The application of epidemiology in aquatic animal health -opportunities and challenges

Veterinary Research

Volumn 42, Issue 1, 2011, Pages

  Peeler, Edmund J ^a   Taylor, Nicholas Gh ^a  

^a CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENT   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; SALMO SALAR; SALMONIDAE;

ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; AQUACULTURE; COMMUNICABLE DISEASE; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIOLOGICAL MONITORING; FISH; FISH DISEASE; MICROBIOLOGY; PARASITOLOGY; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SHELLFISH; VIROLOGY;

ANIMALS; AQUACULTURE; COMMUNICABLE DISEASES, EMERGING; EPIDEMIOLOGICAL MONITORING; FISH DISEASES; FISHES; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS; SHELLFISH;

EID: 84858142560     PISSN: 09284249     EISSN: 12979716     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-42-94     Document Type: Review

References (152)

1. Epidemiology. Dohoo IR, Morris RS, Martin SW, Perry BD, Bernardo T, Erb H, Thrusfleld M, Smith R, Welte VR, Nature 1994 368 284 8127358
2. The current epidemiological revolution in veterinary medicine. Part 1. Schwabe C, Prev Vet Med 1982 1 5 15 10.1016/0167-5877(82)90003-4
3. Thrusfield M, Veterinary Epidemiology Blackwell Science Ltd 3 2005
4. MacHohan B, Pugh TF, Epidemiology: Principles and Methods Boston: Little Brown 1970
5. Martin SW, Meek AH, Willeberg P, Veterinary Epidemiology-principles and methods Iowa: Iowa Statue University Press/Ames 1 1987
6. High abundance of viruses found in aquatic environments. Bergh O, Borsheim KY, Bratbak G, Heldal M, Nature 1989 340 467 468 10.1038/340467a0 2755508
7. Marine viruses [mdash] major players in the global ecosystem. Suttle CA, Nat Rev Micro 2007 5 801 812 10.1038/nrmicro1750 (Pubitemid 47423768)
8. Aquatic systems: maintaining, mixing and mobilising antimicrobial resistance? Taylor NGH, Verner-Jeffreys DW, Baker-Austin C, Trends Ecol Evol 2011 26 278 284 10.1016/j.tree.2011.03.004 21458879
9. State of the World Fisheries and Aquaculture. F.A.O, Book State of the World Fisheries and Aquaculture City: Food and Agriculture Organisation Fisheries and Aquaculture Department 2008 196
10. Epidemiological approach to aquatic animal health management: opportunities and challenges for developing countries to increase aquatic production through aquaculture. Subasinghe RP, Prev Vet Med 2005 67 117 124 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2004.11.004 15737426 (Pubitemid 40281380)
11. Introduction of non-native freshwater fish: is it all bad? Gozlan RE, Fish Fish 2008 9 106 115 (Pubitemid 351230196)
12. A framework for understanding the potential for emerging diseases in aquaculture. Murray AG, Peeler EJ, Prev Vet Med 2005 67 223 235 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2004.10.012 15737433 (Pubitemid 40281387)
13. Old economics for new problems-livestock disease: presidential address. McInerney J, J Agric Econ 1996 47 295 314 10.1111/j.1477-9552.1996.tb00695.x (Pubitemid 126644240)
14. An epizootic and its decline of a blood fluke, Cardicola forsteri, in farmed southern bluefin tuna, Thunnus maccoyii. Aiken HM, Hayward CJ, Nowak BF, Aquaculture 2006 254 40 45 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.10.013
15. A parasite survey of farmed Southern bluefin tuna, Thunnus maccoyii (Castelnau). Deveney MR, Bayly TJ, Johnston CJ, Nowak BF, J Fish Dis 2005 28 279 284 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2005.00629.x 15892753 (Pubitemid 40764108)
16. Parasitic diseases in marine cage culture-An example of experimental evolution of parasites? Nowak BF, Int J Parasitol 2007 37 581 588 10.1016/j.ijpara.2007.01.003 17316650 (Pubitemid 46440946)
17. Epizootic mortality in the pilchard Sardinops sagax neopilchardus in Australia and New Zealand in 1995. 1. Pathology and epizootiology. Whittington RJ, Jones JB, Hine PM, Hyatt AD, Dis Aquat Organ 1997 28 1 16
18. Ornamental fish. http://www.ornamentalfish.org/aquanautmarket/ petfishstats.php
19. Global trade in ornamental fish from an Australian perspective: the case for revised import risk analysis and management strategies. Whittington RJ, Chong R, Prev Vet Med 2007 81 92 116 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2007.04.007 17485126 (Pubitemid 47002028)
