Cardiovascular antioxidant therapy: A review of supplements, pharmacotherapies, and mechanisms

Cardiology in Review

Volumn 20, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 77-83

  Tinkel, Jodi ^a   Hassanain, Hamdy ^b   Khouri, Samer J ^a  

^a MEDICAL COLLEGE OF OHIO   (United States)

^b OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

antioxidants; heme oxygenase 1; lipids; renin; signal transduction

Indexed keywords

ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ANTIOXIDANT; ASCORBIC ACID; BETA CAROTENE; CHOLESTEROL; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; HEME OXYGENASE 1; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; PLACEBO; RAC PROTEIN; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; REDUCED NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE; RETINOL; SIMVASTATIN;

ATHEROSCLEROSIS; BLOOD PRESSURE; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; HUMAN; LUNG CANCER; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; RENIN ANGIOTENSIN ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM; REVIEW;

ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS; ANTIOXIDANTS; CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS; FEMALE; HEME OXYGENASE-1; HUMANS; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; LIPOPROTEINS, LDL; MALE; NADP; NADPH OXIDASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC; REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES;

EID: 84857361069     PISSN: 10615377     EISSN: 15384683     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/CRD.0b013e31823dbbad     Document Type: Review

References (64)

1. Carr AC, Zhu BZ, Frei B. Potential antiatherogenic mechanisms of ascorbate (vitamin C) and alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E). Circ Res. 2000;87:349-354.
2. Steinberg D, Parthasarathy S, Carew TE, et al. Beyond cholesterol. Modifications of low-density lipoprotein that increase its atherogenicity. N Engl J Med. 1989;320:915-924. (Pubitemid 19101597)
3. Berliner JA, Heinecke JW. The role of oxidized lipoproteins in atherogenesis. Free Radic Biol Med. 1996;20:707-727. (Pubitemid 26105783)
4. Libby P. Current concepts of the pathogenesis of the acute coronary syndromes. Circulation. 2001;104:365-372. (Pubitemid 32666962)
5. Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Ascherio A, et al. Vitamin E consumption and the risk of coronary heart disease in men. N Engl J Med. 1993;328:1450-1456. (Pubitemid 23143847)
6. Stampfer MJ, Hennekens CH, Manson JE, et al. Vitamin E consumption and the risk of coronary disease in women. N Engl J Med. 1993;328:1444-1449. (Pubitemid 23143846)
7. Hensrud DD, Heimburger DC. Antioxidant status, fatty acids, and cardiovascular disease. Nutrition. 1994;10:170-175. (Pubitemid 24143835)
8. Esterbauer H, Dieber-Rotheneder M, Striegl G, et al. Role of vitamin E in preventing the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991;53(1 Suppl):314S-321S.
9. Enstrom JE, Kanim LE, Klein MA. Vitamin C intake and mortality among a sample of the United States population. Epidemiology. 1992;3:194-202.
10. Kushi LH, Folsom AR, Prineas RJ, et al. Dietary antioxidant vitamins and death from coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:1156-1162. (Pubitemid 26137974)
11. The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers. The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1994;330:1029-1035.
12. Omenn GS, Goodman GE, Thornquist MD, et al. Effects of a combination of beta carotene and vitamin A on lung cancer and cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:1150-1155. (Pubitemid 26137973)
13. Stephens NG, Parsons A, Schofield PM, et al. Randomised controlled trial of vitamin E in patients with coronary disease: Cambridge Heart Antioxidant Study (CHAOS). Lancet. 1996;347:781-786. (Pubitemid 26091640)
14. Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E after myocardial infarction: Results of the GISSI-Prevenzione trial. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto miocardico. Lancet. 1999;354:447-455.
15. Yusuf S, Sleight P, Pogue J, et al. Effects of an angiotensin- convertingenzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:145-153.
16. Yusuf S, Dagenais G, Pogue J, et al. Vitamin E supplementation and cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:154-160. (Pubitemid 30051646)
17. Palumbo G, Avanzini F, Alli C, et al. Effects of vitamin E on clinic and ambulatory blood pressure in treated hypertensive patients. Collaborative Group of the Primary Prevention Project (PPP)-Hypertension study. Am J Hypertens. 2000;13(5 Pt 1):564-567. (Pubitemid 30330722)
