Flower morphology, nectar traits and pollinators of Cerinthe major (Boraginaceae-Lithospermeae)

Flora: Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants

Volumn 207, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 186-196

  Nocentini, Daniele ^a   Pacini, Ettore ^a   Guarnieri, Massimo ^a   Nepi, Massimo ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SIENA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Cerinthe major; Nectar composition and dynamics; Nectary; Pollination; Pollinators

Indexed keywords

AMINO ACID; DICOTYLEDON; FLOWER; FLOWER VISITING; HIGH TEMPERATURE; MORPHOLOGY; NECTARY; PHENOLOGY; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; POLLINATION; RELATIVE HUMIDITY; SUGAR; VOLUME;

ANTHOPHORA; APOIDEA; BOMBUS HORTORUM; BORAGINACEAE; CERINTHE MAJOR;

EID: 84858278708     PISSN: 03672530     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.flora.2012.01.004     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. Baker H.G., Baker I. Chemical constituents of nectar in relation to pollination mechanisms and phylogeny. Biochemical Aspects of Evolutionary Biology 1982, 131-171. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. M.H. Nitecki (Ed.).
2. Baker H.G., Baker I. Floral nectar sugar constituents in relation to pollinator type. Handbook of Experimental Pollination Biology 1983, 117-141. Scientific and Academic Editions, New York. C.E. Jones, R.J. Little (Eds.).
3. Baker H.G., Baker I. A brief historical review of the chemistry of floral nectar. The Biology of Nectaries 1983, 126-151. Columbia University Press, New York. B. Bentley, T. Elias (Eds.).
4. Bell G. The evolution of empty flowers. J. Theor. Biol. 1986, 118:253-258.
5. Bernardello G. A systematic survey of floral nectaries. Nectaries and Nectar 2007, 19-87. Springer, Dordrecht. S.W. Nicolson, M. Nepi, E. Pacini (Eds.).
6. Bicker G. Taurine-like immunoreactivity in photoreceptor cells and mushroom bodies: a comparison of the chemical architecture of insect nervous systems. Brain Res. 1991, 560:201-206.
7. Boyd A.E. Breeding system of Macromeria viridiflora (Boraginaceae) and geographic variation in pollinator assemblages. Am. J. Bot. 2004, 91:1809-1813.
8. Burger H., Ayasse M., Häberlein C.M., Schulz S., Dötterl S. Echium and Pontechium specific floral cues for host-plant recognition by the oligolectic bee Hoplitis adunca. S. Afr. J. Bot. 2010, 76:788-795.
9. Canto A., Herrera C.M., García I.M., Pérez R., Vaz M. Intraplant variation in nectar traits in Helleborus foetidus (Ranunculaceae) as related to floral phase, environmental conditions and pollinator exposure. Flora 2011, 206:668-675.
10. Carter C., Sharoni S., Yehonatan L., Palmer R.G., Thornburg R. A novel role for proline in plant floral nectars. Naturwissenschaften 2006, 93:72-79.
11. Chinery M. Guida degli Insetti d'Europa 2004, Franco Muzzio Editore, Padova.
12. Chittka L., Raine N.E. Recognition of flowers by pollinators. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 2006, 9:428-435.
13. Cohen S.A., Micheaud D.P. Synthesis of a fluorescent derivatizing reagent, 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate, and its application for the analysis of hydrolysate amino acids via High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Anal. Biochem. 1993, 211:279-287.
14. Corbet S.A., Willmer P.G., Beament J.W.L., Unwin D.M., Prys-Jones O.E. Post-secretory determinants of sugar concentration in nectar. Plant Cell Environ. 1979, 2:293-308.
15. Cruden R.W. Pollen-ovule ratios: a conservative indicator of breeding systems in flowering plants. Evolution 1977, 31:32-46.
16. Dafni A., Motte-Maués M. A rapid and simple procedure to determine stigma receptivity. Sex. Plant Reprod. 1998, 11:177-180.
17. Dukas R., Dafni A. Buzz-pollination in three nectariferous Boraginaceae and possible evolution of buzz-pollinated flowers. Plant Syst. Evol. 1990, 169:65-68.
18. Dupont Y.L., Hansen D.M., Rasmussen J.T., Olesen J.M. Evolutionary changes in nectar sugar composition associated with switches between bird and insect pollination: the Canarian bird-flower element revisited. Funct. Ecol. 2004, 18:670-676.
19. Dupont Y.L., Hansen D.M., Valido A., Olesen J.M. Impact of introduced honey bees on native pollination interaction of endemic Echium wildpretii (Boraginaceae) on Tenerife, Canary Islands. Biol. Conserv. 2004, 118:301-311.
