Paleobiogeography of scleractinian reef corals: Changing patterns during the Oligocene-Miocene climatic transition in the Mediterranean

Earth-Science Reviews

Volumn 111, Issue 1-2, 2012, Pages 1-24

  Perrin, Christine ^a,b   Bosellini, Francesca R ^c  

^a MUSÉUM NATIONAL D'HISTOIRE NATURELLE   (France)

^b USR 2936 du CNRS   (France)

^c Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra   (Italy)

Author keywords

Biodiversity; Mediterranean; Miocene; Oligocene; Paleobiogeography; Scleractinian corals

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; CORAL REEF; DATABASE; MEDITERRANEAN ENVIRONMENT; MIOCENE; OLIGOCENE; PALEOBIOGEOGRAPHY; PALEOENVIRONMENT; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION; TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION;

ANTHOZOA; SCLERACTINIA;

EID: 84857154606     PISSN: 00128252     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2011.12.007     Document Type: Review

References (217)

1. Al-Qayim B.A.J., Khaiwka M.H. Depositional environment and diagenesis of the Oligocene reef cycles, Kirkuk Oil Field, northern Iraq. Modern Geology 1980, 7:177-190.
2. Alvarez G., Busquets P., Permanyer A., Vilaplana M. Growth dynamic and stratigraphy of Sant-Pau d'Ordal Miocene patch-reef (prov. of Barcelona, Catalonia). Mémoires du BRGM 1977, 89:367-377.
3. André J.P., Cornée J.J., Saint-Martin J.P., Lapointe P. Organisation séquentielle de la plate-forme carbonatée messinienne du seuil pélagien à Lampedusa (Méditerranée centrale). Geodiversitas 2002, 24:625-639.
4. Antunes M.T., Chevalier J.P. Notes sur la géologie et la paléontologie du Miocène de Lisbonne, VII-Observations complémentaires sur les madréporaires et les faciès récifaux. Revista da Faculdade de Ciencias de Lisboa 2e Serie C 1971, 16:291-306.
5. Baron-Szabo R. Taxonomy and paleoecology of Late Miocene corals of NW-Crete (Gramvoússa, Roka- and Koukounaras-Fms.). Berliner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen 1995, E16:569-577.
6. Baron-Szabo R. Miocene (Badenian) corals from Duplek, NE Slovenia. Razprave IV. Razreda Sazu, Ljubljana 1997, 38:97-115.
7. Barrier P., Cauquil E., Raffi S., Russo A., Tran Van Huu M. Signification du plus septentrional des récifs messiniens à Algues et Porites connus en Méditerranée (Vigoleno, Piacenza, Italie). Interim Colloqu. R.C.M.N.S., IGCP 343, Marseille, France 1994, 2-3.
8. Bassant P., Van Buchem F.S.P., Strasser A., Gorur N. The stratigraphic architecture and evolution of the Burdigalian carbonate-siliciclastic sedimentary systems of the Mut Basin, Turkey. Sedimentary Geology 2005, 173:187-232.
9. Belkebir L., Mansour B., Bessedik M., Saint Martin J.-P., Belbarbi M., Chaix C. Présence d'une construction récifale à Djebel Chott (Dahra occidental, Algérie): témoin du maximum transgressif du Miocène moyen en Méditerranée. Interim Colloqu. R.C.M.N.S., IGCP 343, Marseille,France 1994, 4.
10. Bellwood D.R., Hughes T.P. Regional-scale assembly rules and biodiversity of coral reefs. Science New Series 2001, 292(5521):1532-1534.
11. Betzler C., Brachert T.C., Braga J.-C., Martin J.M. Nearshore, temperate, carbonate depositional systems (lower Tortonian, Agua Amarga Basin, southern Spain): implications for carbonate sequence stratigraphy. Sedimentary Geology 1997, 113:27-53.
12. Betzler C., Martin J.M., Braga J.-C. Non tropical carbonates related to rocky submarine cliffs (Miocene, Almería, southern Spain). Sedimentary Geology 2000, 131:51-65.
