Effect of different levels of docosahexaenoic acid supply on fatty acid status and linoleic and α-linolenic acid conversion in preterm infants

Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition

Volumn 54, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 353-363

  Sauerwald, Ulrike C ^a   Fink, Maria M ^a   Demmelmair, Hans ^a   Schoenaich, Patrick V ^b   Rauh Pfeiffer, Astrid A M ^a   Koletzko, Berthold ^a  

^a LUDWIG MAXIMILIANS UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^b Department of Paediatrics ^*  (Germany)

Author keywords

human milk; long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids; premature infants; preterm infant formula; stable isotopes

Indexed keywords

ARACHIDONIC ACID; CARBON 13; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; FATTY ACID; ICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; LINOLEIC ACID; PHOSPHOLIPID;

ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL MILK; BLOOD SAMPLING; BREAST MILK; CONTROLLED STUDY; ERYTHROCYTE LEVEL; FAT INTAKE; FATTY ACID BLOOD LEVEL; FATTY ACID METABOLISM; FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; NEWBORN; PREMATURITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; REACTION TIME;

ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID; ARACHIDONIC ACID; DIETARY FATS; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACIDS; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; ERYTHROCYTES; FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT, NEWBORN; LINOLEIC ACID; MALE; MILK, HUMAN; PHOSPHOLIPIDS;