20. Faegri K., van der Pijl L. The Principles of Pollination Ecology 1979, Pergamon Press, Oxford.
21. Fiori A. La nuova flora analitica d'Italia 1923-1925, M. Ricci, Firenze.
22. Galetto L., Bernardello G. Rewards in flowers. Nectar. Practical Pollination Biology 2005, 261-313. Enviroquest, Cambridge, Ontario. A. Dafni, P.G. Kevan, B.C. Husband (Eds.).
23. Gardener M.C., Gillman M.P. Analyzing variability in nectar amino acids: composition is less variable than concentration. J. Chem. Ecol. 2001, 27:2545-2558.
24. Gardener M.C., Gillman M.P. The taste of nectar: a neglected area of pollination ecology. Oikos 2002, 98:552-557.
25. Gilbert F.S., Haines N., Dickson K. Empty flowers. Funct. Ecol. 1991, 5:29-39.
26. Gilbert F., Azmeh S., Barnard C., Behnke J., Collins S.A., Hurst J., Shuker D., The Behavioural Ecology Field Course Individually recognizable scent marks on flowers made by a solitary bee. Anim. Behav. 2001, 61:217-229.
27. Gilliam M., McCaughey W.F., Wintermute B. Amino acids in pollens and nectars of citrus cultivars and in bee breads and honeys from colonies of honeybees, Apis mellifera, placed in citrus groves. J. Apic. Res. 1980, 19:64-72.
28. Hansen K., Wacht S., Seebauer H., Schnuch M. New aspects of chemoreception in flies. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1998, 855:143-147.
29. Herrera C.M., Garcìa I.M., Pérez R. Invisible floral larcenies: microbial communities degrade floral nectar of bumble bee-pollinated plants. Ecology 2008, 89:2369-2376.
30. Herrera C.M., de Vega C., Canto A., Pozo M.I. Yeasts in floral nectar: a quantitative survey. Ann. Bot. 2009, 103:1415-1423.
31. Heslop-Harrison J. Pollen wall development. Science 1968, 161:230-237.
32. Heslop-Harrison J. Tapetal origin of pollen-coat substances in Lilium. New Phytol. 1968, 67:779-786.
33. Heslop-Harrison J. The pollen stigma interaction: pollen tube penetration in Crocus. Ann. Bot. 1977, 41:913-922.
34. Intoppa F., Piazza M.G., Bolchi Serini G. Elementi morfologici per una chiave dei sottogeneri di Bombus Latreille s. l. e Psithyrus Lepeletier s. l. presenti in Italia (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Boll. Zool. Agr. Bachic. (Ser II) 1997, 29:1-43.
35. Johansen D.A. Plant Microtechnique 1940, McGraw-Hill, New York.
36. Junker R.R., Blüthgen N. Floral scents repel facultative flower visitors, but attract obligate ones. Ann. Bot. 2010, 105:777-782.
37. Johnson S.D., Hargreaves A.L., Brown M. Dark, bitter-tasting nectar functions as a filter of flower visitors in a bird-pollinated plant. Ecology 2006, 87:2709-2716.
38. Liu J., Li J., Zhang Y., Ning J. Pollen morphology of the tribe Lithospermeae of Boraginoideae in China and its taxonomic significance. Plant Syst. Evol. 2010, 290:75-83.
39. Klinkhamer P.G.L., de Jong T.J. Effect of plant size, plant density and sex differential nectar reward on pollinator visitation in the protandrous Echium vulgare (Boraginaceae). Oikos 1990, 57:399-405.
40. Kraemer M., Schmitt U. Nectar production patterns and pollination of the Canarian endemic Echium wildpretii Pearson ex Hook. fil. Flora 1997, 192:217-221.
41. Klinkhamer P.G.L., de Jong T.J., Linnebank T.A. Small-scale spatial patterns determine ecological relationships: an experimental example using nectar production rates. Ecol. Lett. 2001, 4:559-567.
42. Leiss K.A., Klinkhamer P.G.L. Spatial distribution of nectar production in a natural Echium vulgare population: implications for pollinator behaviour. Basic Appl. Ecol. 2005, 6:317-324.
43. Machado I.C., Loiola M.I. Fly pollination and pollinator sharing in two synchronopatric species: Cordia multispicata (Boraginaceae) and Borreria alata (Rubiaceae). Rev. Bras. Bot. 2000, 23:305-311.
44. Maseré M. Sur l'étamine des Boraginées. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 1922, 175:987-989.
45. McMullay C.K. Pollination biology of the Galápagos endemic, Tournefortia rufo-sericea (Boraginaceae). Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 2007, 153:21-31.
46. Nepi M. Nectary structure and ultrastructure. Nectaries and Nectar 2007, 129-159. Springer, Dordrecht. S.W. Nicolson, M. Nepi, E. Pacini (Eds.).
47. Nepi M., Stpiczyńska M. The complexity of nectar: secretion and resorption dynamically regulate nectar features. Naturwissenshaften 2008, 95:177-184.
