Brain tumors in children

Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care

Volumn 42, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 80-103

  Fleming, Adam J ^a   Chi, Susan N ^a  

^a HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ASTROCYTOMA; BRAIN TUMOR; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CHILDHOOD CANCER; CLINICAL FEATURE; FAMILIAL CANCER; GLIOMA; NEUROFIBROMATOSIS; NEUROIMAGING;

ADOLESCENT; ASTROCYTOMA; BRAIN NEOPLASMS; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; CONTRAST MEDIA; CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT; INTERDISCIPLINARY COMMUNICATION; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; NEOPLASMS, GERM CELL AND EMBRYONAL; PATIENT CARE TEAM; PROGNOSIS; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84858673055     PISSN: 15385442     EISSN: 15383199     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2011.12.002     Document Type: Article

References (138)

1. N.J. Ullrich, S.L. Pomeroy Pediatric brain tumors Neurol Clin 21 2003 897 913 (Pubitemid 37267796)
2. M.G. Ewend, L.A. Carey, D.E. Morris, R.D. Harvey, T.A. Hensing Brain metastases Curr Treat Options Oncol 2 2001 537 547
3. CBTRUS CBTRUS Statistical Report: Primary Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in the United States in 2004-2007 2011 Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States Hinsdale, IL www.cbtrus.org
4. N. Howlader, A.M. Noone, M. Krapcho, N. Neyman, R. Aminou, W. Waldron et al. SEER Cancer Statistics Review 1975-2008 National Cancer Institute Bethesda, MD http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975-2008/ based on November 2010 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, 2011
5. J.L. Weinstein, K. Ayyanar, M.A. Watral Secondary neoplasms following treatment for brain tumors Cancer Treat Res 150 2009 239 273
6. B.A. Ahmed, B.L. Connolly, P. Shroff, A.L. Chong, C. Gordon, R. Grant Cumulative effective doses from radiologic procedures for pediatric oncology patients Pediatrics 126 2010 e851 e858
7. V.C. Williams, J. Lucas, M.A. Babcock, D.H. Gutmann, B. Korf, B.L. Maria Neurofibromatosis type 1 Revisited Pediatrics 123 2009 124 133
8. J.M. Boulanger, A. Larbrisseau Neurofibromatosis type 1 in a pediatric population: Ste-Justine's experience Can J Neurol Sci 32 2005 225 231 (Pubitemid 40839966)
9. S. Singhal, J.M. Birch, B. Kerr, L. Lashford, D.G. Evans Neurofibromatosis type 1 and sporadic optic gliomas Arch Dis Child 87 2002 65 70 (Pubitemid 34753778)
10. D.H. Gutmann Using neurofibromatosis-1 to better understand and treat pediatric low-grade glioma J Child Neurol 23 2008 1186 1194
11. M. Piccirilli, J. Lenzi, C. Delfinis, G. Trasimeni, M. Salvati, A. Raco Spontaneous regression of optic pathways gliomas in three patients with neurofibromatosis type I and critical review of the literature Childs Nerv Syst 22 2006 1332 1337 (Pubitemid 44446050)
12. N.J. Ullrich, R. Robertson, D.D. Kinnamon, R.M. Scott, M.W. Kieran, C.D. Turner Moyamoya following cranial Irradiation for primary brain tumors in children Neurology 68 2007 932 938 (Pubitemid 46568506)
13. T. Okuno, A.L. Prensky, M. Gado The Moyamoya syndrome associated with Irradiation of an optic glioma in children: Report of two cases and review of the literature Pediatr Neurol 1 1985 311 316 (Pubitemid 17029761)
14. A. Imamura, N. Matsuo, M. Okuda, H. Morita, M. Iwata, Y. Yamazaki Serial MR imaging and 1H-MR spectroscopy of unidentified bright objects in a case of neurofibromatosis type 1 Brain Dev 27 2005 595 597 (Pubitemid 41681760)
