메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 30, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 291-307

DTC genetic testing companies fail transparency prescriptions

Author keywords

direct to consumer; ethics; genetic testing

Indexed keywords

DNA;

EID: 84857535084     PISSN: 14636778     EISSN: 14699915     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/14636778.2011.600434     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (16)

References (61)
  • 1
    • 70350234853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic variants associated with complex human diseases show wide variation across multiple populations
    • Adeyemo, A. and Rotimi, C., 2010. Genetic variants associated with complex human diseases show wide variation across multiple populations. Public Health Genomics, 13, 72-79.
    • (2010) Public Health Genomics , Issue.13 , pp. 72-79
    • Adeyemo, A.1    Rotimi, C.2
  • 2
    • 50349098191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Privacy issues in clinical genomic medicine or Marcus Welby M.D. meets the 1000 genome
    • Alpert, S., 2008. Privacy issues in clinical genomic medicine, or Marcus Welby, M.D., meets the 1000 genome. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, 17, 373-384.
    • (2008) Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics , vol.17 , pp. 373-384
    • Alpert, S.1
  • 3
    • 34347335667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guilt beyond a reasonable doubt
    • Altshuler, D. and Daly, M., 2007. Guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. Nature Genetics, 39 (7), 813-815.
    • (2007) Nature Genetics , vol.39 , Issue.7 , pp. 813-815
    • Altshuler, D.1    Daly, M.2
  • 4
    • 0842327454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACMG statement on direct-To-Consumer genetic testing
    • American College of Medicine Genetics
    • American College of Medicine Genetics, 2004. ACMG statement on direct-to-consumer genetic testing. Genetics in Medicine, 6 (1), 60
    • (2004) Genetics in Medicine , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 60
  • 5
    • 47749100117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct-to-consumer marketing of genetic testing
    • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 2008. Direct-to-consumer marketing of genetic testing. Obstetrics & Gynecology,111 ( 6), 1493-1494
    • (2008) Obstetrics & Gynecology , vol.111 , Issue.6 , pp. 1493-1494
  • 9
    • 58749104030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consumer-driven health care may not be what patients need - Caveat emptor
    • Berenson, R.A. and Cassel, C.K., 2009. Consumer-driven health care may not be what patients need - caveat emptor. Journal of the American Medical Association, 301 (3), 321-323.
    • (2009) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.301 , Issue.3 , pp. 321-323
    • Berenson, R.A.1    Cassel, C.K.2
  • 10
    • 36549010091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ethical challenges of direct-to-consumer genetic testing
    • Berg, C. and Fryer-Edwards, K., 2007. The ethical challenges of direct-to-consumer genetic testing. Journal of Business Ethics, 77, 17-31.
    • (2007) Journal of Business Ethics , vol.77 , pp. 17-31
    • Berg, C.1    Fryer-Edwards, K.2
  • 13
    • 65849113644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of genetic risk information and type of disease on perceived risk anticipated affect and expected consequences of genetic tests
    • Cameron, L.D., et al., 2009. Impact of genetic risk information and type of disease on perceived risk, anticipated affect, and expected consequences of genetic tests. Health Psychology, 28 (3), 307-316.
    • (2009) Health Psychology , vol.28 , Issue.3 , pp. 307-316
    • Cameron, L.D.1
  • 14
    • 70449715429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct-to-consumer genetics and health policy: A worst-case scenario
    • Caulfield, T., 2009. Direct-to-consumer genetics and health policy: a worst-case scenario? American Journal of Bioethics, 9 (6-7), 48-50.
    • (2009) American Journal of Bioethics , vol.9 , Issue.6-7 , pp. 48-50
    • Caulfield, T.1
  • 17
    • 84857572193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York: Free Press
    • Davies, K., 2010. The 1,000 genome. New York: Free Press.
