Combustion of energetic materials controlled by condensed-phase reactions

Combustion, Explosion and Shock Waves

Volumn 48, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 81-99

  Sinditskii, V P ^a   Egorshev, V Yu ^a   Serushkin, V V ^a   Filatov, S A ^a  

^a MENDELEEV UNIVERSITY OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY OF RUSSIA   (Russian Federation)

Author keywords

ammonium dinitramide (ADN); ammonium nitrate (AN); ammonium perchlorate (AP); burning rate controlling reaction; combustion model; hydrazinium nitroformate (HNF); the c phase combustion model

Indexed keywords

AMMONIUM DINITRAMIDE; AMMONIUM NITRATE; AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE (AP); BURNING-RATE CONTROLLING REACTION; COMBUSTION MODEL; HYDRAZINIUM NITROFORMATE; THE C-PHASE COMBUSTION MODEL;

AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS; SALTS; THERMOCOUPLES;

COMBUSTION;

EID: 84858019191     PISSN: 00105082     EISSN: 15738345     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1134/S001050821201011X     Document Type: Article

References (101)

1. A. F. Belyaev 1938 Combustion of Explosives Zh. Fiz. Khim. 12 93 99
2. Ya. B. Zel'dovich 1942 Theory of combustion of propellants and explosives Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 12 11-12 498 524
3. A. F. Belyaev A. E. Belyaeva 1946 Combustion of mercury fulminate Zh. Fiz. Khim. 20 7 15
4. P. F. Pokhil, "On the Combustion Mechanism of Smokeless Powders," in Physics of Explosion, Issue 2 (Uzd. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Moscow, 1953).
5. A. F. Belyaev 1959 Relationship between the Rate of Flameless Combustion of Smokeless Powder and Its Kinetic Constants Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 129 3 635 637
6. A. G. Merzhanov 1969 The Theory of Stable Homogeneous Combustion of Condensed Substances Combust. Flame 13 2 143 156 10.1016/0010-2180(69)90045-5
7. B. V. Novozhilov 1961 Propagation Velocity of an Exothermic Reaction Front in the Condensed Phase Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 141 1 151 153
8. B. I. Khaikin A. G. Merzhanov 1966 Theory of Thermal Propagation of a Chemical Reaction Front Fiz. Golreniya Vzryva 2 3 22 27 [Combust., Expl., Shock Waves 2 (3), 22-27 (1966)]
9. B. I. Khaikin A. G. Merzhanov 1967 Combustion of Substances with a Solid Reaction Layer Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 173 6 1382 1385
10. A. G. Merzhanov 1960 Role of Dispersion in Propellant Combustion Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 135 6 1439 1441
11. V. A. Strunin 1965 On the Condensed Zone of Combustion of Explosives Zh. Fiz. Khim. 39 2 433 435
12. A. G. Merzhanov 1977 New Elementary Combustion Models of the Second Kind Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 233 6 1130 1133
13. Combustion Chemistry, Ed. by W. Gardiner, Jr. (Springer-Verlag, 1984).
14. M. W. Beckstead, K. Puduppakkam, and V. Yang, "Modeling and Simulation of Combustion of Solid Propellant Ingredients Using Detailed Chemical Kinetics," AIAA Paper No. 2004-4036, pp. 1-19.
15. L. K. Gusachenko V. E. Zarko 2005 Combustion Models for Energetic Materials with Completely Gaseous Reaction Products Fiz. Goreniya Vzryva 41 1 24 40 [Combust., Expl., Shock Waves 41 (1), 20-34 (2005)]
16. V. P. Sinditskii, V. Yu. Egorshev, D. Tomazi, and L. T. DeLuca "Combustion Mechanism of AN-Based Propellants," in Proc. 2nd European Conf. for Aero-Space Sciences (CD-ROM), Ed. by M. L. Riethmuller (The von Kármán Institute for Fluid Dynamics, 2007), pp. 1-10.