15. D. Malkin, F.P. Li, L.C. Strong, J.F. Fraumeni Jr, C.E. Nelson, D.H. Kim Germ line p53 mutations in a familial syndrome of breast cancer, sarcomas, and other neoplasms Science 250 1990 1233 1238 (Pubitemid 120031831)
16. M.W. Ruijs, S. Verhoef, M.A. Rookus, R. Pruntel, A.H. van der Hout, F.B. Hogervorst TP53 Germline mutation testing in 180 families suspected of Li-Fraumeni syndrome: Mutation detection rate and relative frequency of cancers in different familial phenotypes J Med Genet 47 2010 421 428
17. K. Schneider, J. Garber LiFraumeni syndrome R.A. Pagon, T.D. Bird, C.R. Dolan, K. Stephens, GeneReviews 1993 University of Washington Seattle (WA)
18. J.L. Bader, R.W. Miller, A.T. Meadows, L.E. Zimmerman, L.A. Champion, P.A. Voute Trilateral retinoblastoma Lancet 2 1980 582 583 (Pubitemid 10056616)
19. I.J. Dunkel, R.F. Jubran, S. Gururangan, G.L. Chantada, J.L. Finlay, S. Goldman Trilateral retinoblastoma: Potentially curable with intensive chemotherapy Pediatr Blood Cancer 54 2010 384 387
20. K. Prochazkova, L. Foretova, Z. Sedlacek A rare tumor and an ethical dilemma in a family with a Germline TP53 mutation Cancer Genet Cytogenet 180 2008 65 69 (Pubitemid 350192684)
21. M.E. Baser, D.G. R Evans, D.H. Gutmann Neurofibromatosis 2 Curr Opin Neurol 16 2003 27 33 (Pubitemid 36206759)
22. A.K. Demetriades, N. Saunders, P. Rose, C. Fisher, J. Rowe, R. Tranter Malignant transformation of acoustic neuroma/vestibular schwannoma 10 years after gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery Skull Base 20 2010 381 387
23. P. Curatolo, R. Bombardieri, S. Jozwiak Tuberous sclerosis Lancet 372 2008 657 668
24. D.A. Krueger, M.M. Care, K. Holland, K. Agricola, C. Tudor, P. Mangeshkar Everolimus for subependymal giant-cell astrocytomas in tuberous sclerosis N Engl J Med 363 2010 1801 1811
25. C.J. Farrell, S.R. Plotkin Genetic causes of brain tumors: Neurofibromatosis, tuberous sclerosis, von HippelLindau, and other syndromes Neurol Clin 25 2007 925 946 viii (Pubitemid 47610810)
26. R.R. Lonser, G.M. Glenn, M. Walther, E.Y. Chew, S.K. Libutti, W.M. Linehan Von Hippel-Lindau disease Lancet 361 2003 2059 2067 (Pubitemid 36695052)
27. A.F. Hottinger, Y. Khakoo Neurooncology of familial cancer syndromes J Child Neurol 24 2009 1526 1535
28. A.F. Hottinger, Y. Khakoo Update on the management of familial central nervous system tumor syndromes Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 7 2007 200 207 (Pubitemid 46831513)
29. D.N. Louis, A. von Deimling Hereditary tumor syndromes of the nervous system: Overview and rare syndromes Brain Pathol 5 1995 145 151
30. G. Melean, R. Sestini, F. Ammannati, L. Papi Genetic insights into familial tumors of the nervous system Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 129C 2004 74 84 (Pubitemid 38989134)
31. B.H. Cohen Headaches as a symptom of neurological disease Semin Pediatr Neurol 2 1995 144 150
32. S. Wilne, D. Walker Spine and spinal cord tumours in children: A diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to healthcare systems Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 95 2010 47 54
33. S. Wilne, J. Collier, C. Kennedy, K. Koller, R. Grundy, D. Walker Presentation of childhood CNS tumours: A systematic review and Meta-analysis Lancet Oncol 8 2007 685 695 (Pubitemid 47163575)
34. A.W. Walter, J.M. Hilden Brain tumors in children Curr Oncol Rep 6 2004 438 444 (Pubitemid 39585689)