48. Nepi M., Guarnieri M., Pacini E. Nectar secretion, reabsorption and sugar composition in male and female flowers of Cucurbita pepo. Int. J. Plant Sci. 2001, 162:353-358.
49. Nicolson S.W. Nectar consumers. Nectaries and Nectar 2007, 289-342. Springer, Dordrecht. S.W. Nicolson, M. Nepi, E. Pacini (Eds.).
50. Nicolson S.W., Thornburg R.W. Nectar chemistry. Nectaries and Nectar 2007, 215-264. Springer, Dordrecht. S.W. Nicolson, M. Nepi, E. Pacini (Eds.).
51. O'Brien T.P., McCully M.E. The Study of Plant Structure: Principles and Selected Methods 1981, Termarcarphi, Melbourne.
52. Olesen J.M. Floral biology of the canarian Echium wildpretii: bird-flower or a water resource to desert bees?. Acta Bot. Neerl. 1988, 37:509-513.
53. Pacini E., Franchi G.G. The role of tapetum in pollen and spore dispersal. Plant Syst. Evol. 1993, 7:1-11.
54. Pacini E., Nepi M. Nectar production and presentation. Nectaries and Nectar 2007, 167-214. Springer, Dordrecht. S.W. Nicolson, M. Nepi, E. Pacini (Eds.).
55. Pacini E., Guarnieri M., Nepi M. Pollen carbohydrates and water content during development, presentation and dispersal: a short review. Protoplasma 2006, 228:73-77.
56. Pagliano G. Catalogo degli imenotteri italiani. IV (Apoidea: Colletidae, Andrenidae, Megachilidae, Anthophoridae, Apidae). Memorie Soc. Ent. Ital. 1994, 72:331-467.
57. Pappers S.M., de Jong T.J., Klinkhamer G.L., Meelis E. Effects of nectar content on the number of bumblebee approaches and the length of visitation sequences in Echium vulgare (Boraginaceae). Oikos 1999, 87:580-586.
58. Petanidou T. Sugars in Mediterranean floral nectars: an ecological and evolutionary approach. J. Chem. Ecol. 2005, 31:1065-1088.
59. Petanidou T., Goethals V., Smets E. Nectary structure of Labiatae in relation to their nectar secretion and characteristics in a Mediterranean shrub community - does flowering time matter?. Plant Syst. Evol. 2000, 225:103-118.
60. Polowick P.L., Sawhney V.K. Differentiation of tapetum during microsporogenesis in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), with special reference to the tapetal cell wall. Ann. Bot. 1993, 72:595-605.
61. Prŷs-Jones O.R., Corbet S.A. Bumblebees 2011, Pelagic Press, Exeter. 3rd ed.
62. Pyke G.H. What does it cost a plant to produce nectar?. Nature 1991, 350:58-59.
63. Rathcke B.J. Pollination and predation limit fruit set in a shrub, Bourreria succulents (Boraginaceae), after Hurricanes on San Salvador Island, Bahamas. Biotropica 2001, 33:330-338.
64. Ricciardelli D'Albore G., Intoppa F. Fiori e api. La flora visitata dalle api e dagli Apoidei d'Europa 2000, Calderini-Edagricole, Bologna.
65. Selvi F., Cecchi L., Coppi A. Phylogeny, karyotype evolution and taxonomy of Cerinthe L. (Boraginaceae). Taxon 2009, 58:1307-1325.
66. Stevenson P.A. Colocalisation of taurine- with transmitter-immunoreactivities in the nervous system of the migratory locust. J. Comp. Neurol. 1999, 404:86-96.
67. Teppner H. Flowers of Boraginaceae (Symphytum, Onosma, Cerinthe) and Andrena symphyti (Hymenoptera-Andrenidae): morphology, pollen portioning, vibratory pollen collection, nectar robbing. Phyton 2011, 50:145-328.
68. Torres C., Galetto L. Patterns and implications of floral nectar secretion, chemical composition, removal effects and standing crop in Mandevilla pentlandiana (Apocynaceae). Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 1998, 127:207-223.
69. Weryszko-Chmielewska E. Morphology and anatomy of floral nectary and corolla outgrowths of Myosotis sylvatica Hoffm. (Boraginaceae). Acta Biol. Cracov. Bot. 2003, 45:43-48.
70. Weryszko-Chmielewska E., Chwil M. Characteristics of floral nectary and nectar of common bugloss (Anchusa officinalis L.). J. Apicult. Sci. 2007, 51:25-30.
71. Weryszko-Chmielewska E., Chwil M. Micromorphology of glandular structures in Echium vulgare L. flowers. Acta Agrobot. 2008, 61:25-34.
72. Westphal C., et al. Measuring bee diversity in different European habitats and biogegrophical regions. Ecol. Monogr. 2008, 78:653-671.
73. Whitton P.S., Strang R.H.C., Nicholson R.A. The distribution of taurine in the tissues of some species of insects. Insect Biochem. 1987, 17:573-577.
74. Zhang H., Croes A., Linskens H. Protein synthesis in germinating pollen of petunia: role of proline. Planta 1982, 154:199-203.
75. Zoller H., Lenzin H., Erhardt A. Pollination and breeding system of Eritrichium nanum (Boraginaceae). Plant Syst. Evol. 2002, 233:1-14.