    • (2010) 1000 Genome
    • Davies, K.1
  • 18
    • 84857521410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US System of oversight of genetic testing: A response to the charge of the Secretary of Health and Human Services
    • Accessed 10 November 2010, Department of Health and Human Services Health, and Society. Washington: Department of Health and Human Services online Available from:
    • Department of Health and Human Services, 2008. US System of oversight of genetic testing: a response to the charge of the Secretary of Health and Human Services. Report of the Secretary's Advisory Committee on Genetics, Health, and Society. Washington: Department of Health and Human Services [online]. Available from: http://oba.od.nih.gov/oba/SACGHS/reports/SACGHS-oversight-report.pdf [Accessed 10 November 2010].
    • (2008) Report of the Secretarys Advisory Committee on Genetics
  • 19
    • 79955027366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Department of Health and Human Services Washington: Department of Health and Human Services [online]. Available from: Accessed 11 November
    • GINA: The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008: Information for Researchers and Health Care Professionals 2009 Department of Health and Human Services Washington: Department of Health and Human Services [online]. Available from: Accessed 11 November http://www.genome.gov/Pages/PolicyEthics/ GeneticDiscrimination/GINAInfoDoc.pdf.
    • (2009) GINA: The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008: Information for Researchers and Health Care Professionals
  • 20
    • 79957577277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A quantitative analysis of adverse events and overwarning in drug labeling
    • Duke, J., Friedlin, J., and Ryan, P., 2011. A quantitative analysis of adverse events and "overwarning" in drug labeling. Archives of Internal Medicine, 171 (10), 944-946.
    • (2011) Archives of Internal Medicine , vol.171 , Issue.10 , pp. 944-946
    • Duke, J.1    Friedlin, J.2    Ryan, P.3
  • 21
    • 85045163814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Framing genetic risk: trust and credibility markers in online direct-to-consumer advertising for genetic testing
    • Einsiedel, E.F. and Geransar, R., 2009. Framing genetic risk: trust and credibility markers in online direct-to-consumer advertising for genetic testing. New Genetics and Society, 28 (4), 339-362.
    • (2009) New Genetics and Society , vol.28 , Issue.4 , pp. 339-362
    • Einsiedel, E.F.1    Geransar, R.2
  • 22
    • 69549122599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct to consumer genetic testing: Avoiding a culture war
    • Evans, J.P. and Green, R.C., 2009. Direct to consumer genetic testing: avoiding a culture war. Genetics in Medicine, 11 (8), 568-569.
    • (2009) Genetics in Medicine , vol.11 , Issue.8 , pp. 568-569
    • Evans, J.P.1    Green, R.C.2
  • 23
    • 69249091037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct-to-consumer genetic testing: Two sides of the coin
    • Farkas, D.H. and Holland, C.A., 2009. Direct-to-consumer genetic testing: two sides of the coin. Journal of Molecular Diagnostics, 1 (4), 263-265.
    • (2009) Journal of Molecular Diagnostics , vol.1 , Issue.4 , pp. 263-265
    • Farkas, D.H.1    Holland, C.A.2
  • 25
    • 84857517948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetics & Public Policy Center 28 May online Available from [Accessed 30 October 2010].
    • Genetics & Public Policy Center 2010. Updated chart of direct-to-consumer genetic testing companies available, 28 May [online]. Available from http://www.dnapolicy.org/news.release. php?action= detail&pressrelease-id=137 [Accessed 30 October 2010].
    • (2010) Updated Chart Of Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing Companies Available
  • 26
    • 41449113701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating online direct-to-consumer marketing of genetic tests: Informed choices or buyers beware
    • Geransar, R. and Einsiedel, E., 2008. Evaluating online direct-to-consumer marketing of genetic tests: informed choices or buyers beware? Genetic Testing, 12 (1), 13-23.
    • (2008) Genetic Testing , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 13-23
    • Geransar, R.1    Einsiedel, E.2
  • 27
    • 58949084500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health-related direct-to-consumer genetic tests: A public health assessment and analysis of practices related to Internet-based tests for risk of thrombosis
    • Goddard, K.A.B., et al., 2008. Health-related direct-to-consumer genetic tests: a public health assessment and analysis of practices related to Internet-based tests for risk of thrombosis. Public Health Genomics, 12, 92-104.