35. B.C. Reulecke, C.G. Erker, B.J. Fiedler, T.U. Niederstadt, G. Kurlemann Brain tumors in children: Initial symptoms and their influence on the time span between symptom onset and diagnosis J Child Neurol 23 2008 178 183
36. S. Wilne, K. Koller, J. Collier, C. Kennedy, R. Grundy, D. Walker The diagnosis of brain tumours in children: A guideline to assist healthcare professionals in the assessment of children who may have a brain tumour Arch Dis Child 95 2010 534 539
37. S.H. Wilne, R.C. Ferris, A. Nathwani, C.R. Kennedy The presenting features of brain tumours: A review of 200 cases Arch Dis Child 91 2006 502 506 (Pubitemid 43836102)
38. P.C. Baker, J.L. Bernat The neuroanatomy of vomiting in man: Association of projectile vomiting with a solitary metastasis in the lateral tegmentum of the pons and the middle cerebellar peduncle J Neurol Neurosurg, Psychiatry 48 1985 1165 1168 (Pubitemid 16248154)
39. A.L. Gropman, R.J. Packer, H.S. Nicholson, L.G. Vezina, R. Jakacki, R. Geyer Treatment of diencephalic syndrome with chemotherapy: Growth, tumor response, and long term control Cancer 83 1998 166 172 (Pubitemid 28299643)
40. N. Yazici, A. Varan, N. Akalan, F. Soylemezoglu, F. Zorlu, T. Kutluk Diencephalic tumors in children: A 30-year experience of a single institution Childs Nerv Syst 27 2011 1251 1256
41. B.K. Cho, K.C. Wang, D.H. Nam, D.G. Kim, H.W. Jung, H.J. Kim Pineal tumors: Experience with 48 cases over 10 years Childs Nerv Syst 14 1998 53 58 (Pubitemid 28269423)
42. W. Hamilton, D. Kernick Clinical features of primary brain tumours: A case-control study using electronic primary Care records Br J Gen Pract 57 2007 695 699 (Pubitemid 47423014)
43. D.I. Sandberg, J. Ragheb, C. Dunoyer, S. Bhatia, G. Olavarria, G. Morrison Surgical outcomes and seizure control rates after resection of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors Neurosurg Focus 18 2005 E5
44. H. Bertsch, S. Rudoler, M.N. Needle, P. Malloy, L. Sutton, J. Belasco Emergent/urgent therapeutic Irradiation in pediatric oncology: Patterns of presentation, treatment, and outcome Med Pediatr Oncol 30 1998 101 105 (Pubitemid 128765924)
45. A. Panigrahy, S. Blml Neuroimaging of pediatric brain tumors: From basic to advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) J Child Neurol 24 2009 1343 1365
46. G.Y. Luh, C.R. Bird Imaging of brain tumors in the pediatric population Neuroimaging Clin N Am 9 1999 691 716
47. B.J. Pirotte, A. Lubansu, N. Massager, D. Wikler, P. Van Bogaert, M. Levivier Clinical interest of integrating positron emission tomography imaging in the workup of 55 children with incidentally diagnosed brain lesions J Neurosurg Pediatr 5 2010 479 485
48. M.J. Paldino, E.N. Faerber, T.Y. Poussaint Imaging tumors of the pediatric central nervous system Radiol Clin North Am 49 2011 589 616
49. A.L. Albright, R. Sposto, E. Holmes, P.M. Zeltzer, J.L. Finlay, J.H. Wisoff Correlation of neurosurgical subspecialization with outcomes in children with malignant brain tumors Neurosurgery 47 2000 879 885 [Discussion 885-7]
50. J.T. Rutka, J.S. Kuo, M. Carter, A. Ray, S. Ueda, T.G. Mainprize Advances in the treatment of pediatric brain tumors Exp Rev Neurother 4 2004 879 893 (Pubitemid 39186692)
51. T.F. DeLaney Clinical proton radiation therapy research at the Francis H. Burr Proton Therapy Center Technol Cancer Res Treat 6 2007 61 66
52. T.E. Merchant, I.F. Pollack, J.S. Loeffler Brain tumors across the age spectrum: Biology, therapy, and late effects Semin Radiat Oncol 20 2010 58 66