20. Exploring reservoir dynamics: a case study of rabies in the Serengeti ecosystem. Lembo T, Hampson K, Haydon DT, Craft M, Dobson A, Dushoff J, Ernest E, Hoare R, Kaare M, Mlengeya T, Mentzel C, Cleaveland S, J Appl Ecol 2008 45 1246 1257 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01468.x (Pubitemid 351951818)
21. Movements of pathogens with the international trade of live fish: problems and solutions. Hedrick RP, Rev Sci Tech 1996 15 523 531 8890378 (Pubitemid 126329023)
22. Non-native aquatic animals introductions have driven disease emergence in Europe. Peeler EJ, Oidtmann BC, Midtlyng PM, Miossec L, Gozlan RE, Biol Invasions
23. Assessing the impact of climate change on disease emergence in freshwater fish in the United Kingdom. Marcos-Lápez M, Gale P, Oidtmann BC, Peeler EJ, Transbound Emerg Dis 2010 57 293 304 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2010.01150.x 20561287
24. Koi herpesvirus: distribution and prospects for control in England and Wales. Taylor NGH, Dixon PF, Jeffery KR, Peeler EJ, Denham KL, Way K, J Fish Dis 2010 33 221 230 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01111.x 19878413
25. Experimental ostreid herpesvirus 1 infection of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas: Kinetics of virus DNA detection by q-PCR in seawater and in oyster samples. Schikorski D, Faury N, Pepin JF, Saulnier D, Tourbiez D, Renault T, Virus Res 2011 155 28 34 10.1016/j.virusres.2010.07.031 20709119
26. The demography of introduction pathways, propagule pressure and non-native freshwater fishes occurrence in England. Copp G, Villizi L, Gozlan R, Aquatic Conserv: Mar Freshw Ecosyst 2010 20 595 601 10.1002/aqc.1129
27. Propagule pressure and the invasion risks of non-native freshwater fishes: a case study in England. Copp GH, Templeton M, Gozlan RE, J Fish Biol 2007 71 148 159 (Pubitemid 350264737)
28. An overview of current fish disease research; Hyper-reality in a post-modern world? Smith P, Bull Eur Assoc Fish Pathol 1999 19 310 312 (Pubitemid 129623429)
29. Factors influencing seasonal vibriosis mortality rates in Swedish pen reared rainbow trout. Thorburn MA, Aquaculture 1987 67 79 85 10.1016/0044-8486(87)90010-X
30. Infectious salmon anaemia in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Thorud K, Djupvik H, Bull Eur Assoc Fish Pathol 1988 8 109 111
31. Risk factors for furunculosis, infectious pancreatic necrosis and mortality in post-smolt Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Jarp J, Gjevre AG, Olsen AB, Bruheim T, J Fish Dis 1994 18 67 78
32. Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) risk factors in sea-cultured Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. Jarp J, Karlsen E, Dis Aquat Organ 1997 28 79 86 (Pubitemid 27133900)
33. Risk factors for infection with Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida in Norwegian freshwater hatcheries. Jarp J, Tangen K, Willumsen FV, Dyupvik HO, Tveit AM, Dis Aquat Organ 1993 17 81 86 (Pubitemid 2008811)
34. The Gyrodactylus story in Norway. Johnsen BO, Jensen AJ, Aquaculture 1991 98 289 302 10.1016/0044-8486(91)90393-L
35. Declining wild salmon populations in relation to parasites from farm salmon. Krkosek M, Ford JS, Morton A, Lele S, Myers RA, Lewis MA, Science 2007 318 1772 1775 10.1126/science.1148744 18079401 (Pubitemid 350274386)
36. Viral disease emergence in shrimp aquaculture: origins, impacts and the effectiveness of health management strategies. Walker PJ, Mohan CV, Rev Aquac 2009 1 125 154 10.1111/j.1753-5131.2009.01007.x
37. Emergence of cold water strawberry disease of rainbow trout Oncorynchus mykiss in England and Wales: Outbreak investigations and transmission studies. Verner-Jeffreys DW, Pond MJ, Peeler EJ, Rimmer GSE, Oidtmann B, Way K, Mewett J, Jeffrey K, Bateman K, Reese RA, Feist SW, Dis Aquat Organ 2008 79 207 218 18589997 (Pubitemid 351806261)
38. Detection and description of a particular Ostreid herpesvirus 1 genotype associated with massive mortality outbreaks of Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, in France in 2008. Segarra A, Pépin JF, Arzul I, Morga B, Faury N, Renault T, Virus Res 2010 153 92 99 10.1016/j.virusres.2010.07.011 20638433
39. The emergence of koi herpesvirus and its significance to European aquaculture. Haenen OLM, Way K, Bergmann SM, Ariel E, Bull Eur Ass Fish Pathol 2004 24 293 307 (Pubitemid 40078068)
