What public health strategies are needed to reduce smoking initiation?

Tobacco Control

Volumn 21, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 258-264

  Pierce, John P ^a   White, Victoria M ^b   Emery, Sherry L ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO   (United States)

^b CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY CENTRE   (Australia)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; HEALTH SERVICE; HUMAN; MASS MEDIUM; METHODOLOGY; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; PACKAGING; PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE; SCHOOL HEALTH SERVICE; SMOKING; TOBACCO INDUSTRY;

HEALTH SERVICES NEEDS AND DEMAND; HUMANS; MASS MEDIA; PRODUCT PACKAGING; PUBLIC HEALTH ADMINISTRATION; SCHOOL HEALTH SERVICES; SMOKING; TOBACCO INDUSTRY;

EID: 84857349055     PISSN: 09644563     EISSN: 14683318     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050359     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. Doll R. Evolution of knowledge of the smoking epidemic. In: Boyle P, Gray N, Henningfield JE, et al, eds. Tobacco Science, Policy, and Public Health. 2nd edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010:1-12.
2. Pierce JP, Messer K, White MM, et al. Forty years of faster decline in cigarette smoking in California explains current lower lung cancer rates. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19:2801-10.
3. Lopez AD, Collishaw NE, Piha T. A descriptive model of the cigarette epidemic in developed countries. Tob Control 1994;3:242-7.
4. Pierce JP. Progress and problems in international public health efforts to reduce tobacco usage. Annu Rev Public Health 1991;12:383-400.
5. Hitchman SC, Fong GT. Gender empowerment and female-to-male smoking prevalence ratios. Bull World Health Organ 2011;89:195-202.
6. Pierce JP, Lee L, Gilpin EA. Smoking initiation by adolescent girls, 1944 through 1988. An association with targeted advertising. JAMA 1994;271:608-11.
7. Pierce JP, Fiore MC, Novotny TE, et al. Trends in cigarette smoking in the United States. Projections to the year 2000. JAMA 1989;261:61-5.
8. Pierce JP, Gilpin E, Burns DM, et al. Does tobacco advertising target young people to start smoking? Evidence from California. JAMA 1991;266:3154-8.
9. Pierce JP, Gilpin E. Trends in Physicians' Smoking Behavior and Patterns of Advice to Quit. Rockville, MD: Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph 5 National Cancer Institute NIH Publication, No 93-3693, 1993.
10. Sreeramareddy CT, Suri S, Menezes RG, et al. Self-reported tobacco smoking practices among medical students and their perceptions towards training about tobacco smoking in medical curricula: a cross-sectional, questionnaire survey in Malaysia, India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Bangladesh. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2010;5:29.
11. Fiore MC, Novotny TE, Pierce JP, et al. Trends in cigarette smoking in the United States. The changing influence of gender and race. JAMA 1989;261:49-55.
12. Choi WS, Gilpin EA, Farkas AJ, et al. Determining the probability of future smoking among adolescents. Addiction 2001;96:313-23.
13. Pierce JP, Distefan JM, Kaplan RM, et al. The role of curiosity in smoking initiation. Addict Behav 2005;30:685-96.
14. Pierce JP, Gilpin EA. Impact of over-the-counter sales on effectiveness of pharmaceutical aids for smoking cessation. JAMA 2002;288:1260-4.
15. Steinberg L. Adolescence. 6th edn. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2002.
16. Bauman KE, Fisher LA, Bryan ES, et al. Antecedents, subjective expected utility, and behavior: a panel study of adolescent cigarette smoking. Addict Behav 1984;9:121-36.
17. Smith RE, Swinyard WR. Cognitive responses to advertising and trial: belief strength, belief confidence and product curiosity. J Advert 1988;17:3-14.
18. Ray ML. Advertising and Communication Management. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1982.
19. NCI. The Role of Mass Media in Promoting and Reducing Robacco Use. Tobacco Control Monograph no. 19. Bethesda, MD: US Department of health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, 2008. Report No.: 07-6242.
20. McGuire WJ. An Information Processing Model of Advertising Effectiveness. New York, NY: Behavioral and Management Science in Marketing, 1978.
21. Evans N, Farkas A, Gilpin E, et al. Influence of tobacco marketing and exposure to smokers on adolescent susceptibility to smoking. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995;87:1538-45.
22. Gilpin EA, White MM, Messer K, et al. Receptivity to tobacco advertising and promotions among young adolescents as a predictor of established smoking in young adulthood. Am J Public Health 2007;97:1489-95.
