메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 15, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 208-218

Restoration potential of the persistent soil seed bank in successional calcareous (alvar) grasslands in Estonia

Author keywords

Abandonment; Grassland management; Grazing; Limestone grassland; Optimal sampling time; Seed density; Seed mass; Semi natural grassland; Species richness; Traditional management

Indexed keywords

ARABIS; ARABIS HIRSUTA; ARENARIA (CARYOPHYLLACEAE); ARENARIA SERPYLLIFOLIA; CERASTIUM FONTANUM; CORYLUS AVELLANA; CRASSULACEAE; HELIANTHEMUM NUMMULARIUM; JUNIPERUS; JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS; POA; POA ANGUSTIFOLIA; POTENTILLA; POTENTILLA NEUMANNIANA; SEDUM ACRE; VERONICA; VERONICA SPICATA;

EID: 84857949590     PISSN: 14022001     EISSN: 1654109X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1654-109X.2011.01169.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (83)

References (67)
  • 1
    • 0032417568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soil seed bank of an upland calcareous grassland after 6 years of climate and management manipulations
    • Akinola, M.O., Thompson, K. & Buckland, S.M. 1998. Soil seed bank of an upland calcareous grassland after 6 years of climate and management manipulations. Journal of Applied Ecology 35: 544-552.
    • (1998) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.35 , pp. 544-552
    • Akinola, M.O.1    Thompson, K.2    Buckland, S.M.3
  • 2
    • 0033083842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constraints in the restoration of ecological diversity in grassland and heathland communities
    • Bakker, J.P. & Berendse, F. 1999. Constraints in the restoration of ecological diversity in grassland and heathland communities. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 14: 63-68.
    • (1999) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.14 , pp. 63-68
    • Bakker, J.P.1    Berendse, F.2
  • 4
    • 0036077480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of long-term cutting in a grassland system: perspectives for restoration of plant communities on nutrient-poor soils
    • Bakker, J.P., Elzinga, J.A. & De Vries, Y. 2002. Effects of long-term cutting in a grassland system: perspectives for restoration of plant communities on nutrient-poor soils. Applied Vegetation Science 5: 107-120.
    • (2002) Applied Vegetation Science , vol.5 , pp. 107-120
    • Bakker, J.P.1    Elzinga, J.A.2    De Vries, Y.3
  • 8
    • 31944452769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetation and seed bank in a calcareous grassland restored from a Pinus forest
    • Bisteau, E. & Mahy, G. 2005. Vegetation and seed bank in a calcareous grassland restored from a Pinus forest. Applied Vegetation Science 8: 167-174.
    • (2005) Applied Vegetation Science , vol.8 , pp. 167-174
    • Bisteau, E.1    Mahy, G.2
  • 9
    • 0023469240 scopus 로고
    • Increasing dominance of Brachypodium pinnatum (L.) Beauv. in chalk grasslands: a threat to a species-rich ecosystem
    • Bobbink, R. & Willems, J.H. 1987. Increasing dominance of Brachypodium pinnatum (L.) Beauv. in chalk grasslands: a threat to a species-rich ecosystem. Biological Conservation 40: 301-314.
    • (1987) Biological Conservation , vol.40 , pp. 301-314
    • Bobbink, R.1    Willems, J.H.2
  • 10
    • 33645928740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seed bank composition of open and overgrown calcareous grassland soils - a case study from Southern Belgium
    • Bossuyt, B., Butaye, J. & Honnay, O. 2006. Seed bank composition of open and overgrown calcareous grassland soils - a case study from Southern Belgium. Journal of Environmental Management 79: 364-371.
    • (2006) Journal of Environmental Management , vol.79 , pp. 364-371
    • Bossuyt, B.1    Butaye, J.2    Honnay, O.3
  • 11
    • 0000286531 scopus 로고
    • An ordination of the upland forest communities of southern Wisconsin
    • Bray, J.R. & Curtis, J.T. 1957. An ordination of the upland forest communities of southern Wisconsin. Ecological Monographs 27: 325-349.
