Surgical treatment for early osteoarthritis. Part II: Allografts and concurrent procedures

Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy

Volumn 20, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 468-486

  Gomoll, A H ^a   Filardo, G ^b   Almqvist, F K ^c   Bugbee, W D ^d   Jelic, M ^e   Monllau, J C ^f   Puddu, G ^g   Rodkey, W G ^h   Verdonk, P ^c   Verdonk, R ^c   Zaffagnini, S ^b   Marcacci, M ^b  

^a BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b RIZZOLI ORTHOPAEDIC INSTITUTE   (Italy)

^c GHENT UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Belgium)

^d SCRIPPS CLINIC   (United States)

^e KBC Zagreb   (Croatia)

^f UNIVERSITAT AUTÒNOMA DE BARCELONA   (Spain)

^g Clinica Valle Giulia   (Italy)

^h STEADMAN PHILIPPON RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

Allografts; Concurrent procedures; Early osteoarthritis; Knee; Surgical treatment

Indexed keywords

ALLOTRANSPLANTATION; ARTICULAR CARTILAGE; DISEASE COURSE; HUMAN; KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS; OSTEOTOMY; REVIEW; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

CARTILAGE, ARTICULAR; DISEASE PROGRESSION; HUMANS; OSTEOARTHRITIS, KNEE; OSTEOTOMY; TRANSPLANTATION, HOMOLOGOUS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84857445223     PISSN: 09422056     EISSN: 14337347     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00167-011-1714-7     Document Type: Review

References (117)