17. A. A. Zenin S. V. Finjakov 2009 Studying RDX and HMX Combustion Mechanisms by Various Experimental Techniques Fiz. Goreniya Vzryva 45 5 60 81 [Combust., Expl., Shock Waves 45 (5), 559-578 (2009)]
18. M. V. Beckstead 2007 Condensed Phase control? Or Gas Phase Control? Fiz. Goreniya Vzryva 43 2 134 136 [Combust., Expl., Shock Waves 43 (2), 243-245 (2007)]
19. A. G. Merzhanov F. I. Dubovitskii 1959 Theory of Steady-State Powder Combustion Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 129 1 153 156
20. G. Lengelle 1970 Thermal Degradation Kinetics and Surface Pyrolysis of Polymers AIAA J. 8 11 1989 1996 1970AIAAJ...8.1989L 10.2514/3.6036
21. M. J. Ward S. F. Son M. Q. Brewster 1998 Role of Gas-and Condensed-Phase Kinetics in Burning Rate Control of Energetic Solids Combust. Theory Model. 2 3 293 312 1998CTM.....2..293W 0948.74005 10.1088/1364-7830/2/3/005 (Pubitemid 128642245)
22. M. Q. Brewster, "Combustion Mechanism and Simplified-Kinetics Modeling of Homogeneous Energetic Solids," in Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Vol. 13: Energetic Materials, Part 2. Detonation, Combustion (2003), pp. 225-294.
23. V. P. Sinditskii V. Yu. Egorshev A. I. Levshenkov V. V. Serushkin 2005 Ammonium Nitrate: Combustion Mechanism and the Role of Additives Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 30 4 269 280 10.1002/prep.200500017 (Pubitemid 41365193)
24. V. P. Sinditskii V. Yu. Egorshev D. Tomasi L. T. DeLuca 2008 Combustion Mechanism of AN-Based Propellants J. Propuls. Power 24 5 1068 1077 10.2514/1.35233
25. G. Feick 1954 The Dissociation Pressure and Free Energy of Formation of Ammonium Nitrate J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 76 22 5858 5860 10.1021/ja01651a095
26. J. D. Brandner N. M. Junk J. W. Lawrence J. Robins 1962 Vapour Pressure of Ammonium Nitrate J. Chem. Eng. Data 7 2 227 228 10.1021/je60013a020
27. A. E. Fogelzang, V. P. Sinditskii, V. Y. Egorshev, A. I. Levshenkov, V. V. Serushkin, and V. I. Kolesov, "Combustion Behavior and Flame Structure of Ammonium Dinitramide," in Proc. 28th Int. Annu. Conf. of ICT, Karlsruhe, FRG, June 24-27, 1997, Paper No. 90, pp. 1-14.
28. V. P. Sinditskii V. Y. Egorshev A. I. Levshenkov V. V. Serushkin 2006 Combustion of Ammonium Dinitramide. Part 2: Combustion Mechanism J. Propuls. Power 22 4 777 785 10.2514/1.17955 (Pubitemid 44198862)
29. D. A. Frank-Kamenetskii, Fundamentals of Macrokinetics. Diffusion and Heat Transfer in Chemical Kinetics (Intellekt, Dolgoprudnyi, 2008) [in Russian].
30. N. N. Bakhman Yu. S. Kichin S. M. Kolyasov A. E. Fogelzang 1976 Investigation of the Thermal Structure of the Burning Zone in Condensed Mixtures by Fine Thermocouples Combust. Flame 26 235 247 10.1016/0010-2180(76)90074-2
31. A. J. Sabadell J. Wenograd M. Summer-field 1965 Measurement of Temperature Profiles through Solid-Propellant Flames Using Fine Thermocouples AAIA J. 3 9 1580 1584 10.2514/3.3212
32. A. A. Zenin A. P. Glazkova O. I. Leipunskii V. K. Bobolev 1968 Effect of Aluminum on the Burning of Ammonium Perchlorate and Polyformaldehyde Mixtres Fiz. Goreniya Vzryva 4 3 299 304 [Combust., Expl., Shock Waves 4 (3), 165-168 (1968)]
33. M. Servieri, L. Galfetti, L. T. De Luca, V. Yu. Egorshev, B. N. Kondrikov, and I. V. Grebenyuk, "Burning Mechanism of Composite Propellant," in Proc. of 33th Int. Annu. Conf. of ICT, Karlsruhe, FRG, June 25-28, 2002, Paper No. 7, pp. 1-14.