    • (1957) Ecological Monographs , vol.27 , pp. 325-349
    • Bray, J.R.1    Curtis, J.T.2
  • 12
    • 0032736756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is species richness dependent on the neighbouring stands? An analysis of the community patterns in mountain grasslands of central Argentina
    • Cantero, J.J., Pärtel, M. & Zobel, M. 1999. Is species richness dependent on the neighbouring stands? An analysis of the community patterns in mountain grasslands of central Argentina. Oikos 87: 346-354.
    • (1999) Oikos , vol.87 , pp. 346-354
    • Cantero, J.J.1    Pärtel, M.2    Zobel, M.3
  • 13
    • 0027804103 scopus 로고
    • Non-parametric multivariate analyses of changes in community structure
    • Clarke, K.R. 1993. Non-parametric multivariate analyses of changes in community structure. Australian Journal of Ecology 18: 117-143.
    • (1993) Australian Journal of Ecology , vol.18 , pp. 117-143
    • Clarke, K.R.1
  • 14
    • 0031865374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The persistence of calcareous grassland species in the soil seed bank under developing and established scrub
    • Davies, A. & Waite, S. 1998. The persistence of calcareous grassland species in the soil seed bank under developing and established scrub. Plant Ecology 136: 27-39.
    • (1998) Plant Ecology , vol.136 , pp. 27-39
    • Davies, A.1    Waite, S.2
  • 15
    • 33749053205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The basiphilous dry grasslands of shallow, skeletal soils (Alysso-Sedetalia) on the island of Öland (Sweden), in the context of North and Central Europe
    • Dengler, J. & Löbel, S. 2006. The basiphilous dry grasslands of shallow, skeletal soils (Alysso-Sedetalia) on the island of Öland (Sweden), in the context of North and Central Europe. Phytocoenologia 36: 343-391.
    • (2006) Phytocoenologia , vol.36 , pp. 343-391
    • Dengler, J.1    Löbel, S.2
  • 16
    • 0000139242 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of buried viable seeds along a successional series
    • Donelan, M. & Thompson, K. 1980. Distribution of buried viable seeds along a successional series. Journal of Biological Conservation 17: 297-311.
    • (1980) Journal of Biological Conservation , vol.17 , pp. 297-311
    • Donelan, M.1    Thompson, K.2
  • 17
    • 0028994817 scopus 로고
    • Permanent seed banks in chalk grassland under various management regimes: their role in the restoration of species-rich plant communities
    • Dutoit, T. & Alard, D. 1995. Permanent seed banks in chalk grassland under various management regimes: their role in the restoration of species-rich plant communities. Biodiversity and Conservation 4: 939-950.
    • (1995) Biodiversity and Conservation , vol.4 , pp. 939-950
    • Dutoit, T.1    Alard, D.2
  • 19
    • 0036819948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land-use history and fragmentation of traditionally managed grasslands in Scandinavia
    • Eriksson, O., Cousins, S.A.O. & Bruun, H.H. 2002. Land-use history and fragmentation of traditionally managed grasslands in Scandinavia. Journal of Vegetation Science 13: 743-748.
    • (2002) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.13 , pp. 743-748
    • Eriksson, O.1    Cousins, S.A.O.2    Bruun, H.H.3
  • 20
    • 46749132251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do restored calcareous grasslands on former arable fields resemble ancient targets? The effect of time, methods and environment on outcomes
    • Fagan, K.C., Pywell, R.F., Bullock, J.M. & Marrs, R.H. 2008. Do restored calcareous grasslands on former arable fields resemble ancient targets? The effect of time, methods and environment on outcomes. Journal of Applied Ecology 45: 1293-1303.
    • (2008) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.45 , pp. 1293-1303
    • Fagan, K.C.1    Pywell, R.F.2    Bullock, J.M.3    Marrs, R.H.4
  • 21
    • 0033382997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seed size and shape are good predictors of seed persistence in soil in temperate mountain grasslands of Argentina
    • Funes, G., Basconcelo, S., Diaz, S. & Cabido, M. 1999. Seed size and shape are good predictors of seed persistence in soil in temperate mountain grasslands of Argentina. Seed Science Research 9: 341-345.