13. Biely A., Chevalier J.-P. Présence de scléractiniaires dans le Miocène inférieur de la Tunisie septentrionale. Travaux de Géologie Tunisienne n°8. Notes du Service Géologique 1972, 40:55-68.
14. Boekschoten G.J., Wijsman Best M. Pocillopora in the Miocene reef at Baixo Porto-Santo eastern Atlantic. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie Van Wetenschappen Series B-Palaeontology Geology Physics Chemistry Anthropology 1981, 84:13-20.
15. Bonnet E. Les récifs de la bordure Sud-Ouest du Bassin de Lorca, comme témoins de l'évolution du champ de contrainte régional à la limite du Tortonien et du Messinien (Cordillères Bétiques-Espagne). Mémoire de Géologue de l'Igal 1997, Cycle Supérieur, Institut de Géologie Albert de Lapparent, Cergy-Pontoise, France.
16. Bosellini F.R. Oligocene corals from Monte Bastia (Vicentin Lessini Mountains, N. Italy). Accademia Nazionale di Scienze, Lettere e Arti di Modena 1988, VII(5):111-157.
17. Bosellini F.R., Perrin C. The coral fauna of Vitigliano: qualitative and quantitative analysis in a back reef environment (Castro Limestone, Late Oligocene, Salento Peninsula, southern Italy). Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana 1994, 33:171-181.
18. Bosellini F.R., Perrin C. Estimating Mediterranean Oligocene-Miocene sea-surface temperatures: an approach based on coral taxonomic richness. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2008, 258:71-88.
19. Bosellini F.R., Perrin C. Coral diversity and temperature: a palaeoclimatic perspective for the Oligo-Miocene of the Mediterranean region. Carbonate Systems During the Oligocene-Miocene Climatic Transition, Wiley-Blackwell, IAS Special Publication 2010, 42:227-242. M. Mutti, W.E. Piller, C. Betzler (Eds.).
20. Bosellini F.R., Russo A. Stratigraphy and facies of an Oligocene fringing reef (Castro Limestone, Salento Peninsula, southern Italy). Facies 1992, 26:145-166.
21. Bosellini F.R., Russo A., Vescogni A. Messinian reef-building assemblages of the Salento Peninsula (southern Italy): palaeobathymetric and palaeoclimatic significance. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2001, 175:7-26.
22. Bosellini F.R., Russo A., Vescogni A. The Messinian reef complex of the Salento Peninsula (Southern Italy): stratigraphy, facies and paleoenvironmental interpretation. Facies 2002, 47:91-112.
23. Bosence D.W.J., Pedley H.M. Sedimentology and palaeoecology of a Miocene coralline algal biostrome from the Maltese islands. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 1982, 38:9-43.
24. Bossio A., Esteban M., Mazzanti R., Mazzei R., Salvatorini G. Rosignano reef complex (Messinian), Livornesi Mountains, Tuscany, central Italy. SEPM Concepts in Sedimentology and Paleontology, Tulsa 1996, 5:277-294. E.K. Franseen, M. Esteban, W.C. Ward, J.-M. Rouchy (Eds.).
25. Boucot A.J. Standing diversity of fossil groups in successive intervals of geologic time viewed in the light of changing levels of provincialism. Journal of Paleontology 1975, 49:1105-1111.
26. Bourrouilh R., Chevalier J.-P., Mongin D. Données sédimentologiques et paléontologiques sur le Vindobonien du Nord de Minorque (Baléares). Comptes Rendus de l' Academie des Sciences de Paris 1972, 275:1955-1958.
27. Brachert T.C., Betzler C., Braga J.C., Martin J.M. Record of climatic change in neritic carbonates: turnover in biogenic associations and depositional modes (Late Miocene, southern Spain). Geologische Rundschau 1996, 85:327-337.
28. Brachert T.C., Betzler C., Braga J.C., Martin J.M. Microtaphofacies of a warm-temperate carbonate ramp (uppermost Tortonian/lowermost Messinian, southern Spain). Palaios 1998, 13:459-475.