1. Almqvist KF, Dhollander AAM, Verdonk P, Forsyth R, Verdonk R, Verbruggen G (2009) Treatment of cartilage defects in the knee using alginate beads containing human mature allogenic chondrocytes. Am J Sports Med 37: 1920-1929.
2. Badhe NP, Forster IW (2002) High tibial osteotomy in knee instability: the rationale of treatment and early results. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 10: 38-43.
3. Beaconsfield T, Pintore E, Maffulli N, Petri GJ (1994) Radiological measurements in patellofemoral disorders. A review. Clin Orthop Relat Res 308: 18-28.
4. Beaufils P (2010) Synthesis. The meniscus. Springer, Berlin, pp 67-68.
5. Beck PR, Thomas AL, Farr J, Lewis PB, Cole BJ (2005) Trochlear contact pressures after anteromedialization of the tibial tubercle. Am J Sports Med 33: 1710-1715.
6. Bellemans J (2010) Arthroscopic Technique Without Plugs. In: Beaufils P, Verdonk R (eds) The meniscus. Springer, Berlin, pp 333-341.
7. Bhosale AM, Myint P, Roberts S, Menage J, Harrison P, Ashton B, Smith T, McCall I, Richardson JB (2007) Combined autologous chondrocyte implantation and allogenic meniscus transplantation: a biological knee replacement. Knee 14: 361-368.
8. Brinkman J-M, Lobenhoffer P, Agneskirchner JD, Staubli AE, Wymenga AB, van Heerwaarden RJ (2008) Osteotomies around the knee: patient selection, stability of fixation and bone healing in high tibial osteotomies. J Bone Joint Surg Br 90: 1548-1557.
9. Brittberg M, Lindahl A, Nilsson A, Ohlsson C, Isaksson O, Peterson L (1994) Treatment of deep cartilage defects in the knee with autologous chondrocyte transplantation. N Engl J Med 331: 889-895.
10. Brouwer RW, Bierma-Zeinstra SM, Raaij van TM, Verhaar J (2006) Osteotomy for medial compartment arthritis of the knee using a closing wedge or an opening wedge controlled by a Puddu plate. A one-year randomised, controlled study. J Bone Joint Surg Br 88: 1454-1459.
11. Brouwer RW, Raaij van TM, Bierma-Zeinstra SM, Verhagen AP, Jakma TS, Verhaar J (2007) Osteotomy for treating knee osteoarthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 18: CD004019.
12. Bulgheroni P, Murena L, Ratti C, Bulgheroni E, Ronga M, Cherubino P (2010) Follow-up of collagen meniscus implant patients: clinical, radiological, and magnetic resonance imaging results at 5 years. Knee 17: 224-229.
13. Cameron JC, Saha S (1997) Meniscal allograft transplantation for unicompartmental arthritis of the knee. Clin Orthop Relat Res 337: 164-171.
14. Chambat P, Selmi TA, DeJour D, Denoyers J (2000) Varus tibial osteotomy. Oper Tech Sports Med 8: 44-47.
15. Cohen ZA, Henry JH, McCarthy DM, Mow VC, Ateshian GA (2003) Computer simulations of patellofemoral joint surgery. Patient-specific models for tuberosity transfer. Am J Sports Med 31: 87-98.
16. Cole BJ, Cohen B (2000) Chondral injuries of the knee. A contemporary view of cartilage restoration. Orthop Spec Ed 6: 71-76.
17. Cole BJ, Carter TR, Rodeo SA (2003) Allograft meniscal transplantation: background, techniques, and results. Instr Course Lect 52: 383-396.
18. Cole BJ, Dennis MG, Lee SJ, Nho SJ, Kalsi RS, Hayden JK, Verma NN (2006) Prospective evaluation of allograft meniscus transplantation: a minimum 2-year follow-up. Am J Sports Med 34: 919-927.
19. Coventry MB, Ilstrup DM, Wallrichs SL (1993) Proximal tibial osteotomy. A critical long-term study of eighty-seven cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am 75: 196-201.
20. Deehan DJ, Murray JD, Birdsall PD, Pinder IM (2006) Quality of life after knee revision arthroplasty. Acta Orthop 77: 761-766.
21. Dejour H, Walch G, Nove-Josserand L, Guier C (1994) Factors of patellar instability: an anatomic radiographic study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2: 19-26.
22. Dugdale TW, Noyes FR, Styer D (1992) Preoperative planning for high tibial osteotomy. The effect of lateral tibiofemoral separation and tibiofemoral length. Clin Orthop Relat Res 274: 248-264.
23. Efe T, Ahmed G, Heyse TJ, Boudriot U, Timmesfeld N, Fuchs-Winkelmann S, Ishaque B, Lakemeier S, Schofer MD (2011) Closing-wedge high tibial osteotomy: survival and risk factor analysis at long-term follow up. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 12: 46.
24. Emmerson BC, Görtz S, Jamali AA, Chung C, Amiel D, Bugbee WD (2007) Fresh osteochondral allografting in the treatment of osteochondritis dissecans of the femoral condyle. Am J Sports Med 35: 907-914.