    • (1999) Seed Science Research , vol.9 , pp. 341-345
    • Funes, G.1    Basconcelo, S.2    Diaz, S.3    Cabido, M.4
  • 22
    • 84858007452 scopus 로고
    • Reise durch Estland, vorzüglich botanischen Inhalts, im Sommer 1803 unternommen von dem Herrn Professor Germann in Dorpat
    • Hoppe, D.H. (ed.), J.E. Monath and J.F. Russer, Nürnberg and Adorf, DE.
    • Germann, G.A. 1805. Reise durch Estland, vorzüglich botanischen Inhalts, im Sommer 1803 unternommen von dem Herrn Professor Germann in Dorpat. Hoppe, D.H. (ed.) Neues botanishes Taschenbuch für die Anfänger dieser Wissenschaft und der Apothekerkunst auf das Jahr 1805. pp. 57-104. J.E. Monath and J.F. Russer, Nürnberg and Adorf, DE.
    • (1805) Neues botanishes Taschenbuch für die Anfänger dieser Wissenschaft und der Apothekerkunst auf das Jahr 1805 , pp. 57-104
    • Germann, G.A.1
  • 23
    • 0026304570 scopus 로고
    • The nature and rate of development of calcareous grassland in southern Britain
    • Gibson, C.W.D. & Brown, V.K. 1991. The nature and rate of development of calcareous grassland in southern Britain. Biological Conservation 58: 297-316.
    • (1991) Biological Conservation , vol.58 , pp. 297-316
    • Gibson, C.W.D.1    Brown, V.K.2
  • 24
    • 0023471823 scopus 로고
    • The use of sheep grazing to recreate species-rich grassland from abandoned arable land
    • Gibson, C.W.D., Watt, T.A. & Brown, V.K. 1987. The use of sheep grazing to recreate species-rich grassland from abandoned arable land. Biological Conservation 42: 165-183.
    • (1987) Biological Conservation , vol.42 , pp. 165-183
    • Gibson, C.W.D.1    Watt, T.A.2    Brown, V.K.3
  • 25
    • 0024255165 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of the seed bank of a chalk grassland established on former arable land
    • Graham, D.J. & Hutchings, M.J. 1988. Estimation of the seed bank of a chalk grassland established on former arable land. Journal of Applied Ecology 25: 241-252.
    • (1988) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.25 , pp. 241-252
    • Graham, D.J.1    Hutchings, M.J.2
  • 26
    • 0021554352 scopus 로고
    • Effects of seed size and growth form on seedling establishment of six monocarpic perennial plants
    • Gross, K.L. 1984. Effects of seed size and growth form on seedling establishment of six monocarpic perennial plants. Journal of Ecology 72: 369-387.
    • (1984) Journal of Ecology , vol.72 , pp. 369-387
    • Gross, K.L.1
  • 27
    • 0029730309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An improved method for seed bank analysis: seedling emergence after removing the soil by sieving
    • ter Heerdt, G.N.J., Verweij, G.L., Bekker, R.M. & Bakker, J.P. 1996. An improved method for seed bank analysis: seedling emergence after removing the soil by sieving. Functional Ecology 10: 144-151.
    • (1996) Functional Ecology , vol.10 , pp. 144-151
    • ter Heerdt, G.N.J.1    Verweij, G.L.2    Bekker, R.M.3    Bakker, J.P.4
  • 29
    • 0030302058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies on the feasibility of re-creating chalk grassland vegetation on ex-arable land. I. The potential roles of seed bank and seed rain
    • Hutchings, M.J. & Booth, K.D. 1996. Studies on the feasibility of re-creating chalk grassland vegetation on ex-arable land. I. The potential roles of seed bank and seed rain. Journal of Applied Ecology 33: 1171-1181.
    • (1996) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.33 , pp. 1171-1181
    • Hutchings, M.J.1    Booth, K.D.2
  • 30
    • 0037409416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term effects of different management regimes on the response of calcareous grassland vegetation to increased nitrogen
    • Jacquemyn, H., Brys, R. & Hermy, M. 2003. Short-term effects of different management regimes on the response of calcareous grassland vegetation to increased nitrogen. Biological Conservation 111: 137-147.
