Ammonium nitrate: Combustion mechanism and the role of additives

Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics

Volumn 30, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 269-280

  Sinditskii, Valery P ^a   Egorshev, Viacheslav Yu ^a   Levshenkov, Anton I ^a   Serushkin, Valery V ^a  

^a MENDELEEV UNIVERSITY OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY OF RUSSIA   (Russian Federation)

Author keywords

Ammonium Nitrate; Combustion Mechanism; Role of Additives; Surface Temperature

Indexed keywords

ADDITIVES; COMBUSTION; NITRATES; PRESSURE EFFECTS; REACTION KINETICS; THERMAL EFFECTS; THERMOCOUPLES; TUNGSTEN ALLOYS;

AMMONIUM NITRATE (AN); COMBUSTION MECHANISM; ROLE OF ADDITIVES; SURFACE TEMPERATURE;

AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS;

EID: 25444510073     PISSN: 07213115     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/prep.200500017     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (47)

1. W. H. Andersen, K. W. Bills, E. Mishuck, G. Moe, and R. D. Schultz, A Model Describing Combustion of Solid Composite Propellants Containing Ammonium Nitrate, Combust. Flame 1959, 3(3), 301.
2. R. F. Chaiken, A Thermal Layer Mechanism of Combustion of Solid Composite Propellants: Application to Ammonium Nitrate Propellants, Combust. Flame 1959, 3(3), 285.
3. C. Oommen and S. R. Jain, Ammonium Nitrate: a Promising Rocket Propellant Oxidizer, J. Hazard. Mater. 1999, 67(3), 253.
4. R. A. Henry and W. G. Finnigan, Mono-Alkylation of Sodium 5-Aminotetrazolate in Aqueous Medium, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 923.
5. S. P. Panda, S. K. Sahu, J. V. Thakur, S. G. Kukarni, C. G. Kambhar, and D. S. Sadafule, Synthesis and Chasracterisation of Hydroxy Terminated Polyepichlorohydrin and Polyglycidylazide, Defence Science Journal 1996, 46(5), 399.
6. G. B. Manelis, G. M. Nazin, Yu. I. Rubtsov, and V. A. Strunin, Thermal Decomposition and Combustion of Explosives and Propellants, Nauka, Moscow 1996, p. 223.
7. V. P. Sinditskii, V. Yu. Egorshev, V. V. Serushkin, and A. I. Levshenkov, Chemical Peculiarities of Combustion of Solid Propellant Oxidizers, in L. T. DeLuca (Ed.), Rocket Propulsion: Present And Future, Begell House Inc., New York 2003, paper 34, p. 1.
8. V. P. Sinditskii, V. V. Serushkin, S.A. Filatov, and V. Y. Egorshev, Flame Structure of Hydrazinium Nitroformate, in K. K. Kuo, L. T. DeLuca (Eds.), Combustion of Energetic Materials, Begell House Inc., New York 2002, p. 576.
9. A. P. Glazkova, Effect des Catalyseurs sur la Deflagration du Nirate D'ammonium et de ses Melanges, Explosifs, 1967, 1, 5.
10. A. P. Glazkova, Catalysis of Explosive Combustion, Nauka, Moscow 1976, p. 263.
11. J. Taylor, Low Temperature Reactions of Burning in the Solid State, Ind. Chemistry and Chem. Manufacturers, 1948, 24, 289.
12. J. Taylor and G. P. Sillitto, The Use of Ammonium Nitrate as a Solid Fuel to Provide Gas for Propulsive Purposes, 3rd Symp. on Combustion Flame and Explosion Phenomena, Williams and Wilkings, Baltimore, 1949, p. 572.
13. A. A. Shidlovsky, Thermal Decomposition and Combustion of Ammonium Nitrate with Additives at Atmospheric Pressure, Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Khim. Khim. Tekhnol, 1958, 3, 105.
14. K. K. Andreev and A. P. Glazkova, A Comment to the Theory of Permissible Explosives, Doklady Academii Nauk SSSR, 1952, 86, 801.
15. K. K. Andreev and A. P. Glazkova, Influence of Some Additives on Burning of AN, in K. K Andreev (Ed.), Theory of Explosives, High School Publishing House, Moscow 1967, 314.
16. B. N. Kondrikov, V. E. Annikov, and L. T. DeLuca, Combustion of Ammonium Nitrate-based Compositions, 29th Int. Annual Conference of ICT, Karlsruhe, Germany, June 30-July 3, 1998, p. 163/1.
17. M. Arai, N. Nakazato, Y. Wada, T. Harada, and M. Tamura, A Study on the Application of Ammonium Nitrate as an Oxidizer for Gas Generating Composition, 28th International Pyrotechnics Seminar, Adelaide, Australia, November 4-9, 2001, p. 25.
18. K. Menke and J. Böhnlein-Mauß, Properties of AN and PSAN/GAP-Propellants, 27th Int. Annual Conference of ICT, Karlsruhe, Germany, June 25-28, 1996, p. 21.
19. D. R. Taylor and I.V. Mendenhall, Burn Rate-Enhanced High Gas Yield Non-Azide Gas Generants, US Patent 6 103 030, 2000.
20. P. S. Khandhadia, S. P. Burns, and G. K. Williams, High Gas Yield Non-Azide Gas Generants, WO Patent 9946222, 1999.