34. J. Powling W. A. W. Smith 1963 The Surface Temperature of Burning Ammonium Perchlorate Combust. Flame 7 3 269 275 10.1016/0010-2180(63)90192-5
35. S. E. Inami W. A. Rosser B. Wise 1963 Dissociation Pressure of Ammonium Perchlorate J. Phys. Chem. 67 1077 1079 10.1021/j100799a032
36. G. B. Manelis, G. M. Nazin, Yu. I. Rubtsov, and V. A. Strunin, Thermal Decomposition and Combustion of Explosives and Propellants (Nauka, Moscow, 1996) [in Russian].
37. J. D. Hightower and E. W. Price, "Combustion of Ammonium Perchlorate," in Proc. 11th Symp. Combustion (Baltimore, Combustion Inst., 1967), pp. 463-472.
38. M. W. Beckstead J. D. Hightower 1967 Surface Temperatures of Deflagrating Ammonium Perchlorate Crystals AIAA J. 5 10 1785 1790 1967AIAAJ...5.1785B 10.2514/3.4305
39. T. L. Boggs 1970 Deflagration Rate, Surface Structure and Subsurface Profile of Self-Deflagration Single Crystals of Ammonium Perchlorate AIAA J. 8 5 867 873 1970AIAAJ...8..867B 10.2514/3.5780
40. G. Lengelle, J. Duterque, and J. F. Trubert, Physico-Chemical Mechanism of Solid Propellant Combustion, in Combustion of Energetic Materials, Ed. by K. K. Kuo and L. T. DeLuca (Begell House Inc., New York, 2002), pp. 287-333.
41. V. P. Sinditskii S. P. Smirnov V. Yu. Egorshev 2007 Thermal Decomposition of NTO: Explanation of High Activation Energy Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 32 4 277 287 10.1002/prep.200700029 (Pubitemid 47366355)
42. V. P. Sinditskii M. C. Vu V. P. Shelaputina A. B. Sheremetev N. S. Alexandrova 2008 Study on Thermal Decomposition and Combustion of Insensitive Explosive 3,3′-Diamino-4,4′-azofurazan (DAAzF) Thermochim. Acta 473 12 25 31 10.1016/j.tca.2008.04.004
43. G. K. Williams S. F. Potapoli T. B. Brill 1994 Thermal Decomposition of Energetic Materials 65. Conversion of Insensitive Explosives (NTO, ANTA) and Related Compounds to Polymeric Melon-Like Cyclic Azine Burn-Rate Suppressants Combust. Flame 98 3 197 204 10.1016/0010-2180(94)90235-6 (Pubitemid 24239347)
44. V. P. Sinditskii, A. E. Fogelzang, A. I. Levshenkov, V. Y. Egorshev, V. I. Kolesov, and V. V. Serushkin, "Combustion of 5-Aminotetrazole Salts," in Proc. 21 Int. Pyrotech. Seminar, Moscow, Sept. 11-15, 1995, pp. 762-772.
45. V. P. Sinditsky, V. V. Serushkin, V. Yu. Yegorshev, and S. A. Filatov, "Combustion Mechanism of the Hydrazinium and Ammonium Salts of Nitroformate," in Chemical Physics of Combustion and Explosion: Proc. of the XIIth Symp. on Combustion and Explosion, Chernogolovka, 2000, CH-1, pp. 141-143.
46. A. E. Fogelzang, V. Ya. Adzhemyan, S. M. Kolyasov, and B. S. Svetlov, "Effect of Initial Temperature on the Burning Rate of Explosive Compounds," in Proc. of IV All-Union. Symp. on Combustion and Explosion, Chernogolovka, 1974, pp. 210-214.
47. A. E. Fogelzang V. Yu. Egorshev V. P. Sinditsky B. I. Kolesov 1992 Combustion of Ammonium and Hydrazinium Azides Combust. Flame 90 3-4 289 294 10.1016/0010-2180(92)90090-C
48. V. P. Sinditskii V. Yu. Egorshev 2010 Combustion Mechanism and Kinetics of Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Chlorate and Nitrite Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater. 7 1 61 75
49. V. P. Sinditskii, V. Yu. Egorshev, and A. V. Korchemkina, "Ammonium Salts of Some Oxynitrogen and Oxyhalogen Acids: A New View on the Combustion Mechanism," in Proc. 11th Seminar of the New Trends in Research of Energetic Materials, Pardubice, Czech Republic, April 9-11, 2008, Part II, pp. 772-781.