    • (2003) Biological Conservation , vol.111 , pp. 137-147
    • Jacquemyn, H.1    Brys, R.2    Hermy, M.3
  • 31
    • 78751571021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management effects on the vegetation and soil seed bank of calcareous grasslands: an 11-year experiment
    • Jacquemyn, H., Van Mechelen, C., Brys, R. & Honnay, O. 2011. Management effects on the vegetation and soil seed bank of calcareous grasslands: an 11-year experiment. Biological Conservation 144: 416-422.
    • (2011) Biological Conservation , vol.144 , pp. 416-422
    • Jacquemyn, H.1    Van Mechelen, C.2    Brys, R.3    Honnay, O.4
  • 32
    • 0001771278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The seed bank in an Estonian calcareous grassland: comparison of different successional stages
    • Kalamees, R. & Zobel, M. 1997. The seed bank in an Estonian calcareous grassland: comparison of different successional stages. Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica 32: 1-14.
    • (1997) Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica , vol.32 , pp. 1-14
    • Kalamees, R.1    Zobel, M.2
  • 33
    • 0032029452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soil seed bank composition in different successional stages of a species-rich wooded meadow in Laelatu, western Estonia
    • Kalamees, R. & Zobel, M. 1998. Soil seed bank composition in different successional stages of a species-rich wooded meadow in Laelatu, western Estonia. Acta Oecologica 19: 175-180.
    • (1998) Acta Oecologica , vol.19 , pp. 175-180
    • Kalamees, R.1    Zobel, M.2
  • 34
    • 0037885019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of the seed bank in gap regeneration in a calcareous grassland community
    • Kalamees, R. & Zobel, M. 2002. The role of the seed bank in gap regeneration in a calcareous grassland community. Ecology 83: 1017-1025.
    • (2002) Ecology , vol.83 , pp. 1017-1025
    • Kalamees, R.1    Zobel, M.2
  • 35
    • 0022847664 scopus 로고
    • Applying metric and non-metric multidimensional scaling to ecological studies: some new results
    • Kenkel, N.C. & Orlóci, L. 1986. Applying metric and non-metric multidimensional scaling to ecological studies: some new results. Ecology 67: 919-928.
    • (1986) Ecology , vol.67 , pp. 919-928
    • Kenkel, N.C.1    Orlóci, L.2
  • 37
    • 84858007451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BIOFLOR - Eine Datenbank zu biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen der Gefäßpflanzen in Deutschland. Bundesamt für Naturschutz, Bonn, DE.
    • Klotz, S., Kühn, I. & Durka, W. 2002. BIOFLOR - Eine Datenbank zu biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen der Gefäßpflanzen in Deutschland. Bundesamt für Naturschutz, Bonn, DE.
    • (2002)
    • Klotz, S.1    Kühn, I.2    Durka, W.3
  • 40
    • 0009738083 scopus 로고
    • Anthropogenous changes of plant communities and problems of conservation
    • Laasimer L., Trass H. & Kask M. (eds.) Academy of Sciences of the E.S.S.R., Tartu, EE.
    • Laasimer, L. 1981. Anthropogenous changes of plant communities and problems of conservation. Laasimer, L., Trass, H. & Kask, M. (eds.) Anthropogenous changes in the plant cover of Estonia. pp. 18-31. Academy of Sciences of the E.S.S.R., Tartu, EE.
    • (1981) Anthropogenous changes in the plant cover of Estonia , pp. 18-31
    • Laasimer, L.1
  • 42
    • 1642573190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Germinable soil seed bank of former grassland converted to coniferous plantation
    • Maccherini, S. & De Dominicis, V. 2003. Germinable soil seed bank of former grassland converted to coniferous plantation. Ecological Research 18: 739-751.
    • (2003) Ecological Research , vol.18 , pp. 739-751
    • Maccherini, S.1    De Dominicis, V.2
  • 44
    • 0028976940 scopus 로고
    • Soil seed bank after eighteen years of succession from grassland to forest
    • Milberg, P. 1995. Soil seed bank after eighteen years of succession from grassland to forest. Oikos 72: 3-13.
