US hospitals, 2002 Public Health Rep 122 2007 160 166
13. D.C. Angus, W.T. Linde-Zwirble, J. Lidicker, G. Clermont, J. Carcillo, and M.R. Pinsky Epidemiology of severe sepsis in the United States: analysis of incidence, outcome, and associated costs of care Crit Care Med 29 2001 1303 1310 (Pubitemid 32641789)
14. R.S. Watson, J.A. Carcillo, W.T. Linde-Zwirble, G. Clermont, J. Lidicker, and D.C. Angus The epidemiology of severe sepsis in children in the United States Am J Respir Crit Care Med 167 2003 695 701 (Pubitemid 36801744)
15. Ducel G, Fabry J, Nicolle L. Prevention of hospital -acquired infections: a practical guide. 2nd ed. Available from: http://www.who.int/emc. Accessed June 25, 2005.
16. H. Wisplinghoff, T. Bischoff, S.M. Tallent, H. Seifert, R.P. Wenzel, and M.B. Edmond Nosocomial bloodstream infections in US hospitals: analysis of 24,179 cases from a prospective nationwide surveillance study Clin Infect Dis 39 2004 309 317 (Pubitemid 39050477)
17. M.B. Edmond, S.E. Wallace, D.K. McClish, M.A. Pfaller, R.N. Jones, and R.P. Wenzel Nosocomial bloodstream infections in United States hospitals: a three-year analysis Clin Infect Dis 29 1999 239 244 (Pubitemid 29380177)
18. K.B. Laupland, D.A. Zygun, H.D. Davies, D.L. Church, T.J. Louie, and C.J. Doig Population-based assessment of intensive care unit-acquired bloodstream infections in adults: incidence, risk factors, and associated mortality rate Crit Care Med 30 2002 2462 2467 (Pubitemid 35351864)
19. L. Correa, and D. Pittet Problems and solutions in hospital-acquired bacteraemia J Hosp Infect 46 2000 89 95
20. D.K. Warren, A. Nitin, C. Hill, V.J. Fraser, and M.H. Kollef Occurrence of co-colonization or co-infection with vancomycin-resistant enterococci and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a medical intensive care unit Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 25 2004 99 104 (Pubitemid 38252336)
21. N.P. O'Grady, M. Alexander, E.P. Dellinger, J.L. Gerberding, S.O. Heard, and D.G. Maki Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention MMWR Recomm Rep 51 RR-10 2002 1 29
22. L.A. Mermel Prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections Ann Intern Med 132 2000 391 402 (Pubitemid 30127778)
23. D.K. Warren, J.E. Zack, A.M. Elward, M.J. Cox, and V.J. Fraser Nosocomial primary bloodstream infections in intensive care unit patients in a nonteaching community medical center: a 21-month prospective study Clin Infect Dis 33 2001 1329 1335 (Pubitemid 32955182)
24. S.I. Blot, P. Depuydt, L. Annemans, D. Benoit, E. Hoste, and J.J. De Waele Clinical and economic outcomes in critically ill patients with nosocomial catheter-related bloodstream infections Clin Infect Dis 41 2005 1591 1598 (Pubitemid 41693760)
25. P.B. Smith, J. Morgan, J.D. Benjamin, S.K. Fridkin, L.T. Sanza, and L.H. Harrison Excess costs of hospital care associated with neonatal candidemia Pediatr Infect Dis J 26 2007 197 200 (Pubitemid 46340764)
26. D.L. Edbrooke, C.L. Hibbert, J.M. Kingsley, S. Smith, N.M. Bright, and J.M. Quinn The patient-related costs of care for sepsis patients in a United Kingdom adult general intensive care unit Crit Care Med 27 1999 1760 1767 (Pubitemid 29455101)
27. G.A. Noskin, R.J. Rubin, J.J. Schentag, J. Kluytmans, E.C. Hedblom, and M. Smulders The burden of Staphylococcus aureus infections on hospitals in the United States: an analysis of the 2000 and 2001 Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database Arch Intern Med 165 2005 1756 1761 (Pubitemid 41138964)
28. A. Kothari, V. Sagar, V. Ahluwalia, B.S. Pillai, and M. Madan Costs associated with hospital-acquired bacteraemia in an Indian hospital: a case-control study J Hosp Infect 71 2009 143 148
29. V.D. Rosenthal, S. Guzman, and P.W. Orellano Nosocomial infections in medical-surgical intensive care units in Argentina: attributable mortality and length of stay Am J Infect Control 31 2003 291 295 (Pubitemid 36960666)