25. Farr J (2007) Autologous chondrocyte implantation improves patellofemoral cartilage treatment outcomes. Clin Orthop Relat Res 463: 187-194.
26. Farr J, Yao J (2010) Chondral defect repair with particulated juvenile cartilage allograft. e-poster 3863, ICRS meeting 2010, Sitges/Barcelona.
27. Farr J, Rawal A, Marberry KM (2007) Concomitant meniscal allograft transplantation and autologous chondrocyte implantation: minimum 2-year follow-up. Am J Sports Med 35: 1459-1466.
28. Franco V, Cerullo G, Cipolla M, Gianni E, Puddu G (2002) Open wedge high tibial osteotomy. Tech Knee Surg 1: 43-53.
29. Frisbie DD, Lu Y, Colhoun HA, Kawcak CE, Binette F, McIlwraith CW (2005) In vivo evaluation of a one step autologous cartilage resurfacing technique in a long term equine model. In: Transactions of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, Washington.
30. Garrett J (1993) Meniscal transplantation: a review of 43 cases with 2- to 7-year follow-up. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev 1: 164-167.
31. Green WT Jr (1971) Behavior of articular chondrocytes in cell culture. Clin Orthop Relat Res 75: 248-260.
32. Gross AE, Kim W et al (2008) Fresh osteochondral allografts for posttraumatic knee defects: long-term followup. Clin Orthop Relat Res 466: 1863-1870.
33. Gstöttner M, Pedross F, Liebensteiner M, Bach C (2008) Long-term outcome after high tibial osteotomy. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 128: 111-115.
34. Guo JF, Jourdian GW, MacCallum DK (1989) Culture and growth characteristics of chondrocytes encapsulated in alginate beads. Connect Tissue Res 19: 277-297.
35. Görtz S, Bugbee WD (2007) Allografts in articular cartilage repair. Instr Course Lect 56: 469-480.
36. Görtz S, De Young A et al (2009) Fresh osteochondral allograft transplantation for bipolar cartilage lesions of the knee. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Las Vegas, NV: Paper No 513.
37. Görtz S, De Young AJ, Bugbee WD (2010) Fresh osteochondral allografting for steroid-associated osteonecrosis of the femoral condyles. Clin Orthop Relat Res 468: 1269-1278.
38. Healy WL, Anglen JO, Wasilewski SA, Krackow KA (1988) Distal femoral varus osteotomy. J Bone Joint Surg Am 70: 102-109.
39. Henderson IJ, Lavigne P (2006) Periosteal autologous chondrocyte implantation for patellar chondral defect in patients with normal and abnormal patellar tracking. Knee 13: 274-279.
40. Hernigou P, Medevielle D, Debeyre J, Goutallier D (1987) Proximal tibial osteotomy for osteoarthritis with varus deformity. A ten to thirteen-year follow-up study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 69: 332-354.
41. Holz U (1985) Forms and Techniques of the Supracondylar Femoral Osteotomy. In: Hierholzer G, Muller KH (eds) Corrective osteotomies of the lower extremity. Springer, Berlin, pp 225-231.
42. Hommen JP, Applegate GR, Del Pizzo W (2007) Meniscus allograft transplantation: ten-year results of cryopreserved allografts. Arthroscopy 23: 388-393.
43. Jobanputra P, Corrigall V, Kingsley G, Panayi G (1992) Cellular responses to human chondrocytes: absence of allogeneic responses in the presence of HLA-DR and ICAM-1. Clin Exp Immunol 90: 336-344.
44. Johnson DL, Bealle D (1999) Meniscal allograft trans-plantation. Clin Sports Med 18: 93-108.
45. Kanamiya T, Naito M, Hara M, Yoshimura I (2002) The influences of biomechanical factors on cartilage regeneration after high tibial osteotomy for knees with medial compartment osteoarthritis: clinical and arthroscopic observations. Arthroscopy 18: 725-729.
46. Kang SN, Smith TO, Sprenger De Rover WB, Walton NP (2011) Pre-operative patellofemoral degenerative changes do not affect the outcome after medial Oxford unicompartmental knee replacement: a report from an independent centre. J Bone Joint Surg Br 93: 476-478.
47. Kohn D, Moreno B (1995) Meniscus insertion anatomy as a basis for meniscus replacement: a morphological cadaveric study. Arthroscopy 11: 96-103.
48. Koshino T, Wada S, Ara Y, Saito T (2003) Regeneration of degenerated articular cartilage after high tibial valgus osteotomy for medial compartmental osteoarthritis of the knee. Knee 10: 229-236.
49. Kuettner KE, Memoli VA, Pauli BU, Wrobel NC, Thonar EJ, Daniel JC (1982) Synthesis of cartilage matrix by mammalian chondrocytes in vitro. II. Maintenance of collagen and proteoglycan phenotype. J Cell Biol 93: 751-757.
