Structure, composition and mechanical properties of the silk fibres of the egg case of the Joro spider, Nephila clavata (Araneae, Nephilidae)

Journal of Biosciences

Volumn 36, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 897-910

  Jiang, Ping ^a   Guo, Cong ^b   Lv, Taiyong ^a   Xiao, Yonghong ^a   Liao, Xinjun ^a   Zhou, Bing ^a  

^a JINGGANGSHAN UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b SICHUAN UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

Araneae; Egg case; Mechanical property of silk; Nephila; Spider silk

Indexed keywords

ALANINE; ASPARTIC ACID; CYSTEINE; GLUTAMIC ACID; GLYCINE; HISTIDINE; ISOLEUCINE; METHIONINE; PHENYLALANINE; PROLINE; SERINE; SILK; THREONINE; VALINE; AMINO ACID;

AMINO ACID; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; EGG; MECHANICAL PROPERTY; SPIDER;

AMINO ACID ANALYSIS; AMINO ACID COMPOSITION; ARTICLE; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FIBER; NEPHILA CLAVATA; NONHUMAN; PARTICLE SIZE; PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY; SURFACE PROPERTY; TENSILE STRENGTH; ANIMAL; CHEMISTRY; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; SILK; SPIDER; ULTRASTRUCTURE; ZYGOTE;

ARANEAE; NEPHILA; NEPHILA CLAVATA;

AMINO ACIDS; ANIMALS; MICROSCOPY, ELECTRON, SCANNING; SILK; SPIDERS; SURFACE PROPERTIES; TENSILE STRENGTH; ZYGOTE;

