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Others note that the focus on risk and safety is a narrow one: see M. Lee, 'Risk and Beyond: EU Regulation of Nanotechnology
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European Parliament (EP), Report on the Proposal for a Directive on the Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment (Recast), 15 June 2010, A7-0196/2010, Amendment 88; EP Debate No. 9, 10 July 2010, Explanation of Votes, MEP Robert Rochefort; for examples outside the EU, see International Center for Technology Assessment, Citizen Petition to the United States Food and Drug Administration: Petition Requesting FDA Amend its Regulations for Products Composed of Engineered Nanoparticles Generally and Sunscreen Drug Products Composed of Engineered Nanoparticles Specifically, filed 17 May 2006; Australian Education Union Victoria, Council Resolution adopted 13 May
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European Parliament (EP), Report on the Proposal for a Directive on the Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment (Recast), 15 June 2010, A7-0196/2010, Amendment 88; EP Debate No. 9, 10 July 2010, Explanation of Votes, MEP Robert Rochefort; for examples outside the EU, see International Center for Technology Assessment, Citizen Petition to the United States Food and Drug Administration: Petition Requesting FDA Amend its Regulations for Products Composed of Engineered Nanoparticles Generally and Sunscreen Drug Products Composed of Engineered Nanoparticles Specifically, filed 17 May 2006; Australian Education Union Victoria, Council Resolution adopted 13 May 2011
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20
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EP Debate No. 4, 28 September 2006, MEP Hiltrud Breyer.
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21
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MEP David Hammerstein Mintz
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24
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Commission, Regulatory Aspects of Nanomaterials COM(2008) 366 final, 4, 8; also EP Debate
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Commission, Regulatory Aspects of Nanomaterials COM(2008) 366 final, 4, 8; also EP Debate
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25
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also see Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) OJ: 396/1: Article 1(3) imposes a duty of care on manufacturers and suppliers to ensure that the substances they manufacture, supply or use do not adversely affect human health or the environment.
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also see Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) OJ: 396/1: Article 1(3) imposes a duty of care on manufacturers and suppliers to ensure that the substances they manufacture, supply or use do not adversely affect human health or the environment.2006
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31
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32
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For example, Council Directive 74/409/EEC on the harmonization of the laws of the Member States relating to honey [1974] OJ L221/10; Council Directive 75/726/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning fruit juices and certain similar products OJ L311/40
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For example, Council Directive 74/409/EEC on the harmonization of the laws of the Member States relating to honey [1974] OJ L221/10; Council Directive 75/726/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning fruit juices and certain similar products OJ L311/40.1975
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41
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44
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50
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Treaty on European Union [1992] OJ C191/1, Title XI, Article 129a, replaced by the Treaty of Amsterdam Amending the Treaty on European Union, the Treaties Establishing the European Communities and Certain Related Acts [1997] OJ C340/173, Article 129a, now enshrined in Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union OJ C115/47, Title XV, Article 169.2008
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This objective is repeated throughout the Treaty, see, for example, Articles 114(3), 168(1), 169(1) TFEU
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This objective is repeated throughout the Treaty, see, for example, Articles 114(3), 168(1), 169(1) TFEU.
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where Lee discusses the narrowness of policy responses to GMOs which attach greater weight to scientific and technical information than to 'other legitimate factors' relevant to authorization decisions under Regulation (EC) No. 1829/2003 on GM Food and Feed [2003] OJ L268/1, Article 7. The EP has also been critical of the almost exclusive focus on the scientific assessment of risks and the promotion of internal market over other socio-economic and environmental objectives, see EP, Resolution on the proposal for a Regulation as Regards the Possibility for the Member States to Restrict or Prohibit the Cultivation of GMOs in Their Territory, P7_TA
-
where Lee discusses the narrowness of policy responses to GMOs which attach greater weight to scientific and technical information than to 'other legitimate factors' relevant to authorization decisions under Regulation (EC) No. 1829/2003 on GM Food and Feed [2003] OJ L268/1, Article 7. The EP has also been critical of the almost exclusive focus on the scientific assessment of risks and the promotion of internal market over other socio-economic and environmental objectives, see EP, Resolution on the proposal for a Regulation as Regards the Possibility for the Member States to Restrict or Prohibit the Cultivation of GMOs in Their Territory, P7_TA(2011)0314.