    • (2008) Public Health Genomics , vol.12 , pp. 92-104
    • Goddard, K.A.B.1
  • 28
    • 0037048668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limitations of direct-to-consumer advertising for clinical genetic testing
    • Gollust, S.E., Hull, S.C., and Wilfond, B.S., 2002. Limitations of direct-to-consumer advertising for clinical genetic testing. Journal of American Medical Association, 288 (14), 1762-1767.
    • (2002) Journal of American Medical Association , vol.288 , Issue.14 , pp. 1762-1767
    • Gollust, S.E.1    Hull, S.C.2    Wilfond, B.S.3
  • 29
    • 0042525886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct-to-consumer sales of genetic services on the Internet
    • Gollust, S.E.,Wilfond, B.S., and Hull, S.C., 2003. Direct-to-consumer sales of genetic services on the Internet. Genetics in Medicine, 5 (4), 332-337.
    • (2003) Genetics in Medicine , vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp. 332-337
    • Gollust, S.E.1    Wilfond, B.S.2    Hull, S.C.3
  • 30
    • 70349086161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic ancestry social classification and racial inequalities in blood pressure in Southeastern Puerto Rico
    • online]. Available from: [Accessed 15 December 2010]. 0006821
    • Gravlee, C.C., Non, A.L., and Mulligan, C.J., 2009. Genetic ancestry, social classification, and racial inequalities in blood pressure in Southeastern Puerto Rico. PLoS One, 4 (9), e6821 [online]. Available from: http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone. 0006821 [Accessed 15 December 2010].
    • (2009) PLoS One , vol.4 , Issue.9
    • Gravlee, C.C.1    Non, A.L.2    Mulligan, C.J.3
  • 32
    • 77954224074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myths misconceptions and myopia: Searching for clarity in the debate about the regulation of consumer genetics
    • Hogarth, S., 2010. Myths, misconceptions and myopia: searching for clarity in the debate about the regulation of consumer genetics. Public Health Genomics, 13, 322-326.
    • (2010) Public Health Genomics , Issue.13 , pp. 322-326
    • Hogarth, S.1
  • 33
    • 35348957507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ASHG statement on direct-to-consumer genetic testing in the United States
    • Hudson, K., et al., 2007. ASHG statement on direct-to-consumer genetic testing in the United States. American Journal of Human Genetics, 81, 635-637.
    • (2007) American Journal of Human Genetics , vol.81 , pp. 635-637
    • Hudson, K.1
  • 34
    • 38049130261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Letting the genome out of the bottle - Will we get our wish
    • Hunter, D.J., Khoury, M.J., and Drazen, J.M., 2008. Letting the genome out of the bottle - will we get our wish? New England Journal of Medicine, 358 (2), 105-107.
    • (2008) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.358 , Issue.2 , pp. 105-107
    • Hunter, D.J.1    Khoury, M.J.2    Drazen, J.M.3
  • 35
    • 41149120561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critical appraisal of the scientific basis of commercial genomic profiles used to assess health risks and personalize health interventions
    • Janssens, A.C.J.W., et al., 2008. A critical appraisal of the scientific basis of commercial genomic profiles used to assess health risks and personalize health interventions. American Journal of Human Genetics, 82, 593-599.
    • (2008) American Journal of Human Genetics , vol.82 , pp. 593-599
    • Janssens, A.C.J.W.1
  • 36
    • 33645419756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public implications of genetic testing: Not just for geneticists anymore
    • Javitt, G.H., 2006. Public implications of genetic testing: not just for geneticists anymore. Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease, 13 (2), 178-182.