    • (1995) Oikos , vol.72 , pp. 3-13
    • Milberg, P.1
  • 45
    • 0028175992 scopus 로고
    • Soil seed bank and species turnover in a limestone grassland
    • Milberg, P. & Hansson, M. 1994. Soil seed bank and species turnover in a limestone grassland. Journal of Vegetation Science 5: 35-42.
    • (1994) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.5 , pp. 35-42
    • Milberg, P.1    Hansson, M.2
  • 46
    • 0028975322 scopus 로고
    • Vertical canopy structure of Dutch chalk grasslands in relation to their management
    • Mitchley, J. & Willems, J.H. 1995. Vertical canopy structure of Dutch chalk grasslands in relation to their management. Vegetatio 117: 17-27.
    • (1995) Vegetatio , vol.117 , pp. 17-27
    • Mitchley, J.1    Willems, J.H.2
  • 47
    • 0033179961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alvar grasslands in Estonia: variation in species composition and community structure
    • Pärtel, M., Kalamees, R., Zobel, M. & Rosén, E. 1999a. Alvar grasslands in Estonia: variation in species composition and community structure. Journal of Vegetation Science 10: 561-570.
    • (1999) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.10 , pp. 561-570
    • Pärtel, M.1    Kalamees, R.2    Zobel, M.3    Rosén, E.4
  • 48
    • 18844467264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landscape history of a calcareous (alvar) grassland in Hanila, western Estonia, during the last three hundred years
    • Pärtel, M., Mändla, R. & Zobel, M. 1999b. Landscape history of a calcareous (alvar) grassland in Hanila, western Estonia, during the last three hundred years. Landscape Ecology 14: 187-196.
    • (1999) Landscape Ecology , vol.14 , pp. 187-196
    • Pärtel, M.1    Mändla, R.2    Zobel, M.3
  • 49
    • 0036126246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The historical and socio-economic perspective of calcareous grasslands - lessons from the distant and recent past
    • Poschlod, P. & WallisDeVries, M.F. 2002. The historical and socio-economic perspective of calcareous grasslands - lessons from the distant and recent past. Biological Conservation 104: 361-376.
    • (2002) Biological Conservation , vol.104 , pp. 361-376
    • Poschlod, P.1    WallisDeVries, M.F.2
  • 51
    • 17144384670 scopus 로고
    • Muldade kujunemine
    • Raukas, A. (ed.) Valgus & Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjas-tus, Tallinn, EE.
    • Reintam, L. 1995. Muldade kujunemine. Raukas, A. (ed.) Eesti Loodus. pp. 419-429. Valgus & Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjas-tus, Tallinn, EE.
    • (1995) Eesti Loodus , pp. 419-429
    • Reintam, L.1
  • 52
    • 0024248837 scopus 로고
    • The effects of colonizing shrubs (Juniperus communis and Potentilla fruticosa) on species richness in the grasslands of Stora Alvaret, Öland (Sweden)
    • Rejmánek, M. & Rosén, E. 1988. The effects of colonizing shrubs (Juniperus communis and Potentilla fruticosa) on species richness in the grasslands of Stora Alvaret, Öland (Sweden). Acta Phytogeographica Suecica 76: 67-72.
    • (1988) Acta Phytogeographica Suecica , vol.76 , pp. 67-72
    • Rejmánek, M.1    Rosén, E.2
  • 53
    • 0020377260 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation development and sheep grazing in limestone grasslands of south Öland, Sweden
    • Rosén, E. 1982. Vegetation development and sheep grazing in limestone grasslands of south Öland, Sweden. Acta Phytogeographica Suecica 72: 1-108.
    • (1982) Acta Phytogeographica Suecica , vol.72 , pp. 1-108
    • Rosén, E.1
  • 55
    • 84858003809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK. Seed Information Database (SID). Version 7.1. Available at
    • Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK. 2008. Seed Information Database (SID). Version 7.1. Available at
    • (2008)
  • 57
    • 0031426381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetation, environmental characteristics and ideas on the maintenance of alvars on the Bruce Peninsula, Canada
    • Schaefer, C.A. & Larson, D.W. 1997. Vegetation, environmental characteristics and ideas on the maintenance of alvars on the Bruce Peninsula, Canada. Journal of Vegetation Science 8: 797-810.