40. Experimental evidence that the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) is a potential carrier of chytridiomycosis, an emerging fungal disease of amphibians. Daszak P, Strieby A, Cunningham AA, Longcore JE, Brown CC, Porter D, Herpetolog J 2004 14 201 207 (Pubitemid 39645550)
41. The application of risk analysis in aquatic animal health management. Peeler EJ, Murray AG, Thebault A, Brun E, Giovaninni A, Thrush MA, Prev Vet Med 2007 81 3 20 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2007.04.012 17544160 (Pubitemid 47018240)
42. Section 2.2. Risk analysis. O.I.E, Aquatic Animal Health Code Paris: World Animal Health Organisation 10 2009 1
43. Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures. WTO, Book Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures City: World Trade Organisation 1995 21
44. Import Risk Analysis on Non-viable Salmonids and Non-salmonids Marine Finfish. Kahn SA, Beers PT, Findlay VL, Peebles IR, Durham PJ, Wilson DW, Gerrity SE, Book Import Risk Analysis on Non-viable Salmonids and Non-salmonids Marine Finfish City: Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service 1999 409
45. Disease-translocation across geographic boundaries must be recognized as a risk even in the absence of disease identification: the case with Australian Sardinops. Gaughan DJ, Rev Fish Biol Fish 2002 11 113 123 (Pubitemid 34674509)
46. A qualitative assessment tool for the potential of infectious disease emergence and spread. Bridges VE, Akkina J, Grannis J, Johnson C, Johnson R, Tuszynski C, Prev Vet Med 2007 81 80 91 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2007.04.008 17498827 (Pubitemid 47002029)
47. Population biology of emerging and re-emerging pathogens. Woolhouse MEJ, Trends Microbiol 2002 10 3 7 10.1016/S0966-842X(02)02428-9
48. Where do emerging pathogens come from? Woolhouse MEJ, Microbe 2006 1 511 515 (Pubitemid 44916878)
49. Epidemiology: emerging diseases go global. Woolhouse MEJ, Nature 2008 451 898 899 10.1038/451898a 18288175 (Pubitemid 351301721)
50. Does multiple infection select for virulence? Brown SP, Hochberg ME, Grenfell BT, Trends Microbiol 2002 10 401 405 10.1016/S0966-842X(02)02413-7 12217504 (Pubitemid 35246266)
51. Trade-offs in the evolution of virulence in an indirectly transmitted macroparasite. Davies CM, Webster JP, Woolhouse MEJ, Proc Biol Sci 2001 268 251 257 10.1098/rspb.2000.1367 11217894 (Pubitemid 32154503)
52. Models of parasite virulence. Frank SA, Q Rev Biol 1996 71 37 78 10.1086/419267 8919665
53. Identifying reservoirs of infection: A conceptual and practical challenge. Haydon DT, Cleaveland S, Taylor LH, Laurenson MK, Emerg Infect Dis 2002 8 1468 1473 12498665 (Pubitemid 36008786)
54. Host range and emerging and reemerging pathogens. Woolhouse MEJ, Gowtage-Sequeria S, Emerg Infect Dis 2005 11 1842 1847 10.3201/eid1112.050997 16485468 (Pubitemid 43356078)
55. Emerging pathogens: the epidemiology and evolution of species jumps. Woolhouse MEJ, Haydon DT, Antia R, Trends Ecol Evol 2005 20 238 244 10.1016/j.tree.2005.02.009 16701375 (Pubitemid 40588908)
56. Population biology of multihost pathogens. Woolhouse MEJ, Taylor LH, Haydon DT, Science 2001 292 1109 1112 10.1126/science.1059026 11352066 (Pubitemid 32440923)
57. Risk factors for human disease emergence. Taylor LH, Latham SM, Woolhouse MEJ, Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2001 356 983 989 10.1098/rstb.2001.0888 11516376 (Pubitemid 32696243)
58. Ecological origins of novel human pathogens. Woolhouse M, Gaunt E, Crit Rev Microbiol 2007 33 231 242 10.1080/10408410701647560 18033594 (Pubitemid 350146703)
59. World distribution of rainbow trout (Salmon gairdneri). Maccrimmon HR, J Fish Res Board Can 1971 28 663 704 10.1139/f71-098
60. Disease interactions between wild and cultured fish: observation and lessons learned in the Pacific Northwest. Amos K, Thomas J, Bull Eur Ass Fish Pathol 2002 22 95 102 (Pubitemid 135707338)
61. What is normative for fish pathogens? A perspective on the controversy over interactions between wild and cultured fish. Coutant CC, J Aquat Anim Health 1998 10 101 106 10.1577/1548-8667(1998)010<0101:WINFFP>2.0.CO;2 (Pubitemid 28300960)