53. T.E. Merchant, C.H. Hua, H. Shukla, X. Ying, S. Nill, U. Oelfke Proton versus photon radiotherapy for common pediatric brain tumors: Comparison of models of dose characteristics and their relationship to cognitive function Pediatr Blood Cancer 51 2008 110 117 (Pubitemid 351717400)
54. R.J. Packer, J. Goldwein, H.S. Nicholson, L.G. Vezina, J.C. Allen, M.D. Ris Treatment of children with medulloblastomas with reduced-dose craniospinal radiation therapy and adjuvant chemotherapy: A Children's Cancer Group study J Clin Oncol 17 1999 2127 2136 (Pubitemid 29318845)
55. J.M. Saury, I. Emanuelson Cognitive consequences of the treatment of medulloblastoma among children Pediatr Neurol 44 2011 21 30
56. H.M. Conklin, C. Li, X. Xiong, R.J. Ogg, T.E. Merchant Predicting change in academic abilities after conformal radiation therapy for localized ependymoma J Clin Oncol 26 2008 3965 3970
57. J. Grill, C. Dufour, C. Kalifa [Brain tumors in children] Rev Prat 57 2007 817 825
58. J. Grill, V. Kieffer, C. Kalifa Measuring the neuro-cognitive side-effects of irradiation in children with brain tumors Pediatr Blood Cancer 42 2004 452 456 (Pubitemid 38524477)
59. S.L. Palmer, W.E. Reddick, A. Gajjar Understanding the cognitive impact on children who are treated for medulloblastoma J Pediatr Psychol 32 2007 1040 1049 (Pubitemid 47622289)
60. A. Ruggiero, V. Conter, M. Milani, E. Biagi, I. Lazzareschi, P. Sparano Intrathecal chemotherapy with antineoplastic agents in children Paediatr Drugs 3 2001 237 246 (Pubitemid 32391804)
61. R.J. Packer, J. Ater, J. Allen, P. Phillips, R. Geyer, H.S. Nicholson Carboplatin and vincristine chemotherapy for children with newly diagnosed progressive low-grade gliomas J Neurosurg 86 1997 747 754 (Pubitemid 27187674)
62. B.R. Rood, T.J. Macdonald, R.J. Packer Current treatment of medulloblastoma: Recent advances and future challenges Semin Oncol 31 2004 666 675 (Pubitemid 39389018)
63. J.R. Geyer, R. Sposto, M. Jennings, J.M. Boyett, R.A. Axtell, D. Breiger Multiagent chemotherapy and deferred radiotherapy in infants with malignant brain tumors: A report from the Children's Cancer Group J Clin Oncol 23 2005 7621 7631 (Pubitemid 46291826)
64. I. Qaddoumi, I. Sultan, A. Broniscer Pediatric low-grade gliomas and the need for new options for therapy: Why and how? Cancer Biol Ther 8 2009 4 10
65. S. Partap, P.G. Fisher Update on new treatments and developments in childhood brain tumors Curr Opin Pediatr 19 2007 670 674 (Pubitemid 350145235)
66. N.G. Gottardo, A. Gajjar Chemotherapy for malignant brain tumors of childhood J Child Neurol 23 2008 1149 1159
67. A.J. Sievert, M.J. Fisher Pediatric low-grade gliomas J Child Neurol 24 2009 1397 1408
68. S. Gururangan, M.J. Fisher, J.C. Allen, J.E. Herndon 2nd, J.A. Quinn, D.A. Reardon Temozolomide in children with progressive low-grade glioma Neuro Oncol 9 2007 161 168 (Pubitemid 46580317)
69. J.A. Heath, C.D. Turner, T.Y. Poussaint, R.M. Scott, L. Goumnerova, M.W. Kieran Chemotherapy for progressive low-grade gliomas in children older than ten years: The Dana-Farber experience Pediatr Hematol Oncol 20 2003 497 504 (Pubitemid 37248192)
70. I.F. Pollack The role of surgery in pediatric gliomas J Neuro Oncol 42 1999 271 288 (Pubitemid 29322203)
71. J.H. Wisoff, J.M. Boyett, M.S. Berger, C. Brant, H. Li, A.J. Yates Current neurosurgical management and the impact of the extent of resection in the treatment of malignant gliomas of childhood: A report of the children's Cancer Group trial no CCG-945 J Neurosurg 89 1998 52 59 (Pubitemid 28285922)