29. Brachert T.C., Hultzsch N., Knoerich A.C., Krautworst U.M.R., Stückrad O.M. Climatic signatures in shallow-water carbonates: high-resolution stratigraphic markers in structurally controlled carbonate buildups (Late Miocene, southern Spain). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2001, 175:211-237.
30. Brachert T.C., Krautworst U.M.R., Stueckrad O.M. Tectono-climatic evolution of a Neogene intramontane basin (Late Miocene Carboneras subbasin, southeast Spain): revelations from basin mapping and biofacies analysis. Basin Research 2002, 14:503-521.
31. Brachert T.C., Reuter M., Felis T., Kroeger K.F., Lohmann G., Micheels A., Fassoulas C. Porites corals from Crete (Greece) open a window into Late Miocene (10 MA) seasonal and interannual climate variability. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2006, 245:81-94.
32. Braga J.C., Martin J.M. Geometries of reef advance in response to relative sea-level changes in a Messinian (uppermost Miocene) fringing reef (Cariatiz reef, Sorbas Basin, SE Spain). Sedimentary Geology 1996, 107:61-81.
33. Braga J.C., Martin J.M., Alcala B. Coral reefs in coarse-terrigenous sedimentary environments (Upper Tortonian, Granada Basin, southern Spain). Sedimentary Geology 1990, 66:135-150.
34. Braga J.C., Jimenez A.P., Martin J.M., Rivas P. Middle Miocene coral-oyster reefs, Murchas, Granada, southern Spain. SEPM Concepts in Sedimentology and Paleontology, Tulsa 1996, 5:131-139. E.K. Franseen, M. Esteban, W.C. Ward, J.-M. Rouchy (Eds.).
35. Braga J.C., Martin J.M., Riding R. Internal structure of segment reefs: Halimeda algal mounds in the Mediterranean Miocene. Geology 1996, 24:35-38.
36. Braga J.C., Martin J.M., Riding R., Aguirre J., Sánchez-Almazo I.M., Dinarès-Turell J. Testing models for the Messinian salinity crisis: the Messinian record in Almeria, SE Spain. Sedimentary Geology 2006, 188-189:131-154.
37. Brandano M., Tomassetti L., Bosellini F., Mazzuchi A. Depositional model and paleodepth reconstruction of a coral-rich, mixed siliciclastic-carbonate system: the Burdigalian of Capo Testa (northern Sardinia, Italy). Facies 2009, 56:433-444.
38. Brebion P., Chevalier J.-P., Colom G., Lecointre G., Rangheard Y. Sur le Tortonien de Formentera et d'Ibiza (Baléares, Espagne). Comptes-Rendus Sommaires de la Sócieté Géologique de France 1968, 1968(5):152-153.
39. Brunn J.H., Chevalier J.P., Marie J.-P. Quelques formes nouvelles de polypiers et de foraminifères de l'Oligocène et du Miocène du NW de la Grèce. Bulletin de la Socidte Geologique de France 1955, 6(5):193-205.
40. Buchbinder B. Middle and Upper Miocene reefs and carbonate platforms in Israel. SEPM Concepts in Sedimentology and Paleontology, Tulsa 1996, 5:333-345. E.K. Franseen, M. Esteban, W.C. Ward, J.-M. Rouchy (Eds.).
41. Cairns S.D. Species richness of recent Scleractinia. Atoll Research Bulletin 1999, 459:1-46.
42. Calvet F., Esteban M., Permanyer A. Mid-Miocene coral reefs in the Gulf of Valencia, NE Spain. Interim Colloqu. R.C.M.N.S., IGCP 343, Marseille, France 1994, 10.
43. Calvet F., Zamarreno I., Vallès D. Late Miocene reefs of the Alicante-Elche Basin, southeast Spain. SEPM Concepts in Sedimentology and Paleontology, Tulsa 1996, 5:177-190. E.K. Franseen, M. Esteban, W.C. Ward, J.-M. Rouchy (Eds.).
44. Catalano R. Scogliere ed evaporiti messiniane in Sicilia. Lavori Istituto di Geologia Univ. Palermo, Università di Palermo 1979, 18:1-21.
45. Chaix C., Saint-Martin J.-P. Les associations coralliennes oligo-miocènes de Malte, un résumé de l'histoire palébiogéographique de la Méditerranée. Interim Colloqu. R.C.M.N.S., IGCP 343, Marseille, France 1994, 12.