    • (1997) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.8 , pp. 797-810
    • Schaefer, C.A.1    Larson, D.W.2
  • 58
    • 0038082973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between seed banks and spatial heterogeneity of North American alvar vegetation
    • Stark, K.E., Lundholm, J.T. & Larson, D.W. 2003. Relationships between seed banks and spatial heterogeneity of North American alvar vegetation. Journal of Vegetation Science 14: 205-212.
    • (2003) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.14 , pp. 205-212
    • Stark, K.E.1    Lundholm, J.T.2    Larson, D.W.3
  • 59
    • 0027446054 scopus 로고
    • Seed size and shape predict persistence in soil
    • Thompson, K., Band, S.R. & Hodgson, J.G. 1993. Seed size and shape predict persistence in soil. Functional Ecology 7: 236-241.
    • (1993) Functional Ecology , vol.7 , pp. 236-241
    • Thompson, K.1    Band, S.R.2    Hodgson, J.G.3
  • 62
    • 78651291861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restoration potential in seed banks of acidic fen and dry-mesophilous meadows: can restoration be based on local seed banks?
    • Valkó, O., Török, P., Tóthmérész, B. & Matus, G. 2011. Restoration potential in seed banks of acidic fen and dry-mesophilous meadows: can restoration be based on local seed banks? Restoration Ecology 19: 9-15.
    • (2011) Restoration Ecology , vol.19 , pp. 9-15
    • Valkó, O.1    Török, P.2    Tóthmérész, B.3    Matus, G.4
  • 63
    • 0009739228 scopus 로고
    • Loost ja lootaimkonnast Ida-Harjumaal
    • Vilberg, G. 1927. Loost ja lootaimkonnast Ida-Harjumaal. Loodusuurijate Seltsi Aruanded 34: 11-139.
    • (1927) Loodusuurijate Seltsi Aruanded , vol.34 , pp. 11-139
    • Vilberg, G.1
  • 64
    • 2642531336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The restoration and re-creation of species-rich lowland grassland on land formerly managed for intensive agriculture in the UK
    • Walker, K.J., Stevens, D.A., Stevens, P.A., Mountford, J.O., Manchester, S. & Pywell, R.F. 2004. The restoration and re-creation of species-rich lowland grassland on land formerly managed for intensive agriculture in the UK. Biological Conservation 119: 1-18.
    • (2004) Biological Conservation , vol.119 , pp. 1-18
    • Walker, K.J.1    Stevens, D.A.2    Stevens, P.A.3    Mountford, J.O.4    Manchester, S.5    Pywell, R.F.6
  • 65
    • 0036130027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Challenges for the conservation of calcareous grasslands in northwestern Europe: integrating the requirements of flora and fauna
    • Wallis DeVries, M.F., Poschlod, P. & Willems, J.H. 2002. Challenges for the conservation of calcareous grasslands in northwestern Europe: integrating the requirements of flora and fauna. Biological Conservation 104: 265-273.
    • (2002) Biological Conservation , vol.104 , pp. 265-273
    • Wallis DeVries, M.F.1    Poschlod, P.2    Willems, J.H.3
  • 66
    • 0034929655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Problems, approaches and results in restoration of Dutch calcareous grassland during the last 30 years
    • Willems, J.H. 2001. Problems, approaches and results in restoration of Dutch calcareous grassland during the last 30 years. Restoration Ecology 9: 147-154.
    • (2001) Restoration Ecology , vol.9 , pp. 147-154
    • Willems, J.H.1
  • 67
    • 0002252045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restoration of high species density in calcareous grassland: the role of seed rain and soil seed bank
    • Willems, J.H. & Bik, L.P.M. 1998. Restoration of high species density in calcareous grassland: the role of seed rain and soil seed bank. Applied Vegetation Science 1: 91-100.
    • (1998) Applied Vegetation Science , vol.1 , pp. 91-100
    • Willems, J.H.1    Bik, L.P.M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.