62. Intensive Farming: Evolutionary Implications for Parasites and Pathogens. Mennerat A, Nilsen F, Ebert D, Skorping A, Evol Biol 2010 37 59 67 10.1007/s11692-010-9089-0 21151485
63. Studying the global distribution of infectious diseases using GIS and RS. Rogers DJ, Randolph SE, Nat Rev Microbiol 2003 1 231 237 10.1038/nrmicro776 15035027
64. Infectious hematopoietic necrosis: first detection in Italy. Bovo G, Giorgetti G, Jørgensen PEV, Olesen NJ, Bull Eur Ass Fish Pathol 1987 7 124
65. Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus: monophyletic origin of European IHNV isolates from North-American genogroup M. Enzmann PJ, Kurath G, Fichtner D, Bergmann SM, Dis Aquat Organ 2005 66 187:195 16261933
66. Distant strains of the fish rhabdovirus VHSV maintain a sixth functional cistron which codes for a nonstructural protein of unknown function. Basurco B, Benmansour A, Virology 1995 212 741 745 10.1006/viro.1995.1534 7571446
67. Genetic diversity and phylogenetic classification of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). Basurco B, Vende P, Monnier AF, Winton JR, de Kinkelin P, Benmansour A, Vet Res 1995 26 460 463 8581023
68. Genetic analysis of infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) from Scotland. Cunningham CO, Snow M, Dis Aquat Organ 2000 41 1 8 10907133 (Pubitemid 30390913)
69. Growth of infectious salmon anaemia virus in CHSE-214 cells and evidence for phenotypic differences between virus strains. Kibenge FSB, Lyaku JR, Rainnie D, Hammell KL, J Gen Virol 2000 81 143 150 10640552 (Pubitemid 30047916)
70. Infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) isolated from the ISA disease outbreaks in Chile diverged from ISAV isolates from Norway around 1996 and was disseminated around 2005, based on surface glycoprotein gene sequences. Kibenge FS, Godoy MG, Wang Y, Kibenge MJ, Gherardelli V, Mansilla S, Lisperger A, Jarpa M, Larroquete G, Avendão F, Lara M, Gallardo A, Virol J 2009 6 88 10.1186/1743-422X-6-88 19558648
71. First detection, isolation and molecular characterization of infectious salmon anaemia virus associated with clinical disease in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Chile. Godoy MG, Aedo A, Kibenge MJT, Groman DB, Yason CV, Grothusen H, Lisperguer A, Calbucura M, Avendão F, Imilán M, Jarpa M, Kibenge FS, BMC Vet Res 2008 4 28 10.1186/1746-6148-4-28 18680586
72. Integrating genetic and epidemiological data to determine transmission pathways of foot-and-mouth disease virus. Cottam EM, Thébaud G, Wadsworth J, Gloster J, Mansley L, Paton DJ, King DP, Haydon DT, Proc Biol Sci 2008 275 887 895 10.1098/rspb.2007.1442 18230598 (Pubitemid 351323649)
73. Salman MD, Animal disease surveillance and survey systems-methods and applications Iowa: Iowa State Press 1 2003
74. Survey toolbox for aquatic animal diseases. A practical Manual and Software Package. Cameron A, Book Survey toolbox for aquatic animal diseases. A practical Manual and Software Package City: ACIAR 2002 375
75. Survey for the presence of White Spot Syndrome virus in Australian crustaceans. East IJ, Black PF, McColl KA, Hodgson RAJ, Bernoth EM, Aust Vet J 2004 82 236 240 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2004.tb12688.x 15149077 (Pubitemid 44769024)
76. Gyrodactylids on salmonids from Danish streams. Lindenstroem T, Nielsen B, Buchmann K, Systematics and Phylogeny of Platyhelminthes; St Petesburg, Russia 1999 62 64 21776891
77. Occurrence of Gyrodactylus parasites in Danish fish farms. Nielsen CV, Buchmann K, Bull Eur Assoc Fish Pathol 2001 21 19 25 (Pubitemid 33677083)
78. Geographic distribution of Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae infected fish in Swiss rivers: an update. Wahli T, Bernet D, Steiner PA, Schmidt-Posthaus H, Aquat Sci 2007 69 3 10 10.1007/s00027-006-0843-4 (Pubitemid 46434805)
79. Proliferative kidney disease in Switzerland: current state of knowledge. Wahli T, Knuesel R, Bernet D, Segner H, Pugovkin D, Burkhardt-Holm P, Escher M, Schmidt-Posthaus H, J Fish Dis 2002 25 491 500 10.1046/j.1365-2761.2002.00401.x
80. Proliferative kidney disease and renal myxosporidiosis in juvenile salmonids from rivers in England and Wales. Feist SW, Peeler EJ, Gardiner R, Smith E, Longshaw M, J Fish Dis 2002 25 451 458 10.1046/j.1365-2761.2002.00361.x