72. A. Broniscer, J.N. Baker, S.J. Baker, S.N. Chi, J.R. Geyer, E.B. Morris Prospective collection of tissue samples at autopsy in children with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma Cancer 116 2010 4632 4637
73. P. Angelini, C. Hawkins, N. Laperriere, E. Bouffet, U. Bartels Post mortem examinations in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma: Challenges and chances J Neuro Oncol 101 2011 75 81
74. K.J. Cohen, A. Broniscer, J. Glod Pediatric glial tumors Curr Treat Options Oncol 2 2001 529 536
75. K.J. Cohen, I.F. Pollack, T. Zhou, A. Buxton, E.J. Holmes, P.C. Burger Temozolomide in the treatment of high-grade gliomas in children: A report from the Children's Oncology Group Neuro Oncol 13 2011 317 323
76. I.F. Pollack, J.M. Boyett, J.L. Finlay Chemotherapy for high-grade gliomas of childhood Childs Nerv Syst 15 1999 529 544 (Pubitemid 29493579)
77. B. Herrington, M.W. Kieran Small molecule inhibitors in children with malignant gliomas Pediatr Blood Cancer 53 2009 312 317
78. M.W. Kieran Anti-angiogenic therapy in pediatric neuro-oncology J Neuro Oncol 75 2005 327 334 (Pubitemid 43019488)
79. A. Broniscer, M. Chintagumpala, M. Fouladi, M.J. Krasin, M. Kocak, D.C. Bowers Temozolomide after radiotherapy for newly diagnosed high-grade glioma and unfavorable low-grade glioma in children J Neuro Oncol 76 2006 313 319
80. A.C. Verschuur, J. Grill, A. Lelouch-Tubiana, D. Couanet, C. Kalifa, G. Vassal Temozolomide in paediatric high-grade glioma: A key for combination therapy? Br J Cancer 91 2004 425 429 (Pubitemid 39093558)
81. M.E. Hegi, A.C. Diserens, T. Gorlia, M.F. Hamou, N. de Tribolet, M. Weller MGMT gene silencing and benefit from temozolomide in glioblastoma N Engl J Med 352 2005 997 1003 (Pubitemid 40349502)
82. J. Shamsara, S. Sharif, S. Afsharnezhad, M. Lotfi, H.R. Raziee, K. Ghaffarzadegan Association between MGMT promoter hypermethylation and p53 mutation in glioblastoma Cancer Invest 27 2009 825 829
83. I. Qaddoumi, I. Sultan, A. Gajjar Outcome and prognostic features in pediatric gliomas: A review of 6212 cases from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database Cancer 115 2009 5761 5770
84. D.N. Louis, H. Ohgaki, O.D. Wiestler, W.K. Cavenee, P.C. Burger, A. Jouvet The 2007 WHO classification of tumours of the central nervous system Acta Neuropathol 114 2007 97 109 (Pubitemid 47103521)
85. P.L. Robertson, P.M. Zeltzer, J.M. Boyett, L.B. Rorke, J.C. Allen, J.R. Geyer Survival and prognostic factors following radiation therapy and chemotherapy for ependymomas in children: A report of the Children's Cancer Group J Neurosurg 88 1998 695 703 (Pubitemid 28145213)
86. J. Fangusaro, C. Van Den Berghe, T. Tomita, V. Rajaram, D. Aguilera, D. Wang Evaluating the incidence and utility of microscopic metastatic dissemination as diagnosed by lumbar cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) samples in children with newly diagnosed intracranial ependymoma J Neuro Oncol 103 2010 693 698
87. L. Ridley, R. Rahman, M.A. Brundler, D. Ellison, J. Lowe, K. Robson Multifactorial analysis of predictors of outcome in pediatric intracranial ependymoma Neuro Oncol 10 2008 675 689
88. J. Grill, M.C. Le Deley, D. Gambarelli, M.A. Raquin, D. Couanet, A. Pierre-Kahn Postoperative chemotherapy without Irradiation for ependymoma in children under 5 years of age: A multicenter trial of the French Society of Pediatric Oncology J Clin Oncol 19 2001 1288 1296 (Pubitemid 32202532)