30. P.W. Kim, T.M. Perl, E.F. Keelaghan, P. Langenberg, E.N. Perencevich, and A.D. Harris Risk of mortality with a bloodstream infection is higher in the less severely ill at admission Am J Respir Crit Care Med 171 2005 616 620 (Pubitemid 40365417)
31. F.N. Lauria, and C. Angeletti The impact of noscomail infections on hospital care cost Infection 31 Suppl 2 2003 35 43 (Pubitemid 38186794)
32. G.B. Orsi, L. Di Stefano, and N. Noah Hospital-acquired, laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infection: increased hospital stay and direct costs Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 23 2002 190 197 (Pubitemid 34297272)
33. G. Ayliffe, J. Babb, and L. Taylor Hospital-acquired infection 3rd ed. 1999 Butterworth Oxford
34. AHRQ HCUP nationwide inpatient sample. Design of the HCUP nationwide inpatient sample, 2003 June 2005 Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Rockville [MD]
35. D. Pittet, D. Tarara, and R.P. Wenzel Nosocomial bloodstream infection in critically ill patients: excess length of stay, extra costs, and attributable mortality JAMA 271 1994 1598 1601
36. R. Houchens, and A. Elixhauser Final report on calculating nationwide inpatient sample (NIS) variances, 2001. HCUP methods series report number 2003-2 June 6, 2005 US Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Rockville [MD]
37. A.F. Shorr, Y.P. Tabak, A.D. Killian, V. Gupta, L.Z. Liu, and M.H. Kollef Healthcare-associated bloodstream infection: a distinct entity? Insights from a large US database Crit Care Med 34 2006 2588 2595 (Pubitemid 44413057)
38. D. Pittet, B. Thievent, R.P. Wenzel, N. Li, G. Gurman, and P.M. Suter Importance of pre-existing co-morbidities for prognosis of septicemia in critically ill patients Intensive Care Med 19 1993 265 272 (Pubitemid 23265998)
39. H. Wisplinghoff, O.A. Cornely, S. Moser, U. Bethe, H. Stutzer, and B. Salzberger Outcomes of nosocomial bloodstream infections in adult neutropenic patients: a prospective cohort and matched case-control study Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 24 2003 905 911 (Pubitemid 38029557)
40. K.B. Laupland, H. Lee, D.B. Gregson, and B.J. Manns Cost of intensive care unit-acquired bloodstream infections J Hosp Infect 63 2006 124 132
41. B. Digiovine, C. Chenoweth, C. Watts, and M. Higgins The attributable mortality and costs of primary nosocomial bloodstream infections in the intensive care unit Am J Respir Crit Care Med 160 1999 976 981 (Pubitemid 29442039)
42. P.W. Sullivan, T.W. Arant, S.L. Ellis, and H. Ulrich The cost effectiveness of anticoagulation management services for patients with atrial fibrillation and at high risk of stroke in the US Pharmacoeconomics 24 2006 1021 1033 (Pubitemid 44497473)
43. J. Morgan, M.I. Meltzer, B.D. Plikaytis, A.N. Sofair, S. Huie-White, and S. Wilcox Excess mortality, hospital stay, and cost due to candidemia: a case-control study using data from population-based candidemia surveillance Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 26 2005 540 547 (Pubitemid 40896144)
44. K.B. Laupland, H.D. Davies, D.L. Church, T.J. Louie, J.S. Dool, and D.A. Zygun Bloodstream infection-associated sepsis and septic shock in critically ill adults: a population-based study Infection 32 2004 59 64 (Pubitemid 38457097)
45. E.L. Larson, B. Cohen, B. Ross, and M. Behta Isolation precautions for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: electronic surveillance to monitor adherence Am J Crit Care 19 2010 16 27
46. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) NHSN agreement to participate and consent 2010 CDC Atlanta [GA]
47. CDC. Healthcare-associated infections: Recovery Act. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/HAI/recoveryact/index.html #. Accessed December 1, 2010.