23. Pierce JP, Gilpin EA. How did the Master Settlement Agreement change tobacco industry expenditures for cigarette advertising and promotions? Health Promot Pract 2004;5(Suppl 3):84S-90S.
24. Ling PM, Glantz SA. Why and how the tobacco industry sells cigarettes to young adults: evidence from industry documents. Am J Public Health 2002;92:908-16.
25. Ruel E, Mani N, Sandoval A, et al. After the Master Settlement Agreement: trends in the American tobacco retail environment from 1999 to 2002. Health Promot Pract 2004;5(Suppl 3):99S-110.
26. Feighery EC, Schleicher NC, Boley Cruz T, et al. An examination of trends in amount and type of cigarette advertising and sales promotions in California stores, 2002-2005. Tob Control 2008;17:93-8.
27. Henriksen L, Feighery EC, Schleicher NC, et al. Reaching youth at the point of sale: cigarette marketing is more prevalent in stores where adolescents shop frequently. Tob Control 2004;13:315-18.
28. Henriksen L, Schleicher NC, Feighery EC, et al. A longitudinal study of exposure to retail cigarette advertising and smoking initiation. Pediatrics 2010;126:232-8.
29. DiFranza JR, Clark DM, Pollay RW. Cigarette package design: opportunities for disease prevention. Tob Induc Dis 2003;1:97-109.
30. Barton J, Chassin L, Presson CC, et al. Social image factors as motivators of smoking initiation in early and middle adolescence. Child Dev 1982;53:1499-511.
31. Landman A, Ling PM, Glantz SA. Tobacco industry youth smoking prevention programs: protecting the industry and hurting tobacco control. Am J Public Health 2002;92:917-30.
32. Philip Morris USA. Helping Reduce Underage Tobacco Use. 2011. http://www.philipmorrisusa.com/en/cms/Responsibility/Helping_Nav/Helping_Reduce_Underage_Tobacco_Use/Select_Historical_Programs/default.aspx
33. Cowling DW, Robins DM. Rate of illegal tobacco sales to minors varies by sign type in California. Am J Public Health 2000;90:1792-3.
34. Wakefield M, Terry-McElrath Y, Emery S, et al. Effect of televised, tobacco company-funded smoking prevention advertising on youth smoking-related beliefs, intentions, and behavior. Am J Public Health 2006;96:2154-60.
35. Al-Delaimy WK, White MM, Mills AL, et al. Two Decades of the California Tobacco Control Program: California Tobacco Survey, 1990-2008. La Jolla, CA: University of California, San Diego, 2010.
36. Pierce JP, Dwyer T, Frape G, et al. Evaluation of the Sydney "Quit. For Life" anti-smoking campaign. Part 1. Achievement of intermediate goals. Med J Aust 1986;144:341-4.
37. Dwyer T, Pierce JP, Hannam CD, et al. Evaluation of the Sydney "Quit. For Life" anti-smoking campaign. Part 2. Changes in smoking prevalence. Med J Aust 1986;144:344-7.
38. Pierce JP, Macaskill P, Hill D. Long-term effectiveness of mass media led antismoking campaigns in Australia. Am J Public Health 1990;80:565-9.
39. Pierce JP, Gilpin EA, Emery SL, et al. Has the California tobacco control program reduced smoking? JAMA 1998;280:893-9.
40. Bal DG, Kizer KW, Felten PG, et al. Reducing tobacco consumption in California. Development of a statewide anti-tobacco use campaign. JAMA 1990;264:1570-4.
41. Roeseler A, Burns D. The quarter that changed the world. Tob Control 2010;19 (Suppl 1):i3-15.
42. Thomas R, Perera R. School-based programmes for preventing smoking. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006;(3):CD001293.
43. Peterson AV Jr, Kealey KA, Mann SL, et al. Hutchinson Smoking Prevention Project: long-term randomized trial in school-based tobacco use preventioneresults on smoking. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000;92:1979-91.
44. Dobbins M, DeCorby K, Manske S, et al. Effective practices for school-based tobacco use prevention. Prev Med 2008;46:289-97.
45. Sussman S. Tobacco industry youth tobacco prevention Programming: a review. Prev Sci 2002;3:57-67.
46. NHES. National Health Education Standards: Achieving Excellence. Atlanta, GA: National health education standards, 2007.
47. Wiium N, Wold B. Actions taken by schools when tobacco policies are violated: associations with adolescent smoking prevalence. Scand J Psychol 2011;52:494-501.
48. USDHHS. Reducing the Health Consequences of Smoking: 25 Years of Progress. A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 1989. Report No.: (CDC) 89-8411.
49. Hammond D. Health warning messages on tobacco products: a review. Tob Control 2011;20:327-37.
50. White V, Webster B, Wakefield M. Do graphic health warning labels have an impact on adolescents' smoking-related beliefs and behaviours? Addiction 2008;103:1562-71.
51. Germain D, Wakefield MA, Durkin SJ. Adolescents' perceptions of cigarette brand image: does plain packaging make a difference? J Adolesc Health 2010;46:385-92.
52. Lewit EM, Coate D, Grossman M. The effects of government regulation on teenage smoking. J Law & Econ 1981;24:545-69.