89. J. Hukin, F. Epstein, D. Lefton, J. Allen Treatment of intracranial ependymoma by surgery alone Pediatr Neurosurg 29 1998 40 45 (Pubitemid 29060798)
90. T.E. Merchant, C. Li, X. Xiong, L.E. Kun, F.A. Boop, R.A. Sanford Conformal radiotherapy after surgery for paediatric ependymoma: A prospective study Lancet Oncol 10 2009 258 266
91. R. Venkatramani, G. Dhall, M. Patel, J. Grimm, C. Hawkins, G. McComb Supratentorial ependymoma in children: To observe or to treat following gross total resection? Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011 [Epub ahead of print]
92. M.N. Needle, J.W. Goldwein, J. Grass, A. Cnaan, I. Bergman, P. Molloy Adjuvant chemotherapy for the treatment of intracranial ependymoma of childhood Cancer 80 1997 341 347 (Pubitemid 27282329)
93. S. Zacharoulis, S. Ashley, L. Moreno, J.C. Gentet, M. Massimino, D. Frappaz Treatment and outcome of children with relapsed ependymoma: A multi-institutional retrospective analysis Childs Nerv Syst 26 2010 905 911
94. C. Dunham Pediatric brain tumors: A histologic and genetic update on commonly encountered entities Semin Diagn Pathol 27 2010 147 159
95. U.H. Athale, J. Duckworth, I. Odame, R. Barr Childhood atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor of the central nervous system: A meta-analysis of observational studies J Pediatr Hematol/Oncol 31 2009 651 663
96. P.A. Northcott, A. Korshunov, H. Witt, T. Hielscher, C.G. Eberhart, S. Mack Medulloblastoma comprises four distinct molecular variants J Clin Oncol 29 2010 1408 1414
97. D.W. Ellison, M. Kocak, J. Dalton, H. Megahed, M.E. Lusher, S.L. Ryan Definition of disease-risk stratification groups in childhood medulloblastoma using combined clinical, pathologic, and molecular variables J Clin Oncol 29 2010 1400 1407
98. D.W. Ellison, J. Dalton, M. Kocak, S.L. Nicholson, C. Fraga, G. Neale Medulloblastoma: Clinicopathological correlates of SHH, WNT, and non-SHH/WNT molecular subgroups Acta Neuropathol 121 2011 381 396
99. P. Gibson, Y. Tong, G. Robinson, M.C. Thompson, D.S. Currle, C. Eden Subtypes of medulloblastoma have distinct developmental origins Nature 468 2010 1095 1099
100. P.M. Zeltzer, J.M. Boyett, J.L. Finlay, A.L. Albright, L.B. Rorke, J.M. Milstein Metastasis stage, adjuvant treatment, and residual tumor are prognostic factors for medulloblastoma in children: Conclusions from the Children's Cancer Group 921 randomized phase III study J Clin Oncol 17 1999 832 845 (Pubitemid 29109313)
101. B.H. Cohen, P.M. Zeltzer, J.M. Boyett, J.R. Geyer, J.C. Allen, J.L. Finlay Prognostic factors and treatment results for supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors in children using radiation and chemotherapy: A Children's Cancer Group randomized trial J Clin Oncol 13 1995 1687 1696
102. R.I. Jakacki, P.M. Zeltzer, J.M. Boyett, A.L. Albright, J.C. Allen, J.R. Geyer Survival and prognostic factors following Radiation and/or chemotherapy for primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the pineal region in infants and children: A report of the Children's Cancer Group J Clin Oncol 13 1995 1377 1383
103. G. Dhall Medulloblastoma J Child Neurol 24 2009 1418 1430
104. S. Rutkowski, B. Cohen, J. Finlay, R. Luksch, V. Ridola, D. Valteau-Couanet Medulloblastoma in young children Pediatr Blood Cancer 54 2010 635 637
105. C.G. Eberhart, K.J. Cohen, T. Tihan, P.T. Goldthwaite, P.C. Burger Medulloblastomas with systemic metastases: Evaluation of tumor histopathology and clinical behavior in 23 patients J Pediatr Hematol/Oncol 25 2003 198 203 (Pubitemid 36292834)