81. An assessment of the variation in the prevalence of renal myxosporidiosis and hepatitis in wild brown trout, Salmo trutta L., within and between rivers in South-West England. Peeler EJ, Feist SW, Longshaw M, Thrush MA, St-Hilaire S, J Fish Dis 2008 31 719 728 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2008.00942.x 18681903
82. A survey of the prevalence and distribution of proliferative kidney disease (PKD) in England and Wales. Seagrave CP, Bucke D, Hudson EB, McGregor D, J Fish Dis 1981 4 437 439 10.1111/j.1365-2761.1981.tb01155.x
83. An investigation into the prevalence of Renibacterium salmoninarum in farmed rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) and wild fish populatins in selected river catchments in England and Wales between 1998 and 2000. Chambers E, Gardiner R, Peeler EJ, J Fish Dis 2008 31 89 96 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2007.00868.x 18234016 (Pubitemid 351143660)
84. Epizootiology of Renibacterium salmoninarum, the causal agent of bacterial kidney disease in salmonid fish. Austin B, Rayment JN, J Fish Dis 1985 8 505 509 10.1111/j.1365-2761.1985.tb00965.x
85. Infectious salmon anemia (ISA) in the United Kingdom. Rodger HD, Turnbull T, Muir F, Millar S, Richards RH, Bull Eur Assoc Fish Pathol 1998 18 115 116 (Pubitemid 128539936)
86. Infectious salmon anaemia virus in wild fish from Scotland. Raynard RS, Murray AG, Gregory A, Dis Aquat Organ 2001 46 93 100 11678233 (Pubitemid 32948803)
87. Current value of historical and ongoing surveillance for disease freedom: Surveillance for bovine Johne's disease in Western Australia. Martin PAJ, Prev Vet Med 2008 84 291 309 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2007.12.002 18243373
88. Demonstrating freedom from disease using multiple complex data sources. 2: Case study-Classical swine fever in Denmark. Martin PAJ, Cameron AR, Barfod K, Sergeant ESG, Greiner M, Prev Vet Med 2007 79 98 115 10.1016/j.prevetmed. 2006.09.007 17239459 (Pubitemid 46341453)
89. A generalised scan statistic test for the detection of clusters. Weinstock MA, Int J Epidemiol 1981 10 289 293 10.1093/ije/10.3.289 7287289
90. Distance to nearest neighbor as a measure of special relationship in populations. Clark PJ, Evans FC, Ecology 1954 159 163
91. Methods to investigate spatial and temporal clustering in veterinary epidemiology. Carpenter TE, Prev Vet Med 2001 48 303 320 10.1016/S0167-5877(00) 00199-9 11259822 (Pubitemid 32247608)
92. Techniques for analysis of disease clustering in space and in time in veterinary epidemiology. Ward MP, Carpenter TE, Prev Vet Med 2000 45 257 284 10.1016/S0167-5877(00)00133-1 10821965 (Pubitemid 30334319)
93. A comparison of epidemiological patterns of salmon lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, infections on farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in Norway and Scotland. Heuch PA, Revie CW, Gettinby G, J Fish Dis 2003 26 539 551 10.1046/j.1365-2761.2003.00490.x 14575372 (Pubitemid 37261412)
94. Clustering of parasites within cages on Scottish and Norwegian salmon farms: Alternative sampling strategies illustrated using simulation. Revie CW, Hollinger E, Gettinby G, Lees F, Heuch PA, Prev Vet Med 2007 81 135 147 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2007.04.004 17532070 (Pubitemid 47002027)
95. Changes in epidemiological patterns of sea lice infestation on farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in Scotland between 1996 and 2006. Lees F, Gettinby G, Revie CW, J Fish Dis 2008 31 259 268 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2007.00897. x 18353017 (Pubitemid 351421770)
96. The influence of parasitism on fish population success. Longshaw M, Frear PA, Nunn AD, Cowx IG, Feist SW, Fish Manag Ecol 2010 17 426 434 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2010.00741.x
97. Sample size determination for estimation of the accuracy of two conditionally independent tests in the absence of a gold standard. Georgiadis MP, Johnson WO, Gardner IA, Prev Vet Med 2005 71 1 10 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2005. 04.004 16076507 (Pubitemid 41207097)
98. Correlation-adjusted estimation of sensitivity and specificity of two diagnostic tests. Georgiadis MP, Johnson WO, Gardner IA, Singh R, Appl Stat 2003 52 63 76 10.1111/1467-9876.00389 (Pubitemid 37155357)