    • (2006) Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 178-182
    • Javitt, G.H.1
  • 37
    • 70449706164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct-to-consumer personal genome testing: The problem is not ignorance - It is market failure
    • Jordens, C.F.C., Kerridge, I.H., and Samuel, G.N., 2009. Direct-to-consumer personal genome testing: the problem is not ignorance - it is market failure. American Journal of Bioethics, 9 (6-7), 13-15.
    • (2009) American Journal of Bioethics , vol.9 , Issue.6-7 , pp. 13-15
    • Jordens, C.F.C.1    Kerridge, I.H.2    Samuel, G.N.3
  • 38
    • 65949099120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic risk prediction - Are we there yet
    • Kraft, P. and Hunter, D.J., 2009. Genetic risk prediction - are we there yet? New England Journal of Medicine, 360, 1701-1703.
    • (2009) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.360 , pp. 1701-1703
    • Kraft, P.1    Hunter, D.J.2
  • 39
  • 40
    • 84857519890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct-to-consumer genetic tests
    • US Government Accountability Office, 22 July online Available from Accessed 20 October 2010].
    • Kutz, G., 2010. Direct-to-consumer genetic tests. Testimony before the House Energy and Commerce subcommittee on oversight and investigations. US Government Accountability Office, 22 July [online]. Available from http://energycommerce.house.gov/documents/20100722/Kutz. Testimony.07.22.2010. pdf [Accessed 20 October 2010].
    • (2010) Testimony Before the House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations
    • Kutz, G.1
  • 42
    • 57749195311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct-to-consumer marketing of predictive medicine genetic tests: Assessment of current practices and policy recommendations
    • Liu, Y. and Pearson, Y.E., 2008. Direct-to-consumer marketing of predictive medicine genetic tests: assessment of current practices and policy recommendations. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 27 (2), 131-148.
    • (2008) Journal of Public Policy & Marketing , vol.27 , Issue.2 , pp. 131-148
    • Liu, Y.1    Pearson, Y.E.2
  • 43
    • 58149233903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of direct-to-consumer marketing of cancer genetic testing on women according to their genetic risk
    • Lowery, J.T., et al., 2008. The impact of direct-to-consumer marketing of cancer genetic testing on women according to their genetic risk. Genetics in Medicine, 10 (12), 888-894.
    • (2008) Genetics in Medicine , vol.10 , Issue.12 , pp. 888-894
    • Lowery, J.T.1
  • 44
    • 70449733214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct-to-consumer tests: Beyond medical regulation
    • Magnus, D., Cho, M.K., and Cook-Deegan, R., 2009. Direct-to-consumer tests: beyond medical regulation? Genome Medicine, 1 (2), 17.1-17.3.
    • (2009) Genome Medicine , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 171-173
    • Magnus, D.1    Cho, M.K.2    Cook-Deegan, R.3
  • 45
    • 77954407332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genomewide association studies and assessment of the risk of disease
    • Manolio, T.A., 2010. Genomewide association studies and assessment of the risk of disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 363, 166-176.
    • (2010) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.363 , pp. 166-176
    • Manolio, T.A.1
  • 46
    • 57449092873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An unwelcome side effect of direct-to-consumer personalgenome testing
    • McGuire, A.L. and Burke, W., 2008. An unwelcome side effect of direct-to-consumer personalgenome testing. Journal of the American Medical Association, 300 (22), 2669-2671.
    • (2008) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.300 , Issue.22 , pp. 2669-2671
    • McGuire, A.L.1    Burke, W.2
  • 47
    • 84857586590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FDA warns companies about direct-to-consumer genetics tests
    • 5 August
    • Morgan, M., 2010. FDA warns companies about direct-to-consumer genetics tests. Neurology Today, 5 August, p. 28.
    • (2010) Neurology Today , pp. 28
    • Morgan, M.1
  • 48
    • 1842739564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caveat emptor: Direct-to-consumer supply and advertising of genetic testing
    • Mykitiuk, R., 2004. Caveat emptor: direct-to-consumer supply and advertising of genetic testing. Clinical and Investigative Medicine, 27 (1), 23-32.