50. V. P. Sinditskii, V. Yu. Egorshev, and M. V. Berezin, "Study on Combustion of New Energetic Nitramines," in Proc. 32th Int. Annu. Conf. of ICT, Karlsruhe, FRG, 3-6 July, 2001, Paper No. 59, pp. 1-12.
51. V. P. Sinditskii, W. D. He, M. C. Vu, V. V. Serushkin, V. Yu. Egorshev, A. B. Sheremet, N. N. Makhova, N. S. Aleksandrova, and A. S. Kulikov, Combustion of Furazanes and Furoxanes in Modern Problems of Chemical and Radiation Physics, Ed. by I. G. Assovskii et al. (Joint Inst. of Chem. Phys., Russian Acad. of Sci., Moscow-Chernogolovka, 2009), pp. 195-198.
52. V. P. Sinditskii 2007 On the Nature of the Burning Rate-Controlling Reaction of Energetic Materials for the Gas-Phase Model Fiz. Goreniya Vzryva 43 3 59 71 [Combust., Expl., Shock Waves 43 (3), 297-308 (2007)]
53. I. S. Zaslonko V. N. Smirnov A. M. Tereza S. A. Tsyganov 1988 Kinetics of Energy Liberation during the Thermal Decomposition of Nitrates in Shock Waves Fiz. Goreniya Vzryva 24 2 137 141 [Combust., Expl., Shock Waves 24 (2), 251-255 (1988)]
54. E. I. Maksimov, Yu. M. Grigorev, and A. G. Merzhanov, "Regularities and Mechanism of Combustion of Ammonium Perchlorate," Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Khim., No. 3, 422-429 (1966).
55. J. Wenograd R. Shinnar 1968 Combustion of Ammonium Perchlorate-Some Negative Conclusions AIAA J. 6 5 964 966 1968AIAAJ...6..964S 10.2514/3.4650
56. C. Guirao F. A. Williams 1971 A Model for Ammonium Perchlorate Deflagration between 20 and 100 atm AIAA J. 9 7 1345 1355 1971AIAAJ...9.1345G 10.2514/3.6355
57. M. W. Beckstead, R. I. Derr, and C. F. Price, "The Combustion of Solid Monopropellants and Composite Propellants," in Proc. 13 Symp. (Int.) on Combustion, 1971, pp. 1047-1056.
58. G. B. Manelis V. A. Strunin 1971 The Mechanism of Ammonium Perchlorate Burning Combust. Flame 17 1 69 77 10.1016/S0010-2180(71)80140-2
59. C. F. Hertzberg I. A. Zlochower 1991 Develatilization Wave Structures and Temperatures for the Pyrolysis of Polymethylmethacrylate, Ammonium Perchlorate, and Coal at Combustion Level Heat Fluxes Combust. Flame 84 15 37 10.1016/0010-2180(91)90035-A
60. V. P. Sinditskii, V. Yu. Egorshev, V. V. Serushkin, and A. I. Levshenkov, "Chemical Peculiarities of Combustion of Solid Propellant Oxidizers," in Proc. 8th Int. Workshop on Rocket Propulsion: Present and Future, Pozzuoli, Italy, June 16-20, 2002, Paper No. 34, pp. 1-20.
61. V. P. Sinditskii V. Yu. Egorshev V. V. Serushkin A. I. Levshenkov M. V. Berezin S. A. Filatov S. P. Smirnov 2009 Evaluation of Decomposition Kinetics of Energetic Materials in the Combustion Wave Thermochim. Acta 496 1 12 10.1016/j.tca.2009.07.004
62. Y. I. Rubtsov A. I. Ranevskii G. B. Manelis 1970 Kinetics of Thermal Decomposition of a Mixture of Ammonium Perchlorate and Guanidinium Zh. Fiz. Khim. 44 1 47 51
63. R. Fridman, N. G. Nugent, K. E. Rumbel, and A. C. Scurlock, "Deflagration of Ammonium Perchlorate," in Proc. 6th Symp. (Int.) on Combustion (Reinhold, 1957), pp. 612-618.
64. L. D. Romodanova V. I. Roshchupkin 1962 Combustion of Ammonium Perchlorate Zh. Fiz. Khim. 36 7 1554 1555
65. T. L. Boggs D. E. Zurn D. W. Netzer 1973 Ammonium Perchlorate Combustion: Effects of Sample Preparation; Ingredient Type; and Pressure, Temperature and Acceleration Environments Combust. Sci. Technol 7 177 183 10.1080/ 00102207308952356