106. H.W. Chin, Y. Maruyama Early response and Long-term results in the radiotherapy of childhood medulloblastoma J Neuro Oncol 1 1983 53 59 (Pubitemid 13087849)
107. A.M. Butturini, M. Jacob, J. Aguajo, N.A. Vander-Walde, J. Villablanca, R. Jubran High-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell rescue in children with recurrent medulloblastoma and supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors: The impact of Prior radiotherapy on outcome Cancer 115 2009 2956 2963
108. V. Ridola, J. Grill, F. Doz, J.C. Gentet, D. Frappaz, M.A. Raquin High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell rescue followed by posterior fossa irradiation for Local medulloblastoma recurrence or progression after conventional chemotherapy Cancer 110 2007 156 163 (Pubitemid 46986428)
109. J. Grill, C. Dufour, C. Kalifa High-dose chemotherapy in children with newly-diagnosed medulloblastoma Lancet Oncol 7 2006 787 789 (Pubitemid 44464068)
110. M.H. Li, E. Bouffet, C.E. Hawkins, J.A. Squire, A. Huang Molecular genetics of supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors and pineoblastoma Neurosurg Focus 19 2005 E3
111. S.N. Chi, M.A. Zimmerman, X. Yao, K.J. Cohen, P. Burger, J.A. Biegel Intensive multimodality treatment for children with newly diagnosed CNS atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor J Clin Oncol 27 2009 385 389
112. D.E. Saunders, R.D. Hayward, K.P. Phipps, W.K. Chong, A.M. Wade Surveillance neuroimaging of intracranial medulloblastoma in children: How effective, how often, and for how long? J Neurosurg 99 2003 280 286 (Pubitemid 36900122)
113. B. Wrede, M. Hasselblatt, O. Peters, P.F. Thall, T. Kutluk, A. Moghrabi Atypical choroid plexus papilloma: Clinical experience in the CPT-SIOP-2000 study J Neuro Oncol 95 2009 383 392
114. V. Krutilkova, M. Trkova, J. Fleitz, V. Gregor, K. Novotna, A. Krepelova Identification of five new families strengthens the Link between childhood choroid plexus carcinoma and germline TP53 mutations Eur J Cancer 41 2005 1597 1603 (Pubitemid 40981842)
115. J.E. Wolff, M. Sajedi, M.J. Coppes, R.A. Anderson, R.M. Egeler Radiation therapy and survival in choroid plexus carcinoma Lancet 353 1999 2126 (Pubitemid 29278485)
116. B. Wrede, P. Liu, J.E. Wolff Chemotherapy improves the survival of patients with choroid plexus carcinoma: A meta-analysis of individual cases with choroid plexus tumors J Neuro Oncol 85 2007 345 351 (Pubitemid 350142525)
117. L. Lafay-Cousin, D.J. Mabbott, W. Halliday, M.D. Taylor, U. Tabori, I.D. Kamaly-Asl Use of ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide chemotherapy in choroid plexus carcinoma J Neurosurg Pediatr 5 2010 615 621
118. E. Chow, D.A. Reardon, A.B. Shah, J.J. Jenkins, J. Langston, R.L. Heideman Pediatric choroid plexus neoplasms Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 44 1999 249 254 (Pubitemid 29205019)
119. Y. Kamoshima, Y. Sawamura Update on current standard treatments in central nervous system germ cell tumors Curr Opin Neurol 23 2010 571 575
120. N. Tomura, S. Takahashi, K. Kato, K. Okane, R. Sashi, O. Watanabe Germ cell tumors of the central nervous system originating from non-pineal regions: CT and MR features Comput Med Imaging Graph 24 2000 269 276 (Pubitemid 30332166)
121. M.E. Echevarra, J. Fangusaro, S. Goldman Pediatric central nervous system germ cell tumors: A review Oncologist 13 2008 690 699 (Pubitemid 351904913)