    • (2004) Clinical and Investigative Medicine , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-32
    • Mykitiuk, R.1
  • 49
    • 70349943777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An agenda for personalized medicine
    • Ng, P.C., et al., 2009. An agenda for personalized medicine. Nature, 461 (7265), 724-736.
    • (2009) Nature , vol.461 , Issue.7265 , pp. 724-736
    • Ng, P.C.1
  • 51
  • 53
    • 84857521414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 24 August Venture Beat [online]. Available from: Accessed 12 November 2010
    • Ricketts, C., 24 August 2009. Complete Genomics seals $45M for cheaper gene sequencing. Venture Beat [online]. Available from: http://venturebeat.com/2009/08/24/complete-genomics-seals- 45m-for-cheaper-gene- sequencing/[Accessed 12 November 2010].
    • (2009) Complete Genomics Seals 45M for Cheaper Gene Sequencing
    • Ricketts, C.1
  • 54
    • 0031012303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethical issues in genetic research: Disclosure and informed consent
    • Reilly, P.R., Boshar, M.F., and Holtzman, S.H., 1997. Ethical issues in genetic research: disclosure and informed consent. Nature Genetics, 15, 16-20.
    • (1997) Nature Genetics , vol.15 , pp. 16-20
    • Reilly, P.R.1    Boshar, M.F.2    Holtzman, S.H.3
  • 55
    • 65249168697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The value of information and the ethics of personal-genomic screening
    • Schwartz, P.H., 2009. The value of information and the ethics of personal-genomic screening. American Journal of Bioethics, 9 (4), 26-27.
    • (2009) American Journal of Bioethics , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 26-27
    • Schwartz, P.H.1
  • 56
    • 84857519892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Email to N. Lewis (nlewis@jou.ufl.edu, 16 June
    • Scott, J. (jscott22@jdh.edu), 16 June 2010. Re: DTC company chart. Email to N. Lewis (nlewis@jou.ufl.edu).
    • (2010) Re: DTC Company Chart
    • Scott, J.1
  • 57
    • 77956409938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct-to-consumer genetic testing: Ethical-legal perspectives and practical considerations
    • Tamir, S., 2010. Direct-to-consumer genetic testing: ethical-legal perspectives and practical considerations. Medical Law Review, 18, 213-238.
    • (2010) Medical Law Review , Issue.18 , pp. 213-238
    • Tamir, S.1
  • 58
    • 84874116269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • While you were meeting: FDA mails letters to 14 more genetic test providers
    • 21 July online Available from: Accessed 12 November 2010
    • Vorhaus, D., 21 July 2010. While you were meeting: FDA mails letters to 14 more genetic test providers. Genomics Law Report [online]. Available from: http://www.genomicslawreport. com/index.php/2010/07/21/14-more-fda-letters/ [Accessed 12 November 2010].
    • (2010) Genomics Law Report
    • Vorhaus, D.1
  • 59
    • 70449732432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct-to-consumer genomics and research ethics: Should a more robust informedconsent process be included
    • Wasson, K., 2009. Direct-to-consumer genomics and research ethics: should a more robust informedconsent process be included? American Journal of Bioethics, 9 (6-7), 56-58.
    • (2009) American Journal of Bioethics , vol.9 , Issue.6-7 , pp. 56-58
    • Wasson, K.1
  • 60
    • 77953417994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genomics in our own hands
    • Williams, R., 2010. Genomics in our own hands. The Lancet Neurology, 9, 656-657.
    • (2010) Lancet Neurology , Issue.9 , pp. 656-657
    • Williams, R.1
  • 61
    • 0037942643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Where theres a Web theres a way: Commercial genetic testing and the Internet
    • Williams-Jones, B., 2003. Where there's a Web, there's a way: commercial genetic testing and the Internet. Community Genetics, 6, 46-57.
    • (2003) Community Genetics , vol.6 , pp. 46-57
    • Williams-Jones, B.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.