99. Using pseudogold standards and latent-class analysis in combination to evaluate the accuracy of three diagnostic tests. Nérette P, Stryhn H, Dohoo I, Hammell L, Prev Vet Med 2008 85 207 225 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2008.01.011 18355935
100. Estimation of specificity and sensitivity of three diagnostic tests for infectious salmon anaemia virus in the absence of a gold standard. Nérette P, Dohoo I, Hammell L, J Fish Dis 2005 28 89 99 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2005.00612.x 15705154 (Pubitemid 40335993)
101. O.I.E, Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals Paris: Office International des Epizooties 5 2009
102. Estimation of fish and wildlife disease prevalence from imperfect diagnostic tests on pooled samples with varying pool sizes. Williams CJ, Moffitt CM, Ecol Inform 2010 5 273 280 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2010.04.003
103. Modelling vaccination strategies against foot-and-mouth disease. Keeling MJ, Woolhouse MEJ, May RM, Davies G, Grenfell BT, Nature 2003 421 136 142 10.1038/nature01343 12508120 (Pubitemid 36090974)
104. Use of social network analysis to characterize the pattern of animal movements in the initial phases of the 2001 foot and mouth disease (FMD) epidemic in the UK. Ortiz-Pelaez A, Pfeiffer DU, Soares-Magalhaes RJ, Guitian FJ, Prev Vet Med 2006 76 40 55 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2006.04.007 16769142 (Pubitemid 44148837)
105. Space-time interaction as an indicator of local spread during the 2001 FMD outbreak in the UK. Picado A, Guitian FJ, Pfeiffer DU, Prev Vet Med 2007 79 3 19 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2006.11.009 17175049
106. A Monte Carlo simulation model for assessing the risk of introduction of Gyrodactylus salaris to the Tana river, Norway. Paisley LG, Karlsen E, Jarp J, Mo TA, Dis Aquat Organ 1999 37 145 152 10494504 (Pubitemid 29413872)
107. Risk of inter-river transmission of Gyrodactylus salaris by migrating Atlantic salmon smolts, estimated by Monte Carlo simulation. Høgåsen HR, Brun E, Dis Aquat Organ 2003 57 247 254 14960038 (Pubitemid 38921301)
108. Qualitative risk assessment of routes of transmission of the exotic fish parasite Gyrodactylus salaris between river catchments in England and Wales. Peeler EJ, Gardiner R, Thrush MA, Prev Vet Med 2004 64 175 189 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2004.05.005 15325771 (Pubitemid 39123676)
109. Population biology of infectious diseases: Part 1. Anderson RM, May RM, Nature 1979 280 361 367 10.1038/280361a0 460412 (Pubitemid 9233606)
110. A model of the emergence of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in Scottish salmon farms 1996-2003. Murray AG, Ecol Modell 2006 199 64 72 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.06.010 (Pubitemid 44441660)
111. Modelling the spread of Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) in the Irish salmon farming industry: the role of inputs. Ruane NM, Murray AG, Geoghegan F, Raynard RS, Ecol Modell 2009 220 1369 1374 10.1016/j.ecolmodel. 2009.02.016
112. Modelling the koi herpesvirus (KHV) epidemic highlights the importance of active surveillance within a national control policy. Taylor NGH, Norman RA, Way K, Peeler EJ, J Appl Ecol 2011 48 348 355 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01926.x
113. Stochastic simulation of live salmonid movement in England and Wales to predict potential spread of exotic pathogens. Thrush M, Peeler E, Dis Aquat Organ 2006 72 115 123 17140134 (Pubitemid 44799855)
114. A strategic model for epidemic control in aquaculture. Green DM, Prev Vet Med 2010 94 119 127 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2009.12.004 20106539
115. Small- and large-scale network structure of live fish movements in Scotland. Green DM, Gregory A, Munro LA, Prev Vet Med 2009 91 261 269 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2009.05.031 19625093
116. Pair-level approximations to the spatio-temporal dynamics of epidemics on asymmetric contact networks. Sharkey KJ, Fernandez C, Morgan KL, Peeler E, Thrush M, Turnbull JF, Bowers RG, J Math Biol 2006 53 61 85 10.1007/s00285-006- 0377-3 16791650 (Pubitemid 43952703)