EID: 84858735283     PISSN: 02505991     EISSN: 09737138     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12038-011-9165-3     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Anderson SO 1970 Amino acid composition of spider silks. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 35 705-711
2. Austin AD 1985 The function of spider egg sacs in relation to parasitoids and predators, with special reference to the Australian fauna. J. Nat. His. 19 359-376
3. Barghout JYJ, Czernuszka JT and Viney C 2001 Multiaxial anisotropy of spider (Araneus diadematus) cocoon silk fibres. Polymer 42 5797-5800
4. Blackledge TA and Hayashi CY 2006 Silken toolkits: biomechanics of silk fibers spun by the orb web spider Argiope argentata (Fabricius 1775). J. Exp. Biol. 209 2452-2461
5. Casem ML, Turner D and Houchin K 1999 Protein and amino acid composition of silks from the cob weaver, Latrodectus hesperus (black widow). Int. J. Biol. Macromolecule. 24 103-108
6. Coddington J 1986 The monophyletic origin of the orb web; in Spider webs and spider behavior (ed) WA Shear (Stanford: Stanford University Press) pp 319-363
7. Danks HV 2004 The role of insect cocoons in cold conditions. Eur. J. Entomol. 101 433-437
8. Dicko C, Knight D, Kenney JM and Vollrath F 2005 Secondary Structures and conformational changes in flagelliform, cylindrical, major, and minor ampullate silk proteins. Temperature and concentration effects. Biochemistry 44 4727-4736
9. Dicko C, Vollrath F and Kenney JM 2004 Spider silk protein refolding is controlled by changing pH. Biomacromolecules 5 704-710
10. Eberhard WG 2001 Trolling for water striders: active searching for prey and the evolution of reduced webs in the spider Wendilgarda sp (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae). J. Nat. Hist. 35 229-251
11. Foradori MJ, Kovoor J, Moon MJ and Tillinghast EK 2002 Relation between the outer cover of the egg case of Argiope aurantia (Araneae: Araneidae) and the emergence of its spiderlings. J. Morphol. 252 218-226
12. Garb JE and Hayashi CY 2005 Modular evolution of egg case silk genes across orb-weaving spider superfamilies. PNAS 102 11379-11384
13. Gellynck K, Verdonck P, Almqvist F, Van Nimmen E, De Bakker D, Van Langenhove L, Mertens J, Verbrugge G and Kiekens P 2003 A spider silk support matrix used for cartilage regeneration. Tissue Engin. 9 813-814
14. Gertsch W 1979 American spiders 2nd edition (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold)
15. Gheysens T, Beladjal L, Gellynck K, Van Nimmen E, Van Langenhove L and Mertens J 2005 Egg structure of Zygiella-x-notata (Arachnida, Araneidea). J. Arachnol. 33 549-557
16. Gosline JM, DeMont ME and Denny MW 1986 The structure and properties of spider silk. Endeavour 10 37-43
17. Gosline JM, Guerette PA, Ortlepp CS and Savage KN 1999 The mechanical design of spider silks: from fibroin sequence to mechanical function. J. Exp. Biol. 202 3295-3303
18. Guarisco H 2001 Description of the egg sac of Mimetus notius (Araneae, Mimetidae) and a case of egg predation by Phalacrotophora epeirae (Diptera, Phoridae). J. Arachnol. 29 267-269
19. Hayashi CY, Blackledge TA and Lewis RV 2004 Molecular and mechanical characterization of aciniform silk: Uniformity of iterated sequence modules in a novel member of the spider silk fibroin gene family. Mol. Biol. Evol. 21 1950-1959
20. Hayashi CY and Lewis RV 2000 Melecular architecture and evolution of a modular spider silk protein gene. Science 287 1477-1479
21. Hayashi CY and Lewis RV 2001 Spider flagelliform silk: lessons in protein design, gene structure, and molecular evolution. BioEssays 23 750-756
22. Hayashi CY, Shipley NH and Lewis RV 1999 Hypotheses that correlate the sequence, structure, and mechanical properties of spider silk proteins. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 24 271-275
23. Hieber C 1985 The "insulation" layer in the cocoons of Argiope aurantia (Araneae: Araneidae). J. Therm. Biol. 10 171-175
24. Hieber C 1992a The role of spider cocoons in controlling desiccation. Oecologia 89 442-448
25. Hieber C 1992b Spider cocoons and their suspension systems as barriers to generalist and specialist predators. Oecologia 91 530-535
26. Hinman MB, Jones JA and Lewis RV 2000 Synthetic spider silk: a modular fiber. Trends Biotechnol. 18 374-379
27. Hu X, Kohler K, Falick AM, Moore AM, Jones PR and Vierra C 2006 Spider egg case core fibers: trimeric complexes assembled from TuSp1, ECP-1, and ECP-2. Biochemistry 45 3506-16
28. Hu X, Yuan J, Wang X, Vasanthavada K, Falick AM, Jones PR, La Mattina C and Vierra CA 2007 Analysis of aqueous glue coating proteins on the silk fibers of the cob weaver, Latrodectus hesperus. Biochemistry 46 3294-3303