53. Emery S, White MM, Pierce JP. Does cigarette price influence adolescent experimentation? J Health Econ 2001;20:261-70.
54. Chaloupka F, Grossman M. Price, Tobacco Control Policies and Youth Smoking. Working paper #5740. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1996.
55. Nonnemaker JM, Farrelly MC. Smoking initiation among youth: the role of cigarette excise taxes and prices by race/ethnicity and gender. J Health Econ 2011;30:560-7.
56. Schnohr CW, Kreiner S, Rasmussen M, et al. The role of national policies intended to regulate adolescent smoking in explaining the prevalence of daily smoking: a study of adolescents from 27 European countries. Addiction 2008;103:824-31.
57. White VM, Warne CD, Spittal MJ, et al. What impact have tobacco control policies, cigarette price and tobacco control program funding had on Australian adolescents' smoking? Findings over a 15-year period. Addiction 2011;106:1493-502.
58. World Health Organization. WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2011: Warning About the Dangers of Tobacco. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO, 2011.
59. USEPA. Respiratory Health Effects of Passive Smoking: Lung Cancer & Other Disorders. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, 1992. 31 January 2007. Report no.: EPA/600/6e90/006F.
60. Hamilton WL, Biener L, Brennan RT. Do local tobacco regulations influence perceived smoking norms? Evidence from adult and youth surveys in Massachusetts. Health Educ Res 2008;23:709-22.
61. IARC. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Smoke-free Policies. Lyon: IARC Handbook of Cancer Prevention, Tobacco Control, 2009.
62. Akhtar PC, Haw SJ, Currie DB, et al. Smoking restrictions in the home and secondhand smoke exposure among primary schoolchildren before and after introduction of the Scottish smoke-free legislation. Tob Control 2009;18:409-15.
63. Pierce JP; (Working group Chair). Evaluating the Effectiveness of Smoke-free Policies. vol. 13. Lyon, France: IARC (International Agency for research on cancer prevention), Tobacco Control, 2009.
64. Al-Delaimy W, White MM, Trinidad DR. The California Tobacco Control Program: Can We Maintain the Progress? vol. 2. La Jolla, CA: University of California, San Diego. http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/tobacco/Documents/CTCP-CTSVol.%202-1990-2005.pdf 2008
65. Robinson J, Amos A. A qualitative study of young people's sources of cigarettes and attempts to circumvent underage sales laws. Addiction 2010;105:1835-43.
66. Robinson LA, Dalton WT 3rd, Nicholson LM. Changes in adolescents' sources of cigarettes. J Adolesc Health 2006;39:861-7.
67. Tobacco-Use Prevention Education Program Overview. California Department of education. http://www.cde.ca.gov/ls/he/at/tupeoverview.asp (accessed 15 Mar 2011).
68. Gilpin EA, White MM, White VM, et al. Tobacco Control Successes in California: A Focus on Young People, Results from the California Tobacco Surveys, 1990-2002. La Jolla, CA: University of California, San Diego, 2004.
69. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Cigarette use among high school students United states, 1991-2005. MMWR 2006;55:724-6.
70. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Office of Applied Studies. State Estimates of Substance Use from the 2005-2006 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health. OAS series # H-33, DHHS Publication No. (SMA) 08-4311. Rockville, MD: SAMHSA, 2008.
71. Messer K, Pierce JP. Changes in age trajectories of smoking experimentation during the California Tobacco Control Program. Am J Public Health 2010;100: 1298-306.
72. Gilpin EA, Lee L, Pierce JP. How have smoking risk factors changed with recent declines in California adolescent smoking? Addiction 2005;100:117-25.
73. Pierce J. Australia's leadership role in the evolution of tobacco control programs in the United States. Health Promot J Austr 1997;7:11-17.
74. Egger G, Frape G, Mackay B. Applied problems of media use in health promotion-the North Coast experience. New Doctor 1981 January:25-9.
75. Scollo MM, Winstanley MH. Tobacco in Australia. In: Victoria CC, ed. Facts and Issues. 3rd edn. Melbourne, Australia: Cancer Council Victoria, 2008.
76. Hill D, White V, Letcher T. Tobacco use among Australian secondary students in 1996. Aust N Z J Public Health 1999;23:252-9.
77. Hill DJ, White VM, Scollo MM. Smoking behaviours of Australian adults in 1995: trends and concerns. Med J Aust 1998;168:209-13.
78. White VM, Smith G. Australian secondary school students' use of tobacco, alcohol, and over-the-counter and illicit substances in 2008. Canberra, Australia: Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing, 2009. http://www.nationaldrugstrategy.gov.au/internet/drugstrategy/Publishing.nsf/content/school08.