66. A. I. Atwood T. L. Boggs P. O. Curran T. P. Parr D. Hanson-Parr C. F. Price J. Wiknich 1999 Burn Rate of Solid Propellant Ingredients. Part 1: Pressure and Initial Temperature Effects J. Propuls. Power 15 6 740 748 10.2514/2.5522
67. Z. P. Pak, "SomeWays to Higher Environmental Safety of Solid Rocket Propellant Application," AIAA Paper No. 93-1755; in AIAA/SAE/ASME/ASEE 29 Joint Propulsion Conf. Monterey, June 28-30, 1993.
68. A. P. Denisyuk, T. M. Kuleshova, and U. G. Shepelev, "Combustion of Ammonium Dinitramide and Its Mixtures with Organic Combustible," Dokl. Akad. Nauk 368 (3), 350-353 (1999). (Pubitemid 129811976)
69. 2 Laser-Induced Deflagration of Ammonium Dinitramide (ADN)," in Proc. 29th JANNAF Combustion Subcommittee Meeting (Hampton, USA, Oct. 19-23, 1992), Vol. II, pp. 327-338.
70. V. A. Strunin A. P. D'yakov G. B. Manelis 1999 Combustion of Ammonium Dinitramide Combust. Flame 117 1-2 429 434 10.1016/S0010-2180(98)00075-3 (Pubitemid 29066226)
71. A. A. Zenin, V. M. Puchkov, and S. V. Finjakov, "Physics of ADN Combustion," in 37th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, January 11-14, 1999; AIAA Paper No. 1999-0595.
72. V. Weiser N. Eisenreich A. Baier W. Eckl 1999 Burning Behavior of ADN Formulation Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 24 163 167 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4087(199906)24:03<163::AID-PREP163>3.0.CO;2-K
73. O. P. Korobeinichev L. V. Kuibida A. A. Paletsky A. G. Shmakov 1998 Molecular-Beam Mass-Spectrometry to Ammonium Dinitramide Combustion Chemistry Studies J. Propuls. Power 14 6 991 1000 10.2514/2.5364 (Pubitemid 128600732)
74. V. P. Sinditskii, A. E. Fogelzang, V. Y. Egorshev, A. I. Levshenkov, V. V. Serushkin, and V. I. Kolesov, "Combustion Peculiarities of ADN and ADN-Based Mixtures," in Combustion of Energetic Materials, Ed. by K. K. Kuo and L. T. DeLuca (Begell House, New York, 2002), pp. 502-512.
75. V. P. Sinditskii V. Yu. Egorshev A. I. Levshenkov V. V. Serushkin 2006 Combustion of Ammonium Dinitramide. Part 1: Combustion Behaviour J. Propuls. Power 22 4 769 776 10.2514/1.17950 (Pubitemid 44198861)
76. A. I. Kazakov, Yu. I. Rubtsov, L. P. Andrienko, and G. B. Manelis, "Kinetics of Thermal Decomposition of Dinitramide. 3. Kinetics of Heat Release during Thermolysis of ADN in the Liquid Phase," Izv. Akad. Nauk, Ser. Khim., No. 3, 395-401 (1998).
77. J. C. Oxley J. L. Smith W. Zheng E. Rogers M. D. Coburn 1997 Thermal Decomposition Studies on Ammonium Dinitramide (ADN) and 15N and 2H Isotopomers J. Phys. Chem. A 101 5646 5652 10.1021/jp9625063 (Pubitemid 127627776)
78. G. B. Manelis, "Thermal Decomposition of Dinitramide Ammonium Salt," in Proc. 26th Int. Annu. Conf. ICT, Karlsruhe, FRG, July 4-7, 1995, Paper No. 15, pp. 1-17.
79. A. P. Glazkova, Catalysis of Combustion of Explosives (Nauka, Moscow, 1976) [in Russian].
80. K. R. Brower J. C. Oxley M. P. Tewari 1989 Evidence for Homolytic Decomposition of Ammonium Nitrate at High Temperature J. Phys. Chem 93 10 4029 4033 10.1021/j100347a033
81. Yu. E. Sheludyak, L. Ya. Kashporov, L. A. Malinin, and V. N. Tsalkov, Thermophysical Properties of Propellant Components: Handbook, Ed. by N. A. Silin (Informatsiya i Tekhniko-Ekonomicheskie Issledovaniya, Moscow, 1992) [in Russian].
82. B. T. Fedoroff and O. E. Sheffield, Encyclopedia of Explosives and Related Items (Picatinny Arsenal, Dover 1966), Vol. 1, pp. A311-A340.
83. E. T. McHale G. von Elbe 1970 The Deflagration of Solid Propellant Oxidizers Combust. Sci. Technol. 2 227 237 10.1080/00102207008952251