EID: 84857789211     PISSN: 02772116     EISSN: 15364801     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e31823c3bfd     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Sauerwald TU, Hachey DL, Jensen CL, et al. New insights into the metabolism of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids during infancy. Eur J Med Res 1997;2:88-92.
2. Fleith M, Clandinin MT. Dietary PUFA for preterm and term infants: review of clinical studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2005;45:205-29. (Pubitemid 41657357)
3. Clandinin MT, Chapell JE, Leong S, et al. Intrauterine fatty acid accretion rates in human brain: implications for fatty acid requirements. Early Hum Dev 1980;4:121-9. (Pubitemid 10064580)
4. Chambaz J, Ravel D, Manier MC, et al. Essential fatty acids interconversion in the human fetal liver. Biol Neonate 1985;47:136-40. (Pubitemid 15146916)
5. Poisson JP, Dupuy RP, Sarda P, et al. Evidence that liver microsomes of human neonates desaturate essential fatty acids. Biochim Biophys Acta 1993;1167:109-13. (Pubitemid 23104902)
6. Demmelmair H, Sauerwald T, Koletzko B, et al. New insights into lipid and fatty acid metabolism via stable isotopes. Eur J Pediatr 1997;156:S70-4.
7. Carnielli VP, Wattimena DJL, Luijendijk IHT, et al. The very low birth weight premature infant is capable of synthesizing arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids from linoleic and linolenic acids. Pediatr Res 1996;40:169-74. (Pubitemid 26196618)
8. Salem N, Wegher B, Mena P, et al. Arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids are biosynthesized from their 18-carbon precursors in human infants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996;93:49-54.
9. Sauerwald TU, Hachey DL, Jensen CL, et al. Effect of dietary a-linolenic acid intake on incorporation of docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acids into plasma phospholipids of term infants. Lipids 1996;31:131-5.
10. Sauerwald TU, Hachey DL, Jensen CL, et al. Intermediates in endogenous synthesis of C22:6w3 and C20:4w6 by term and preterm infants. Pediatr Res 1997;41:183-7. (Pubitemid 27066341)
11. Birch EE, Birch DG, Hoffman DR, et al. Dietary essential fatty acid supply and visual acuity development. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1992;33:3242-53.
12. Carlson SE,Werkman SH, Peeples JM, et al. Long-chain fatty acids and early visual and cognitive development of preterm infants. Eur J Clin Nutr 1994;48:S27-30. (Pubitemid 24245238)
13. Helland IB, Smith L, Saarem K, et al. Maternal supplementation with very-long-chain n-3 fatty acids during pregnancy and lactation augments children's IQ at 4 years of age. Pediatrics 2003;111:e39-44.
14. Koletzko B, Lien E, Agostoni C, et al. The roles of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in pregnancy, lactation and infancy: review of current knowledge and consensus recommendations. J Perinat Med 2008;36:5-14.
15. Agostoni C, Buonocore G, Carnielli VP, et al. Enteral nutrient supply for preterm infants: commentary from the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010;50:1-9.
16. Brenner RR. Nutritional and hormonal factors influencing desaturation of essential fatty acids. Prog Lipid Res 1981;20:41-7.
17. Emken EA, Adlof RO, Rakoff H, et al. Human metabolic studies with deuterated alpha-linolenic acid. Nutrition 1992;8:213-4.
18. Crozier G. Infant feeding: antioxidant aspects. In: Galli C, Simopoulos AP, Tremoli E, eds. Fatty Acids and Lipids: Biological Aspects. Basel: Karger; 1994:96-101.
19. Brandt I. Perzentilkurven für die Gewichtsentwicklung bei Früh- und Reifgeborenen in den ersten fünf Jahren [Percentiles for weight of preterm and term infants during the first five years of life]. der kinderarzt 1979;5:713-8.
20. Brandt I. Perzentilkurven für das Längenwachstum bei Früh- und Reifgeborenen in den ersten fünf Jahren [Percentiles for length of preterm and term infants during the first five years of life]. der kinderarzt 1980;1:43-51.
21. Brandt I. Perzentilkurven für das Kopfumfangswachstum bei Früh- und Reifgeborenen in den ersten sechs Jahren [Percentiles for head circumference of preterm and term infants during the first six years of life]. Kinderarzt 1979;10:185-8.
22. Koletzko B, Schmidt E, Bremer HJ, et al. Effects of dietary long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on the essential fatty acid status of premature infants. Eur J Pediatr 1989;148:669-75.
23. Kolarovic L, Fournier NC. A comparison of extraction methods for the isolation of phospholipids from biological sources. Anal Biochem 1986;156:244-50. (Pubitemid 16044426)
24. Carnielli VP, Pederzini F, Vittorangeli R, et al. Plasma and red blood cell fatty acid of very low birth weight infants fed exclusively with expressed preterm human milk. Pediatr Res 1996;39:671-9. (Pubitemid 26128156)
25. Fidler N, Sauerwald T, Pohl A, et al. Docosahexaenoic acid transfer into human milk after dietary supplementation: a randomised trial. J Lipid Res 2000;41:1376-83.
26. 13C content. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1995;21:31-6.
27. Gibson RA, Neumann MA, Makrides M. Effect of increasing breast milk docosahexaenoic acid on plasma and erythrocyte phospholipid fatty acids and neural indices of exclusively breast fed infants. Eur J Clin Nutr 1997;51:578-84. (Pubitemid 27424970)
28. Smithers LG, Gibson RA, McPhee A, et al. Effect of two doses of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the diet of preterm infants on infant fatty acid status: results from the DINO trial. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2008;79:141-6.
29. Clandinin MT, Garg ML, Parrott A, et al. Addition of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids to formula for very low birth weight infants. Lipids 1992;27:896-900.
30. Koletzko B, Edenhofer S, Lipowsky G, et al. Effects of a low birthweight infant formula containing human milk levels of docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acids. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1995;21:200-8.
31. Foreman-van Drongelen MMHP, van Houwelingen AC, Kester AD, et al. Influence of feeding artificial formula milks containing docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acids on the postnatal long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid status of healthy preterm infants. Br J Nutr 1996;76:649-67. (Pubitemid 26395293)
32. Boehm G, Borte M, Böhles HJ, et al. Docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid content of serum and red blood cell membrane phospholipids of preterm infants fed breast milk, standard formula or formula supplemented with n-3 and n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Eur J Pediatr 1996;155:410-6.
33. Hoffman DR, Uauy R. Essentiality of dietary omega 3 fatty acids for premature infants: plasma and red blood cell fatty acid composition. Lipids 1992;27:886-95.
34. O Connor DL, Hall R, Adamkin D, et al. Growth and development in preterm infants fed long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: a prospective, randomized controlled trial. Pediatrics 2001;108:359-71.
35. Koletzko B, Sauerwald U, Keicher U, et al. Fatty acid profiles, antioxidant status, and growth of preterm infants fed diets without or with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. A randomized clinical trial. Eur J Nutr 2003;42:243-53. (Pubitemid 37243583)
36. Marcel YL, Christiansen K, Holman RT. The preferred metabolic pathway from linoleic acid to arachidonic acid in vitro. Biochim Biophys Acta 1968;164:25-34.
37. Bernert JT, Sprecher H. Studies to determine the role rates of chain elongation and desaturation play in regulating the unsaturated fatty acid composition of rat liver lipids. Biochim Biophys Acta 1975;398:354-63.
38. Hassam AG, Sinclair AJ, Crawford MA. The incorporation of orally fed radioactive γ-linolenic acid and linoleic acid into the liver and brain lipids of suckling rats. Lipids 1975;10:417-20.
39. 5-20:3n-6 in newborn infants. Pediatr Res 2006;60:327-33. (Pubitemid 44267747)
40. Carlson SE, Cooke RJ, Rhodes PG, et al. Effect of vegetable and marine oils in preterm infant formulas on blood arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids. J Pediatr 1992;120:S159-67.
41. Innis SM. n-3 fatty acid requirements of the newborn. Lipids 1992;27:879-85.
42. 13C] alpha linolenic acid absorption, beta-oxidation and conversion to docosahexaenoic acid in the preterm infant fed a DHA-enriched formula. Pediatr Res 2006;59:271-5. (Pubitemid 43841001)
43. 13C linoleic acid in humans. Eur J Clin Invest 1999;29:603-9. (Pubitemid 29322372)
44. Emken EA, Adlof RO, Gulley RM. Dietary linoleic acid influences desaturation and acylation of deuterium-labeled linoleic and linolenic acids in young adult males. Biochim Biophys Acta 1994;1213:277-88. (Pubitemid 24262911)
45. Rohwedder WK, Duval SM, Wolf DJ, et al. Measurement of the metabolic interconversion of deuterium-labeled fatty acids by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Lipids 1990;25:401-5. (Pubitemid 20234691)
46. Hodson L, McQuaid SE, Karpe F, et al. Differences in partitioning of meal fatty acids into blood lipid fractions: a comparison of linoleate, oleate, and palmitate. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2009;296:E64-71.
47. Pawlosky RJ, Hibbeln JR, Novotny JA, et al. Physiological compartmental analysis of alpha-linolenic acid metabolism in adult humans. J Lipid Res 2001;42:1257-65. (Pubitemid 32744249)
48. 13C] alpha-linolenic acid to longer-chain fatty acids and partitioning towards b-oxidation in older men. Br J Nutr 2003;90:311-21. (Pubitemid 36992532)
49. Llanos A, Li Y, Mena P, et al. Infants with intrauterine growth restriction have impaired formation of docosahexaenoic acid in early neonatal life: a stable isotope study. Pediatr Res 2005;58:735-40. (Pubitemid 41368906)
50. Emken EA, Adlof RO, Gulley RM. Effect of dietary arachidonic acid on metabolism of deuterated linoleic acid by adult male subjects. Lipids 1998;33:471-80. (Pubitemid 28261950)