117. Modelling dispersal of salmon lice in Loch Torridon, Scotland. Murray AG, Gillibrand PA, Mar Pollut Bull 2006 53 128 135 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.09.013 16246378
118. Models of hydrodynamic pathogen dispersal affecting Scottish salmon production: modelling shows how Scotland eradicated ISA, but not IPN. Murray AG, Amundrud TL, Gillibrand PA, Bull Aquacult Assoc Can 2005 105 79 86
119. Integration of hydrodynamics into a statistical model on the spread of pancreas disease (PD) in salmon farming. Viljugrein H, Staalstrøm A, Molvær J, Urke H, Jansen P, Dis Aquat Organ 2009 88 35 44 20183963
120. Models of hydrodynamic pathogen dispersal affecting Scottish salmon production: modelling shows how Scotland eradicated ISA, but not IPN. Murray AG, Amundrud TL, Gillibrand PA, Bull Aquacult Assoc Can 2005 105 80 87
121. Dynamics of the 2001 foot and mouth epidemic: stochastic dispersal and a hetergenous landscape. Keeling MJ, Woolhouse MEJ, Shaw DJ, Mattthews L, Chase-Topping M, Haydon DT, Cornell SJ, Kappey J, Wilesmith JW, Grenfell BT, Science 2001 294 812 817 10.1126/science.1064627 11679660 (Pubitemid 33032091)
122. Geographic risk factors for inter-river dispersal of Gyrodactylus salaris in fjord-systems in Norway. Jansen PA, Matthews L, Toft N, Dis Aquat Organ 2007 74 139 149 17432043 (Pubitemid 46447410)
123. Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) epidemiology in Norway. Vågsholm I, Djupvik HO, Willumsen FV, Tveit AM, Tangen K, Prev Vet Med 1994 19 277 290 10.1016/0167-5877(94)90095-7
124. Shipping and the spread of infectious salmon anemia in Scottish aquaculture. Murray AG, Smith RJ, Stagg RM, Emerg Infect Dis 2002 8 1 5 10.3201/eid0801.010144 11749740 (Pubitemid 34094273)
125. Risk factors for outbreaks of infectious salmon anemia in farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. McClure CA, Hammell KL, Dohoo IR, Prev Vet Med 2005 72 263 280 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2005.07.010 16188335 (Pubitemid 41628014)
126. The role of live fish movements in spreading koi herpesvirus throughout England and Wales. Taylor NGH, Way K, Jeffery KR, Peeler EJ, J Fish Dis 2010 33 1005 1007 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2010.01198.x 21155075
127. Identifying epidemiological factors affecting sea lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis abundance on Scottish salmon farms using general linear models. Revie CW, Gettinby G, Treasurer JW, Wallace C, Dis Aquat Organ 2003 57 85 89 14735925
128. Risk factors associated with white spot syndrome virus infection in a Vietnamese rice-shrimp farming system. Corsin F, Turnbull JF, Hao NV, Mohan CV, Phi TT, Phuoc LH, Tinh NTN, Morgan KL, Dis Aquat Organ 2001 47 1 12 11797910 (Pubitemid 33119095)
129. Fin erosion on rainbow trout on commercial trout farms in the United Kingdom. St-Hilaire S, Ellis T, Cooke A, North BP, Turnbull JF, Knowles T, Kestin S, Vet Rec 2006 159 446 451 10.1136/vr.159.14.446 17012609 (Pubitemid 44540986)
130. An epidemiological study of cataracts in seawater farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. Ersdal C, Midtlyng PJ, Jarp J, Dis Aquat Organ 2001 45 229 236 11558732 (Pubitemid 32818158)
131. Risk factors for skin lesions in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Vaagsholm I, Djupvik HO, J Fish Dis 1998 21 449 453 10.1046/j.1365-2761.1998. 00123.x (Pubitemid 28548241)
132. The application of risk and disease modelling to emerging freshwater diseases in wild aquatic animals. Thrush MA, Murray AG, Brun E, Wallace S, Peeler EJ, Freshwat Biol 2011 56 658 675 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2010.02549.x
133. The epidemiology of Argulus spp. (Crustacea: Branchiura) infections in stillwater trout fisheries. Taylor NGH, Sommerville C, Wootten R, J Fish Dis 2006 29 193 200 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2006.00704.x 16635059 (Pubitemid 43279230)
134. Variables associated with the use of chemotherapeutic agents on trout farms in Ontario, Canada. Thorburn MA, Prev Vet Med 1995 24 1 14 10.1016/0167-5877(95)00472-9
135. Risk factors for abdominal adhesions in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Vågsholm I, Djupvik HO, J Fish Dis 1999 22 53 58 10.1046/j.1365-2761.1999. 00137.x (Pubitemid 29042935)