122. S. Janmohamed, A.B. Grossman, K. Metcalfe, D.G. Lowe, D.F. Wood, S.L. Chew Suprasellar germ cell tumours: Specific problems and the evolution of optimal management with a combined chemoradiotherapy regimen Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 57 2002 487 500 (Pubitemid 35216300)
123. R.F. Jubran, J. Finlay Central nervous system germ cell tumors: Controversies in diagnosis and treatment Oncol Williston Park 19 2005 705 711 [Discussion 711-2, 715-7, 721] (Pubitemid 41725391)
124. J.L. Habrand, S. Bolle, J. Datchary, C. Alapetite, S. Petras, S. Helfre [Proton beam therapy in pediatric radiotherapy] Cancer Radiother 13 2009 550 555
125. J. Hukin, P. Steinbok, L. Lafay-Cousin, G. Hendson, D. Strother, C. Mercier Intracystic bleomycin therapy for craniopharyngioma in children: The Canadian experience Cancer 109 2007 2124 2131 (Pubitemid 46744209)
126. L. Lafay-Cousin, U. Bartels, C. Raybaud, A.V. Kulkarni, S. Guger, A. Huang Neuroradiological findings of bleomycin leakage in cystic craniopharyngioma Report of three cases J Neurosurg 107 2007 318 323
127. D.B. Crom, D. Smith, Z. Xiong, A. Onar, M.M. Hudson, T.E. Merchant Health status in Long-term survivors of pediatric craniopharyngiomas J Neurosci Nurs 42 2010 323 328 [Quiz 329-30]
128. D.P. Waber, S.L. Pomeroy, A.M. Chiverton, M.W. Kieran, R.M. Scott, L.C. Goumnerova Everyday cognitive function after craniopharyngioma in childhood Pediatr Neurol 34 2006 13 19 (Pubitemid 41821003)
129. K.M. Winkfield, H.K. Tsai, X. Yao, E. Larson, D. Neuberg, S.L. Pomeroy Long-term clinical outcomes following treatment of childhood craniopharyngioma Pediatr Blood Cancer 56 2011 1120 1126
130. K.K. Hardy, M.J. Bonner, V.W. Willard, M.A. Watral, S. Gururangan Hydrocephalus as a possible additional contributor to cognitive outcome in survivors of pediatric medulloblastoma Psychooncology 17 2008 1157 1161
131. C.D. Turner, C.A. Chordas, C.C. Liptak, C. Rey-Casserly, B.L. Delaney, N.J. Ullrich Medical, psychological, cognitive and educational late-effects in pediatric low-grade glioma survivors treated with surgery only Pediatr Blood Cancer 53 2009 417 423
132. S.L. Palmer, T. Hassall, K. Evankovich, D.J. Mabbott, M. Bonner, C. Deluca Neurocognitive outcome 12 months following cerebellar mutism syndrome in pediatric patients with medulloblastoma Neuro Oncol 12 2010 1311 1317
133. J. Grill, D. Viguier, V. Kieffer, C. Bulteau, C. Sainte-Rose, O. Hartmann Critical risk factors for intellectual impairment in children with posterior fossa tumors: The role of cerebellar damage J Neurosurg 101 2004 152 158 (Pubitemid 39426188)
134. T.E. Merchant, H.M. Conklin, S. Wu, R.H. Lustig, X. Xiong Late effects of conformal radiation therapy for pediatric patients with low-grade glioma: Prospective evaluation of cognitive, endocrine, and hearing deficits J Clin Oncol 27 2009 3691 3697
135. L. Douw, M. Klein, S.S. Fagel, J. van den Heuvel, M.J. Taphoorn, N.K. Aaronson Cognitive and radiological effects of radiotherapy in patients with low-grade glioma: Long-term follow-up Lancet Neurol 8 2009 810 818
136. M.M. Rutter, S.R. Rose Long-term endocrine sequelae of childhood cancer Curr Opin Pediatr 19 2007 480 487 (Pubitemid 47075631)
137. G.T. Armstrong Long-term survivors of childhood central nervous system malignancies: The experience of the childhood cancer survivor study Eur J Paediatr Neurol 14 2010 298 303
138. C.D. Turner, C. Rey-Casserly, C.C. Liptak, C. Chordas Late effects of therapy for pediatric brain tumor survivors J Child Neurol 24 2009 1455 1463