21. B. N. Kondrikov, V. E. Annikov, V.Yu. Egorshev, L. T. DeLuca, and C. Bronzi, Combustion of Ammonium Nitrate-Based Compositions, Metal-Containing and Water-Impregnated Compounds, J. Propulsion and Power 1999, 15(6), 763.
22. A. G. Whittaker and D. C. Barham, Surface Temperature Measurement on Burning Solids, J. Phys. Chem. 1964, 65(1), 196.
23. A. E. Fogelzang, V. P. Sinditskii, V. Y. Egorshev, A. I. Levshenkov, V. V. Serushkin, and V. I. Kolesov, Combustion Behavior and Flame Structure of Ammonium Dinitramide, 28th Int. Annual Conference of ICT, Karlsruhe, Germany, June 24-27, 1997, p. 90/1.
24. G. Feick, The Dissociation Pressure and Free Energy of Formation of Ammonium Nitrate, J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76(22), 5858.
25. J. D. Brandner, N. M. Junk, J. W. Lawrence, and J. Robins, Vapour Pressure of Ammonium Nitrate, J. Chem. Eng. Data 1962, 7(2), 227.
26. A. I. Kazakov, L. P. Andrienko, and Yu. I. Rubtsov, Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Ammonium Ion by Solution of Nitric Acid, Izvestia Akademii Nauk SSSR. Ser. Khim., 1980, 5, 972.
27. W. A. Rosser, S. H. Inami, and H. Wise, The Kinetics of Decomposition of Liquid Ammonium Nitrate, J. Phys. Chem. 1963, 63, 1753.
28. J. H. Koper, O. G. Jansen, and P. J. van der Berg, A Reaction Mechanism for the Decomposition of Ammonium Nitrate, Explosivstoffe 1970, 8, 181.
29. K. R. Brower, J. C. Oxley, and M. P. Tewari, Evidence for Homolytic Decomposition of Ammonium Nitrate at High Temperature, J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 95(10), 4029.
30. B. Yu. Rozman, A Mechanism for the Decomposition of Ammonium Nitrate, J. Applied Chemistry of the USSR 1960, 33(5), 1052.
31. J. C. Oxley, J. L. Smith, E. Rogers, and Yu Ming, Ammonium Nitrate: Thermal Stability and Explosivity Modifiers, Thermochim. Acta 2002, 384, 23.
32. Ya. B. Zeldovich, Theory of Limit of Slow Flame Propagation, Zh. Eksperimentalnoy i Teoreticheskoi Fiziki, 1941, 11, 159.
33. Ya. B. Zeldovich, Theory of Combustion of Propellants and Explosives, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 1942, 12, 498.
34. A. F. Belyaev, Connection Between Flameless Combustion of Double Base Powder and its Kinetics Constants, Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 1959, 129(3), 635.
35. Yu. E. Sheludayk, L. Ja. Kashporov, L. A. Malinin, and V. N. Tsalkov, Thermophysical Properties of Component of Combustible System, in N. A. Silin (Ed.), NPO Information, Technical and Economic Research, Moscow, 1992.
36. B. T. Fedoroff and O. E. Sheffield, Encyclopedia of Explosives and Related Items, Picatinny Arsenal, Dover, NJ, Report PATR-2700, 1966, A311.
37. H. L. Sounders, The Decomposition of Ammonium Nitrate by Heat. J. Chem. Soc. 1922, 121, 698.
38. - on Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Nitrate, J. Applied Chemistry of the USSR 1989, 62(11), 2417.
39. C. I. Colvin, P. W. Fearnow, and A. G. Keenan, The Induction Period of the Chloride-catalyzed Decomposition of AN, J. Inorg.Chem. 1965, 4, 173.
40. J. C. Oxley, S. M. Kaushik, and N. S. Gilson, Thermal Decomposition of AN-based Composites, Thermochim. Acta, 1989, 153, 269.
41. B. A. Lurie, Zhan Lian Shen, Kinetics and Mechanism of Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Nitrate Affected by Soot, Fizika Gorenia i Vzryva, 2000, 36 (5), 63.
42. D. G. Patil, S. R. Jain, and T. B. Brill, Thermal Decomposition of Energetic Materials 56. On the Fast Thermolysis Mechanism of Ammonium Nitrate and its Mixtures with Magnesium and Carbon, Propellants, Explos., Pyrotech. 1992, 17, 99.
43. A. F. Belyaev, Boiling Temperature and Heat of Evaporation of some Secondary Explosives, Zh. Fizicheskoi Khimii, 1948, 22(1), 91.
44. A. E. Fogelzang, V. Yu. Egorshev, V. P. Sinditskii, M. D. Dutov, and M. Yu. Soloviev, Study of Combustion of Tetrazole and its Derivatives, Proc. IX All-union Symp. on Comb, and Explosion. Combustion of Condensed System, Suzdal, 1987, 3-5, 129.
45. V. I. Kolesov, V. P. Sinditskii, V. Y. Egorshev, B. A. Lurie, and M. Yu. Soloviev, Thermal Decomposition and Combustion of 2-Methyl-5-Nitrotetrazole, 32nd Int. Annual Conference of ICT, Karlsruhe, Germany, July 3-6, 2001, p. 117/1.
46. V. Yu. Egorshev, V. P. Sinditskii, and M. V. Berezin, Study on Combustion of Liquid and Gelatinized Glycidyl Azide Oligomers, 7 Inter. Seminar New trends in Research of Energetic Materials, Pardubice, Czech Republic 20-22 April, 2004, 100.
47. N. Kubota and T. Sonobe, Combustion of GAP Propellants, 19th Int. Annual Conference of ICT, Karlsruhe, Germany, June 29-July 1, 1988, p. 1.