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The first of these to be introduced was the Food Additives Regulation (EC) No. 1333/2008
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The first of these to be introduced was the Food Additives Regulation (EC) No. 1333/2008 [2008] L354/16
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80
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Commission, Communication on the Functioning of the European Union concerning the position of the Council at first reading on the adoption of a Regulation on the provision of food information to consumers COM(2011) 77 final, 5; EP, Resolution on Novel Foods, P7_TA-PROV 0266, Amendment 75 Article 9(2)(c). Note that conciliation talks between the EP and the Council failed, hence the Novel Foods Regulation (EC) No 258/97 remains in force
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Commission, Communication on the Functioning of the European Union concerning the position of the Council at first reading on the adoption of a Regulation on the provision of food information to consumers COM(2011) 77 final, 5; EP, Resolution on Novel Foods, P7_TA-PROV 0266, Amendment 75 Article 9(2)(c). Note that conciliation talks between the EP and the Council failed, hence the Novel Foods Regulation (EC) No 258/97 remains in force.2010
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EP, Report on the proposal for a regulation concerning the placing on the market and use of biocidal products, A7-0239/, Amendments 183 and 213
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EP, Report on the proposal for a regulation concerning the placing on the market and use of biocidal products, A7-0239/, Amendments 183 and 213.2010
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(2010)
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82
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EP, Report on the proposal for a Directive on the Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment (Recast), A7-0196/, Amendment 15
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EP, Report on the proposal for a Directive on the Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment (Recast), A7-0196/, Amendment 15.2010
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(2010)
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83
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Council, 'Working Document from General Secretariat of Council/Presidency to the Working Party on Technical Harmonisation on the Proposal for a Regulation on Cosmetic Products (Recast)', 6972/09 LIMITE
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84
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For recent attempts to improve clarity, see Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR), 'Scientific Basis for the Definition of the Term "Nanomaterial"'
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For recent attempts to improve clarity, see Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR), 'Scientific Basis for the Definition of the Term "Nanomaterial"' (2010)
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85
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Recommendation on the definition of Nanomaterial
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Recommendation on the definition of Nanomaterial' 2011
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86
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33845192391
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The increasing use of 'nano-free' labels is indicative of concerns that nanoingredients may cause anxiety among consumers, see Science and Technology Committee, Nanotechnologies and Food, HL (2009-10) 22-II, 139. Similar debates have been had in other domains too, notably the policy debate on genetic modification and the EU obligation to label all food and feed products consisting of or containing genetically modified organisms, Regulation (EC) No. 1830/2003 concerning the traceability and labelling of genetically modified organisms and the traceability of food and feed products produced from genetically modified organisms [2003] OJ L268/24, Regulation 6. For commentary, see B. Roe and M.F. Teisl, 'Genetically Modified Food Labelling: The Impacts of Message and Messenger on Consumer Perceptions of Labels and Products' (2007) 32 Food Policy
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The increasing use of 'nano-free' labels is indicative of concerns that nanoingredients may cause anxiety among consumers, see Science and Technology Committee, Nanotechnologies and Food, HL (2009-10) 22-II, 139. Similar debates have been had in other domains too, notably the policy debate on genetic modification and the EU obligation to label all food and feed products consisting of or containing genetically modified organisms, Regulation (EC) No. 1830/2003 concerning the traceability and labelling of genetically modified organisms and the traceability of food and feed products produced from genetically modified organisms [2003] OJ L268/24, Regulation 6. For commentary, see B. Roe and M.F. Teisl, 'Genetically Modified Food Labelling: The Impacts of Message and Messenger on Consumer Perceptions of Labels and Products' (2007) 32 Food Policy 49-66.
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87
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Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union OJ C115/47, Title XV, Article
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Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union OJ C115/47, Title XV, Article 1692008
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(2008)
, pp. 169
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88
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EP, Resolution on the Commission Communication on 'Consumer Policy Strategy 2002-, P5_TA(2003) 0100, paras. 25-6 and 29
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EP, Resolution on the Commission Communication on 'Consumer Policy Strategy 2002-, P5_TA(2003) 0100, paras. 25-6 and 29.2006
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You Are What You Eat: Market Citizens and the Right to Know About Nano Foods
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, at 190.
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E. Stokes, 'You Are What You Eat: Market Citizens and the Right to Know About Nano Foods' (2011) 2 J. of Human Rights and the Environment 178-200, at 190.
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M. Micheletti, Political Virtue and Shopping: Individuals, Consumerism, and Collective Action (2003).
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Micheletti, M.1
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EP, Draft Legislative Resolution on the Proposal for a Regulation on Novel Foods, A6-0512/, Amendment
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EP, Draft Legislative Resolution on the Proposal for a Regulation on Novel Foods, A6-0512/, Amendment 59.2008
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, pp. 59
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92
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Yet information provision can be anything but straightforward and benign. For insights into the complexities of transparency, see E. Fisher, 'Transparency and Administrative Law: A Critical Evaluation'
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Yet information provision can be anything but straightforward and benign. For insights into the complexities of transparency, see E. Fisher, 'Transparency and Administrative Law: A Critical Evaluation' 272-314201063Current Legal Problems
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Current Legal Problems
, vol.63
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Commission, Proposal for a Directive on the Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment COM(2008) 809 final, 7; Commission, Proposal for a Regulation on Novel Foods COM(2007) 872 final, 5, and Commission, Proposal for a Regulation on the Provision of Food Information to Consumers COM(2008) 40 final, 9; Commission, Proposal for a Regulation Concerning the Placing on the Market and Use of Biocidal Products COM 267 final, 10
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Commission, Proposal for a Directive on the Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment COM(2008) 809 final, 7; Commission, Proposal for a Regulation on Novel Foods COM(2007) 872 final, 5, and Commission, Proposal for a Regulation on the Provision of Food Information to Consumers COM(2008) 40 final, 9; Commission, Proposal for a Regulation Concerning the Placing on the Market and Use of Biocidal Products COM 267 final, 10.2009
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EP Debate No. 9 of 7 July , MEP Elisabetta Gardini
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EP Debate No. 9 of 7 July , MEP Elisabetta Gardini.2010
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MEP Sari Essayah.
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R. Baldwin and J. Black, 'Really Responsive Regulation' (2008) 71 Modern Law Rev. 59-94.
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