18. Collins R, Peto R, Armitage J. The MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study: Preliminary results. Int J Clin Pract. 2002;56:53-56. (Pubitemid 34100539)
19. Griendling KK, Sorescu D, Ushio-Fukai M. NAD(P)H oxidase: Role in cardiovascular biology and disease. Circ Res. 2000;86:494-501. (Pubitemid 30165039)
20. Weir MR, Dzau VJ. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: A specific target for hypertension management. Am J Hypertens. 1999;12(12 Pt 3):205S-213S. (Pubitemid 30029273)
21. McIntyre M, Bohr DF, Dominiczak AF. Endothelial function in hypertension: The role of superoxide anion. Hypertension. 1999;34(4 Pt 1):539-545. (Pubitemid 29496430)
22. Berk BC, Vekshtein V, Gordon HM, et al. Angiotensin II-stimulated protein synthesis in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. Hypertension. 1989;13:305-314. (Pubitemid 19099600)
23. Murphy TJ, Alexander RW, Griendling KK, et al. Isolation of a cDNA encoding the vascular type-1 angiotensin II receptor. Nature. 1991;351:233-236. (Pubitemid 21896571)
24. Ushio-Fukai M, Zafari AM, Fukui T, et al. p22phox is a critical component of the superoxide-generating NADH/NADPH oxidase system and regulates angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem. 1996;271:23317-23321. (Pubitemid 26314775)
25. Merrill DC, Thompson MW, Carney CL, et al. Chronic hypertension and altered baroreflex responses in transgenic mice containing the human rennin and human angiotensinogen genes. J Clin Invest. 1996;97:1047-1055. (Pubitemid 26070585)
26. Garbers LD. The molecular basis of hypertension. Ann Rev Biochem. 1999;68:127-155.
27. Griendling KK, Minieri CA, Ollerenshaw JD, et al. Angiotensin II stimulates NADH and NADPH oxidase activity in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. Circ Res. 1994;74:1141-1148. (Pubitemid 24176909)
28. Rajagopalan S, Kurz S, Mzel T, et al. Angiotensin II-mediated hypertension in the rat increases vascular superoxide production via membrane NADH/ NADPH oxidase activation. Contribution to alterations of vasomotor tone. J Clin Invest. 1996;97:1916-1923.
29. Hassanain HH, Sharma YK, Moldovan L, et al. Plant rac proteins induce superoxide production in mammalian cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000;272:783-788. (Pubitemid 30420715)
30. Bishop AL, Hall A. Rho GTPases and their effector proteins. Biochem J. 2000;348:241-255. (Pubitemid 30345195)
31. Lander HM, Hajjar DP, Hempstead BL, et al. A molecular redox switch on p21(ras). Structural basis for the nitric oxide-p21(ras) interaction. J Biol Chem. 1997;272:4323-4326. (Pubitemid 27078505)
32. Deora AA, Win T, Vanhaesebroeck B, et al. A redox-triggered ras-effector interaction. Recruitment of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase to Ras by redox stress. J Biol Chem. 1998;273:29923-29928. (Pubitemid 28510008)
33. Laufs U, Endres M, Custodis F, et al. Suppression of endothelial nitric oxide production after withdrawal of statin treatment is mediated by negative feedback regulation of rho GTPase gene transcription. Circulation. 2000;102:3104-3110.
34. Murasawa S, Matsubara H, Mori Y, et al. Angiotensin II initiates tyrosine kinase Pyk2-dependent signalings leading to activation of Rac1-mediated c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase. J Biol Chem. 2000;275:26856-26863.
35. Force T, Pombo CM, Avruch JA, et al. Stress-activated protein kinases in cardiovascular disease. Circ Res. 1996;78:947-953. (Pubitemid 26166702)
36. Clarke N, Arenzana N, Hai T, et al. Epidermal growth factor induction of the c-jun promoter by a Rac pathway. Mol Cell Biol. 1998;18:1065-1073. (Pubitemid 28063441)
37. Marrero MB, Schieffer B, Paxton WG, et al. Electroporation of pp60c-src antibodies inhibits the angiotensin II activation of phospholipase C-gamma 1 in rat aortic smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem. 1995;270:15734-15738.
38. Ishida T, Ishida M, Suero J, et al. Agonist-stimulated cytoskeletal reorganization and signal transduction at focal adhesions in vascular smooth muscle cells require c-Src. J Clin Invest. 1999;103:789-797. (Pubitemid 29152624)
39. Abe J, Takahashi M, Ishida M, et al. c-Src is required for oxidative stressmediated activation of big mitogen-activated protein kinase 1. J Biol Chem. 1997;272:20389-20394. (Pubitemid 27355589)
40. Karin M. The regulation of AP-1 activity by mitogen-activated protein kinases. J Biol Chem. 1995;270:16483-16486.
41. Yamazaki J, Fujita N, Nagao T. NG-monomethyl-L-arginine-induced pressor response at developmental and established stages in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1991;259:52-57.