50. Linke RD, Ulmer M, Imhoff AB (2006) Replacement of the meniscus with a collagen implant (CMI). Oper Orthop Traumatol 18: 453-462.
51. Lonner JH, Hershman S, Mont M, Lotke PA (2000) Total knee arthroplasty in patients 40 years of age and younger with osteoarthritis. Clin Orthop Relat Res 380: 85-90.
52. Majima T, Yasuda K, Aoki Y, Minami A (2008) Impact of patellofemoral osteoarthritis on long-term outcome of high tibial osteotomy and effects of ventralization of tibial tubercle. J Orthop Sci 13: 192-197.
53. Marcacci M, Zaffagnini S, Giordano G, Marcheggiani Muccioli GM, Bruni D, Halvadjian R (2006) High tibial osteotomy: the Italian experience. Oper Tech Orthop 17: 22-28.
54. Marti RK, Verhagen RA, Kerkhoffs GM, Moojen TM (2001) Proximal tibial varus osteotomy. Indications, technique, and five to twenty-one-year results. J Bone Joint Surg Am 83-A: 164-170.
55. Milachowski KA, Weismeier K, Wirth CJ (1989) Homologous meniscus transplantation. Experimental and clinical results. Int Orthop 13: 1-11.
56. Miller BS, Downie B, McDonough EB, Wojtys EM (2009) Complications after medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy. Arthroscopy 25: 639-646.
57. Minas T, Bryant T (2005) The role of autologous chondrocyte implantation in the patellofemoral joint. Clin Orthop Relat Res 468: 30-39.
58. Monllau JC, Gelber PE, Abat F, Pelfort X, Abad R, Hinarejos P, Tey M (2011) Outcome after partial medial meniscus substitution with the collagen meniscal implant at a minimum of 10 years' follow-up. Arthroscopy 27: 933-943.
59. Naudie DD, Amendola A, Fowler PJ (2004) Opening wedge high tibial osteotomy for symptomatic hyperextension-varus thrust. Am J Sports Med 32: 60-70.
60. Noyes FR (1995) Irradiated meniscus allografts in the human knee: a two to five year follow-up. Orthop Trans 19: 417.
61. Noyes FR, Barber-Westin SD, Hewett TE (2000) High tibial osteotomy and ligament reconstruction for varus angulated anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knees. Am J Sports Med 28: 282-296.
62. Noyes FR, Barber-Westin SD, Rankin M (2004) Meniscal transplantation in symptomatic patients less than fifty years old. J Bone Joint Surg Am 86-A: 1392-1404.
63. Noyes FR, Mayfield W, Barber-Westin SD, Albright JC, Heckmann TP (2006) Opening wedge high tibial osteotomy: an operative technique and rehabilitation program to decrease complications and promote early union and function. Am J Sports Med 34: 1262-1273.
64. Odenbring S, Egund N, Lindstrand A, Lohmander LS, Willén H (1992) Cartilage regeneration after proximal tibial osteotomy for medial gonarthrosis. An arthroscopic, roentgenographic, and histologic study. Clin Orthop Relat Res 277: 210-216.
65. Paletta GA Jr, Manning T, Snell E, Parker R, Bergfeld J (1997) The effect of allograft meniscal replacement on intraarticular contact area and pressures in the human knee. A biomechanical study. Am J Sports Med 25: 692-698.
66. Park DY, Chung DB et al (2006) Fresh osteochondral allografts for younger, active individuals with osteoarthrosis of the knee. International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) meeting, San Diego.
67. Pascual-Garrido C, Slabaugh MA, L'Heureux DR, Friel NA, Cole BJ (2009) Recommendations and treatment outcomes for patellofemoral articular cartilage defects with autologous chondrocyte implantation: prospective evaluation at average 4-year follow-up. Am J Sports Med 37(Suppl 1): 33S-41S.
68. Pidoriano AJ, Weinstein RN, Buuck DA, Fulkerson JP (1997) Correlation of patellar articular lesions with results from anteromedial tibial tubercle transfer. Am J Sports Med 25: 533-537.
69. Poignard A, Flouzat Lachaniette CH, Amzallag J, Hernigou P (2010) Revisiting high tibial osteotomy: fifty years of experience with the opening-wedge technique. J Bone Joint Surg Am 92(Suppl 2): 187-195.
70. Pollard ME, Kang Q, Berg EE (1995) Radiographic sizing for meniscal transplantation. Arthroscopy 11: 684-687.
71. Preston CF, Fulkerson EW, Meislin R, Di Cesare PE (2005) Osteotomy about the knee: applications, techniques, and results. J Knee Surg 18: 258-272.
72. Puddu G, Cipolla M, Cerullo G, Franco V, Giannì E (2010) Which osteotomy for a valgus knee? Int Orthop 34: 239-247.
73. Rand JA, Trousdale RT, Ilstrup DM, Harmsen WS (2003) Factors affecting the durability of primary total knee prostheses. J Bone Joint Surg Am 85-A: 259-265.