136. Risk factors for spinal deformities in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Vågsholm I, Djupvik HO, J Fish Dis 1998 21 47 53 10.1046/j.1365-2761.1998. 00069.x (Pubitemid 28076969)
137. Site management factors influencing mortality rates in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) during marine production. Wheatley SB, McLoughlin MF, Menzies FD, Goodall EA, Aquaculture 1995 136 195 207 10.1016/0044-8486(95)01058-0 (Pubitemid 3013718)
138. Stochastic modelling of direct costs of pancreas disease (PD) in Norwegian farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Aunsmo A, Valle PS, Sandberg M, Midtlyng PJ, Bruheim T, Prev Vet Med 2010 93 233 241 10.1016/j.prevetmed. 2009.10.001 19931201
139. Temporal, environmental and management factors influencing the epidemiological patterns of sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infestations on farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Scotland. Revie CW, Gettinby G, Treasurer JW, Rae GH, Clark N, Pest Manag Sci 2002 58 576 584 10.1002/ps.476 12138624 (Pubitemid 34602302)
140. The epidemiology of the sea lice, Caligus elongatus Nordmann, in marine aquaculture of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. in Scotland. Revie CW, Gettinby G, Treasurer JW, Rae GH, J Fish Dis 2002 25 391 400 10.1046/j.1365-2761.2002. 00388.x (Pubitemid 34869587)
141. Spatial and temporal variations in sea lice (Copeda: Caligidae) infestations of three salmonid species farmed in net pens in southern Chile. Zagmutt-Vergara FJ, Carpenter TE, Farver TB, Hedrick RP, Dis Aquat Organ 2005 64 163 173 15918480 (Pubitemid 40689700)
142. Time-series models of sea lice Caligus elongatus (Nordmann) abundance on Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. in Loch Sunart, Scotland. McKenzie E, Gettinby G, McCart K, Revie CW, Aquacult Res 2004 35 764 772 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2004. 01099.x (Pubitemid 38893711)
143. A single cohort time delay model of the life-cycle of the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis on Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. Tucker CS, Norman R, Shinn AP, Bron JE, Sommerville C, Wooten R, Fish Pathol 2002 37 107 118 10.3147/jsfp.37.107 (Pubitemid 35294857)
144. Sea lice on salmonids: their biology and control. Pike AW, Wadsworth SL, Adv Parasitol 2000 44 231 337
145. Infestations of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, by Gyrodactylus salaris in Norwegian rivers. Johnsen BO, Jensen AJ, J Fish Biol 1986 29 233 241 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1986.tb04941.x
146. The influence of risk factors on the abundance, egg laying habits and impact of Argulus foliaceus in stillwater trout fisheries. Taylor NGH, Wootten R, Sommerville C, J Fish Dis 2009 32 509 519 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01007.x 19460088
147. Distribution and pathogenicity of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in boreal toads from the Grand Teton area of western Wyoming. Murphy PJ, St-Hilaire S, Bruer S, Corn PS, Peterson CR, Ecohealth 2009 6 109 120 10.1007/s10393-009- 0230-4 19418097
148. Modelling the impact of disease-induced mortality in an exploited population of the fungal parasite Icthyophonus hoferi in the North Sea herring (Clupea harengus). Patterson KR, Can J Fish Aquat Sci 1996 53 2870 2877
149. Assessing the decline of brown trout (Salmo trutta) in Swiss rivers using a Bayesian probability network. Borsuk ME, Reichert P, Peter A, Schager E, Burkhardt-Holm P, Ecol Model 2006 192 224 244 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.07.006 (Pubitemid 43168175)
150. The numerical and programming methods used to implement models of the spread and impact of a major epidemic disease: pilchard herpesvirus, Australia 1995 and 1998/1999. Murray AG, O'Callaghan M, Environ Model Software 2005 20 575 585 10.1016/j.envsoft.2004.03.011 (Pubitemid 39588405)
151. The three-spined stickleback-Schistocephalus solidus system: an experimental model for investigating host-parasite interactions in fish. Barber I, Scharsack JP, Parasitology 2010 137 411 424 10.1017/S0031182009991466 19835650
152. The role of epidemiology in the prevention, diagnosis and control of infectious disease of fish. Georgiadis MP, Gardner IA, Hedrick RP, Prev Vet Med 2001 48 287 302 10.1016/S0167-5877(00)00202-6 11259821 (Pubitemid 32247607)