42. Arnal JF, Warin L, Michel JB. Determinants of aortic cyclic guanosine monophosphate in hypertension induced by chronic inhibition of nitric oxide synthase. J Clin Invest. 1992;90:647-652.
43. Arnal JF, Dinh-Xuan AT, Pueyo M, et al. Endothelium-derived nitric oxide and vascular physiology and pathology. Cell Mol Life Sci. 1999;55:1078-1087. (Pubitemid 29361074)
44. Pracyk JB, Tanaka K, Hegland DD, et al. A requirement for the rac1 GTPase in the signal transduction pathway leading to cardiac myocyte hypertrophy. J Clin Invest. 1998;102:929-937. (Pubitemid 28419238)
45. Scott JR, Chin BY, Bilban MH, et al. Restoring Homeostasis: Is heme oxygenase- 1 ready for the clinic? Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2007;28:200-205. (Pubitemid 46661005)
46. Abraham NG, Kappas A. Pharmacological and clinical aspects of heme oxygenase. Pharmacol Rev. 2008;60:79-127. (Pubitemid 351439218)
47. Peterson SJ, Frishman WH, Abraham NG. Targeting heme oxygenase: Therapeutic implications for diseases of the cardiovascular system. Cardiol Rev. 2009;17:99-111.
48. Sano K, Nakamura H, Matsuo T. Mode of inhibitory action of bilirubin on protein kinase C. Pediatr Res. 1985;19:587-590. (Pubitemid 15093324)
49. Kwak JY, Takeshige K, Cheung BS, et al. Bilirubin inhibits the activation of superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase in a neutrophil cell-free system. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1991;1076:369-373.
50. Agarwal A, Shiraishi F, Visner GA, et al. Linoleyl hydroperoxide transcriptionally upregulates heme oxygenase-1 gene expression in human renal epithelial and aortic endothelial cells. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1998;9:1990-1997. (Pubitemid 28482146)
51. Yamaguchi M, Sato H, Bannai S. Induction of stress proteins in mouse peritoneal macrophages by oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1993;193:1198-1201. (Pubitemid 23209721)
52. Ishikawa K, Navab M, Leitinger N, et al. Induction of heme oxygenase-1 inhibits the monocyte transmigration induced by mildly oxidized LDL. J Clin Invest. 1997;100:1209-1216. (Pubitemid 27386307)
53. Hsu M, Muchova L, Morioka I, et al. Tissue-specific effects of statins on the expression of heme oxygenase-1 in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006;343:738-744.
54. Konstam MA, Rousseau MF, Kronenberg MW, et al. Effects of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril on the long-term progression of left ventricular dysfunction in patients with heart failure. SOLVD Investigators. Circulation. 1992;86:431-438.
55. Ziesche S, Cobb FR, Cohn JN, et al. Hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate combination improves exercise tolerance in heart failure. Results from V-HeFT I and V-HeFT II. The V-HeFT VA Cooperative Studies Group. Circulation. 1993;87(6 Suppl):VI56-VI64. (Pubitemid 23164223)
56. Pfeffer MA, Swedberg K, Granger CB, et al. CHARM Investigators and Committees. Effects of candesartan on mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic heart failure: The CHARM-Overall programme. Lancet. 2003;362:759-766. (Pubitemid 37093915)
57. Cohn JN. Improving outcomes in congestive heart failure: Val-HeFT. Valsartan in Heart Failure Trial. Cardiology. 1999;91 Suppl 1:19-22. (Pubitemid 29371543)
58. Aguilar D, Solomon SD, Kérer L, et al. Newly diagnosed and previously known diabetes mellitus and 1-year outcomes of acute myocardial infarction: The VALsartan In Acute myocardial iNfarcTion (VALIANT) trial. Circulation. 2004;110:1572-1578. (Pubitemid 39297978)
59. Shepherd J, Cobbe SM, Ford I, et al. Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia. West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:1301-1307.
60. Downs JR, Clearfield M, Weis S, et al. Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels: Results of AFCAPS/TexCAPS. Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study. JAMA. 1998;279:1615-1622. (Pubitemid 28248586)
61. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet. 1994;344:1383-1389.
62. Sacks FM, Pfeffer MA, Moye LA, et al. The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. Cholesterol and Recurrent Events Trial investigators. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:1001-1009. (Pubitemid 26338729)
63. Schwartz GG, Olsson AG, Ezekowitz MD, et al. Myocardial Ischemia Reduction with Aggressive Cholesterol Lowering (MIRACL) Study Investigators. Effects of atorvastatin on early recurrent ischemic events in acute coronary syndromes: The MIRACL study: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2001;285:1711-1718. (Pubitemid 32259905)
64. Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels. The Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:1349-1357.