74. Rijk PC (2004) Meniscal allograft transplantation-part I: background, results, graft selection and preservation, and surgical considerations. Arthroscopy 20: 728-743.
75. Rinonapoli E, Mancini GB, Corvaglia A, Musiello S (1998) Tibial osteotomy for varus gonarthrosis. A 10- to 21-year followup study. Clin Orthop Relat Res 353: 185-193.
76. Robertsson O, Dunbar M, Pehrsson T, Knutson K, Lidgren L (2000) Patient satisfaction after knee arthroplasty: a report on 27, 372 knees operated on between 1981 and 1995 in Sweden. Acta Orthop Scand 71: 262-267.
77. Rodeo SA (2001) Meniscal allografts-where do we stand? Am J Sports Med 29: 246-261.
78. Rodkey WG (2010) MenaflexTM Collagen Meniscus Implants: Basic science. In: Beaufils P, Verdonk R (eds) The meniscus. Springer, Berlin, pp 367-371.
79. Rodkey WG, Briggs KK, Steadman JR (2007) Survivorship analysis confirms that collagen meniscus implants (CMI) decrease reoperation rates in chronic patients. Osteoarthr Cartil 15(Suppl): B87.
80. Rodkey WG, Briggs KK, Steadman JR (2007) Collagen Meniscus Implant (CMI)-treated patients have increased activity levels after two years. Osteoarthr Cartil 15(Suppl): B86.
81. Rodkey WG, Briggs KK, Steadman JR (2008) Collagen Meniscus Implants (CMI) decrease reoperation rates in chronic knee patients compared to meniscectomy only: a 5-year survivorship analysis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 16(Suppl 1): S14.
82. Rodkey WG, Briggs KK, Steadman JR (2010) Function and return to activity outcomes six years after partial meniscectomy vs. collagen meniscus implants assessed with Lysholm scores and Tegner index. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 18(Suppl 1): S14-S15.
83. Rodkey WG, DeHaven KE, Montgomery WH III, Baker CL Jr, Beck CL Jr, Hormel SE, Steadman JR, Cole BJ, Briggs KK (2008) Comparison of the collagen meniscus implant with partial meniscectomy. A prospective randomized trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am 90: 1413-1426.
84. Rue JH, Yanke AB, Busam ML, McNickle AG, Cole BJ (2008) Prospective evaluation of concurrent meniscus transplantation and articular cartilage repair: minimum 2-year follow-up. Am J Sports Med 36: 1770-1778.
85. Ryu RK, Dunbar VWH, Morse GG (2002) Meniscal allograft replacement: a 1-year to 6-year experience. Arthroscopy 18: 989-994.
86. Saleh KJ, Arendt EA, Eldridge J, Fulkerson JP, Minas T, Mulhall KJ (2005) Symposium. Operative treatment of patellofemoral arthritis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 87: 659-671.
87. Salzmann GM, Ahrens P, Naal FD, El-Azab H, Spang JT, Jeffrey T, Imhoff AB, Lorenz S (2009) Sporting activity after high tibial osteotomy for the treatment of medial compartment knee osteoarthritis. Am J Sports Med 37: 312-318.
88. Saragaglia D, Blaysat M, Inman D, Mercier N (2010) Outcome of opening wedge high tibial osteotomy augmented with a Biosorb® wedge and fixed with a plate and screws in 124 patients with a mean of ten years follow-up. Int Orthop 35: 1151-1156.
89. Sekiya JK, Ellingson CI (2006) Meniscal allograft transplantation. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 14: 164-174.
90. Sgaglione NA, Chen E, Bert JM, Amendola A, Bugbee WD (2010) Current strategies for nonsurgical, arthroscopic, and minimally invasive surgical treatment of knee cartilage pathology. Instr Course Lect 59: 157-180.
91. Shasha N, Krywulak S, Backstein D, Pressman A, Gross AE (2003) Long-term follow-up of fresh tibial osteochondral allografts for failed tibial plateau fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am 85-A(Suppl 2): 33-39.
92. Sheng P, Konttinen L, Lehto M, Ogino D, Jämsen E, Nevalainen J, Pajamäki J, Halonen P, Konttinen YT (2006) Revision total knee arthroplasty: 1990 through 2002. A review of the Finnish arthroplasty registry. J Bone Joint Surg Am 88: 1425-1430.
93. Sibanda N, Copley LP, Lewsey JD, Borroff M, Gregg P, MacGregor AJ, Pickford M, Porter M, Tucker K, van der Meulen JH (2008) Revision rates after primary hip and knee replacement in England between 2003 and 2006. PLoS Med 5: e179.
94. Smith TO, Sexton D, Mitchell P, Hing CB (2010) Opening or closing-wedged high tibial osteotomy: a meta-analysis of clinical and radiological outcomes. Knee. doi: 10. 1016/j. knee. 2010. 10. 001.