84. J. Louwers, G. M. H. J. L. Gadiot, M. Versluis, A. J. Landman, Th. H. van der Meer, and D. Roekaerts, "Combustion of Hydrazinium Nitroformate Based Compositions," AIAA Paper No. 98-3385.
85. J. Louwers, T. Parr, and D. Hanson-Parr, "Decomposition and Flame Structure of Hydrazinium Nitroformate," AIAA Paper No. 99-1091.
86. J. Louwers G. M. H. J. L. Gadiot M. Q. Brewster S. F. Son T. Parr D. Hanson-Parr 1999 Steady-State Hydrazinium Nitroformate (HNF) Combustion Modeling J. Propuls. Power 15 6 772 777 10.2514/2.5495 (Pubitemid 30518787)
87. K. C. Tang M. Q. Brewster 2002 Modeling Combustion of Hydrazinium Nitroformate Proc. Combust. Inst. 29 2897 2904 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80354-6
88. V. P. Sinditskii, V. V. Serushkin, S. A. Filatov, and V. Yu. Egorshev, "Flame Structure of Hydrazinium Nitroformate," in Combustion of Energetic Materials, Ed. by K. K. Kuo and L. T. DeLuca (Begell House, New York, 2002), pp. 576-586.
89. J. Louwers G. M. H. J. L. Gadiot 1999 Model for Nonlinear Transient Burning of Hydrazinium Nitroformate J. Propuls. Power 15 6 778 782 10.2514/2.5496 (Pubitemid 30518788)
90. N. E. Ermolin V. E. Zarko H. H. Keizers 2006 Chemical Processes in the HNF Flame Fiz. Goreniya Vzryva 42 5 20 31 [Combust., Expl., Shock Waves 42 (5), 509-520 (2006)]
91. T. S. Kon'kova N. Yu. Matyushin 1998 Comprehensive Study of the Thermochemical Properties of Nitroformate and Its Salts Izv. Akad. Nauk, Ser. Khim. 47 2451 2453
92. M. W. Chase, C. A. Daives, J. R. Downey, D. J. Frurip, R. A. McDonald, and A. N. Syverud, "JANAF Thermochemical Tables," J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 14,Suppl. 1 (1985).
93. 2-Groups in Nitroderivatives of Methane and Ethane," in Proc. 31st Int. Annu. Conf. of ICT (FRG, Karlsruhe, 2000), Paper No. 51, pp. 1-8.
94. V. A. Koroban T. I. Smirnova T. N. Bashirova B. S. Svetlov 1979 Kinetics and Mechanism of Thermal Decomposition of Hydrazinium Trinitromethane Tr. Mosk. Khim.-Tekhnol. Inst. Mendeleeva 104 38 44
95. D. M. Hanson-Parr T. P. Parr 1999 Thermal Property Measurements of Solid Rocket Propellant Oxidizers and Binder Materials As a Function of Temperature J. Energ. Mater. 17 1 47 10.1080/07370659908216094
96. G. K. Williams T. B. Brill 1995 Thermal Decomposition of Energetic Materials 67. Hydrazinium Nitroformate (HNF) Rates and Pathways under Combustionlike Conditions Combust. Flame 102 418 426 10.1016/0010-2180(94)00283- X
97. N. Wingborg, M. van Zelst, "Comparative Study of the Properties of ADN and HNF," Report No. FOA-R-00-1423-310-SE (June 2000).
98. M. A. Bohn, "Thermal Stability of Hydrazinium Nitroformate (HNF) Assessed by Heat Generation Rate and Heat Generation and Mass Loss," in Proc. 5th Int. Symp. on the Heat flux Calorimetry of Energetic Materials, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Crane, Indiana, 12-14 Sept., 2005.
99. V. V. Serushkin, V. P. Sinditskii, S. A. Filatov, and S. A. Prochorov, "Combustion Mechanism of TAGN and TAGN-Containing Compositions," in Proc. 8th Int. Autumn Seminar on Propellants, Explosives and Pyrotechnics (Kunming, China, September 22-25, 2009), pp. 286-291.
100. A. G. Morachevskii and I. B. Sladkov, Physicochemical Properties of Molecular Inorganic Compounds: Handbook (Khimiya, St. Petersburg, 1996) [in Russian].
101. L. K. Gusachenko V. E. Zarko 2008 Stability of Self-Sustained Combustion of Energetic Materials with Intense Subsurface Heat Release Khim. Fiz. 27 1 79 87