29. Jiang P, Liu HF, Wang CH, Wu LZ and Guo C 2006 Tensile behavior and morphology of differently degummed silkworm (Bombyx mori) cocoon silk fibres. Materials Lett. 60 919-925
30. Kovoor J 1977 Donnees histochimiques sur les glandes sericigenes de la veuve noire Latrodectus mactans fabr. (Araneae: Theridiideae). Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. 19 63-87
31. Lin GL and Qian YJ 1981 Identification on egg cases of thirty cropland spider species. Nat. Enemies Insect. Z1 91-92 (in Chinese)
32. Liu Y, Sponner A, Porter D and Vollrath F 2008 Proline and processing of spider silks. Biomacromolecules 9 116-121
33. Lombardi SJ and Kaplan DL 1990 The amino acid composition of major ampullate gland silk (dragline) of Nephila clavipes (Araneae, Tetragnathidae). J. Arachnol. 18 297-306
34. Mattina CL, Reza R, Hu X., Falick AM, Vasanthavada K, McNary S, Yee R and Vierra CA 2008 Spider minor ampullate silk proteins are constituents of prey wrapping silk in the cob weaver Latrodectus hesperus. Biochemistry 47 4692-700
35. Moon MJ 2003 Fine structural analysis of the cocoon silk production in the garden spider, Argiope aurantia. Kor. J. Biol. Sci. 7 35-41
36. Opell BD 1984 Egg sac differences in the spider family Uloboridae (Arachnida: Araneae). Trans. Am. Micros. Soc. 103 122-129
37. Pérez-Rigueiro J, Elices M, Llorca J and Viney C 2001 Tensile Properties of Argiope trifasciata drag line silk obtained from the spider's web. J. App. Polymer Sci. 82 2245-2251
38. Pérez-Rigueiro J, Elices M, Llorca J and Viney C 2002 Effect of degumming on the tensile properties of silkworm (Bombyx mori) silk fiber. J. App. Polymer Sci. 84 1431-1437
39. Putthanarat S, Tapadia P, Shahrzad Z, Miller LD, Eby RK and Wade AW 2004 The color of dragline silk produced in captivity by the spider Nephila clavipes. Polymer 45 1933-1937
40. Riekel C 2003 Applications of micro-SAXS/WAXS to study polymer fibers. Nuc. Instr. Method. Phys. Res. B. 199 106-111
41. Savage KN and Gosline JM 2008a The effect of proline on the network structure of major ampullate silks as inferred from their mechanical and optical properties. J. Exp. Biol. 211 1937-1947
42. Savage KN and Gosline JM 2008b The role of proline in the elastic mechanism of hydrated spider silks. J. Exp. Biol. 211 1948-1957
43. Schimkewitsch W 1884 Etude sur l'anatomie de l'Epeire. Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. Paleon. 17 1-94
44. Sekiguchi K 1955 Differences in the spinning organs between male and female adult spiders. Sci. Rep. Tokyo Kyoiku Daigaku Sect. B. 8 23-32
45. Song DX 1997 The evolution of spider web. J. Heze Teachers College 19 1-9 (in Chinese)
46. Stubbs D, Tillinghast E, Townley M and Cherim N 1992 Fibrous composite structure in a spider silk. Naturwissenschaften. 79 231-234
47. Tian M and Lewis RV 2005 Molecular characterization and evolutionary study of spider tubuliform (egg case) silk protein. Biochemistry 44 8006-8012
48. Tian M and Lewis RV 2006 Tubuliform silk protein: A protein with unique molecular characteristics and mechanical properties in the spider silk fibroin family. Appl. Phys. A. 82 265-273
49. Turnbull AL 1973 Ecology of the true spiders (Araneomorphate). A. Rev. Ent. 18 305-348
50. Van Nimmen E, Gellynck K, Van Langenhove L and Mertens J 2006 The tensile properties of cocoon silk of the spider Araneus diadematus. Textile Res. 76 619-628
51. Van Nimmen E, Gellynck K, Gheysens T, Van Langenhove L and Mertens J 2005 Modeling of the stress-strain behavior of egg sac silk of the spider Araneus diadematus. J. Arachnol. 33 629-639
52. Vasanthavada K, Hu X, Falick AM, La Mattina C, Moore AM, Jones PR, Yee R, Reza R, Tuton T and Vierra C 2007 Aciniform spidroin, a constituent of egg case sacs and wrapping silk fibers from the black widow spider Latrodectus hesperus. J. Biol. Chem. 282 35088-97
53. Vollrath F 1999 Biology of spider silk. Biol. Macromol. 24 81-88
54. Vollrath F 2000 Strength and structure of spider' silks. Biol. Macromol. 74 67-83
55. Vollrath F and Knight DP 2001 Liquid crystalline spinning of spider silk. Nature (London) 410 541-548
56. Wang MQ and Cai WZ 2004 Silk and silk glands of insects. Entomol. Knowledge 40 90-95 (in Chinese)
57. Yang MN 1984 The observation of Oscinella frit (Linnaeus) parasitizing spider eggs. Plant Protect. 1 38 (in Chinese)
58. Yang MX 1993 Three ichneumon flies parasitizing spider eggs. Plant Protect. 5 46-48 (in Chinese)
59. Zhao AC, Zhao TF, Nakagaki K. Zhang YS, Sima YH, Miao YG, Shiomi K, Kajiura Z, Nagata Y, Takadera M and Nakagaki M 2006 Novel Molecular and Mechanical Properties of Egg Case Silk from Wasp Spider, Argiope bruennichi. Biochemistry 45 3348-3356