95. Song EK, Seon JK, Park SJ, Jeong MS (2010) The complications of high tibial osteotomy: closing versus opening-wedge methods. J Bone Joint Surg Br 92: 1245-1252.
96. Spahn G (2004) Complications in high tibial (medial opening wedge) osteotomy. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 124: 649-653.
97. Spahn G, Kirschbaum S, Kahl E (2006) Factors that influence high tibial osteotomy results in patients with medial gonarthritis: a score to predict the results. Osteoarthr Cartil 14: 190-195.
98. Torga Spak R, Teitge RA (2006) Fresh osteochondral allografts for patellofemoral arthritis: long-term followup. Clin Orthop Relat Res 444: 193-200.
99. Sprenger TR, Doerzbacher JF (2003) Tibial osteotomy for the treatment of varus gonarthrosis. Survival and failure analysis to twenty-two years. J Bone Joint Surg Am 85-A: 469-474.
100. Stone KR, Walgenbach AW, Turek TJ, Freyer A, Hill MD (2006) Meniscus allograft survival in patients with moderate to severe unicompartmental arthritis: a 2- to 7-year follow-up. Arthroscopy 22: 469-478.
101. Szomor ZL, Martin TE, Bonar F, Murrell GA (2000) The protective effects of meniscal transplantation on cartilage. An experimental study in sheep. J Bone Joint Surg Am 82: 80-88.
102. Tang WC, Henderson IJ (2005) High tibial osteotomy: long term survival analysis and patients' perspective. Knee 12: 410-413.
103. Vazquez-Vela Johnson G, Worland RL, Keenan J, Norambuena N (2003) Patient demographics as a predictor of the ten-year survival rate in primary total knee replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Br 85: 52-56.
104. Verdonk P, Verdonk R (2010) Open Technique. In: Beaufils P, Verdonk R (eds) The meniscus. Springer, Berlin, pp 327-331.
105. Verdonk P, van Laer M, ElAttar M, Almqvist KF, Verdonk R (2010) Results and Indications. In: Beaufils P, Verdonk R (eds) The Meniscus. Springer, Berlin, pp 349-363.
106. Verdonk PC, Demurie A, Almqvist KF, Veys EM, Verbruggen G, Verdonk R (2005) Transplantation of viable meniscal allograft. Survivorship analysis and clinical outcome of one hundred cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am 87: 715-724.
107. Verdonk PC, Verstraete KL, Almqvist KF, De Cuyper K, Veys EM, Verbruggen G, Verdonk R (2006) Meniscal allograft transplantation: long-term clinical results with radiological and magnetic resonance imaging correlations. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 14: 694-706.
108. Verdonk R (2010) Synthesis. In: Beaufils P, Verdonk R (eds) The meniscus. Springer, Berlin, pp 395-396.
109. Verdonk R, Verdonk P, Heinrichs EL (2010) Polyurethane Meniscus Implant: Technique. In: Beaufils P, Verdonk R (eds) The meniscus. Springer, Berlin, pp 389-394.
110. Verdonk R, Verdonk P, Huysse W, Forsyth R, Heinrichs EL (2011) Tissue ingrowth after implantation of a novel, biodegradable polyurethane scaffold for treatment of partial meniscal lesions. Am J Sports Med 39: 774-782.
111. Verma NN, Kolb E, Cole BJ, Berkson MB, Garretson R, Farr J, Fregly B (2008) The effects of medial meniscal transplantation techniques on intra-articular contact pressures. J Knee Surg 21: 20-26.
112. Walker PS, Erman MJ (1975) The role of the menisci in force transmission across the knee. Clin Orthop Relat Res 109: 184-192.
113. Wright JM, Crockett HC, Slawski DP, Madsen MW, Windsor RE (2005) High tibial osteotomy. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 13: 279-289.
114. Zaffagnini S, Marcheggiani Muccioli G, Giordano G, Bruni D, Nitri M, Bonanzinga T, Filardo G, Russo A, Marcacci M (2009) Synthetic meniscal scaffolds. Tech Knee Surg 8: 251-256.
115. Zaffagnini S, Marcheggiani Muccioli GM, Grassi A, Bonanzinga T, Filardo G, Canales Passalacqua A, Marcacci M (2011) Arthroscopic lateral collagen meniscus implant in a professional soccer player. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 19: 1740-1743.
116. Zaffagnini S, Marcheggiani Muccioli GM, Lopomo N, Bruni D, Giordano G, Ravazzolo G, Molinari M, Marcacci M (2011) Prospective long-term outcomes of the medial collagen meniscus implant versus partial medial meniscectomy: a minimum 10-year follow-up study. Am J Sports Med 39: 977-985.
117. von Lewinski G, Kohn D, Wirth CJ, Lazovic D (2008) The influence of nonanatomical insertion and incongruence of meniscal transplants on the articular cartilage in an ovine model. Am J Sports Med 36: 841-850.