46. Chaix C., Moissette P., Saint-Martin J.-P. Réflexions sur les biocénoses et les paléobiocénoses en milieu récifal (Messinien d'Algérie). Bulletin du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris 4ème Série, Section C 1986, 8:219-230.
47. Chave J. Neutral theory and community ecology. Ecology Letters 2004, 7:241-253.
48. Cherchi A., Murru M., Simone L. Miocene carbonate factories in the syn-rift Sardinia graben subbasins (Italy). Facies 2000, 43:223-240.
49. Chevalier J.-P. Les polypiers anthozoaires du Stampien de Gaas (Landes). Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse 1956, 90:375-410.
50. Chevalier J.-P. Quelques considérations sur la vie récifale au Miocène dans le bassin Méditerranéen. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, Série 1959, 7(1):369-374.
51. Chevalier J.-P. Recherches sur les madréporaires et les formations récifales miocènes de la Méditerranée occidentale. Mémoires de la Société Géologique de France 1962, 93:1-558.
52. Chevalier J.-P. Les madréporaires miocènes du Maroc. Notes et Mémoires du Service Géologique 1962, 173:17-75.
53. Chevalier J.-P. Contribution à l'étude des madréporaires néogènes du Portugal et des Açores. Comunicações dos Serviços Geologicos de Portugal 1964, 48:109-139.
54. Chevalier J.-P. Les madréporaires du Néogène et du Quaternaire de l'Angola. Annales du Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Sciences Géologiques 1970, 68:13-32.
55. Chevalier J.-P. Les scléractiniaires du Miocène de Porto Santo (Archipel de Madère). Etude paléontologique. Annales de Paléontologie Invertébrés 1972, 58:141-160.
56. Chevalier J.-P. Les madréporaires du Miocène de Porto Santo (Archipelago de Madère). Travaux Institut de Géologie et de Géophysique 1975, 202:227-232.
57. Chevalier J.-P. Aperçu sur la faune corallienne récifale du Néogène. Mémoires du BRGM 1977, 89:359-366.
58. Chevalier J.-P., Demarq G. Les madréporaires miocènes de la vallée du Rhône. Travaux des Laboratoires de Géologie de la Faculté des Sciences de Lyon, Nouvelle Série 1964, 11:7-48.
59. Chevalier J.-P., Nascimento A. Notes sur la géologie et la paléontologie du Miocène de Lisbonne, 16-Contribution à la connaissance des madréporaires et des faciès récifaux du Miocène inférieur. Boletim da Sociedade Geologica de Portugal 1975, 19:247-281.
60. Coates A.G., Jackson J.B.D. Clonal growth, algal symbiosis and reef formation by corals. Paleobiology 1987, 13(4):363-378.
61. Copper P. Enigmas in Phanerozoic reef development. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Paleontology 1989, 8:371-385.
62. Cowen R. The role of algal symbiosis in reefs through time. Palaios 1988, 3:221-227.
63. Crisci J.V. The voice of historical biogeography. Journal of Biogeography 2001, 28:157-168.
64. Dabrio C.J., Esteban M., Martin J.M. The coral reef of Níjar, Messinian (uppermost Miocene), Almería Province, S.E. Spain. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 1981, 51:521-539.
65. Danese E. Upper Miocene carbonate ramp deposits from the southermost part of Maiella Mountain (Abruzzo), Central Italy). Facies 1999, 41:41-54.
66. Duncan P.M. Sind fossil corals and Alcyonaria. Palaeontologia Indica. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Serie 1880, 14(1):1-110.
67. Elhamzaoui O., Lachkhem H. Les affleurements récifaux de Bou Meriem (Région de Tazouta; S.E. de Fès; Bordure Sud du sillon sud rifain; Maroc). Interim Colloqu. R.C.M.N.S., IGCP 343, Marseille, France 1994, 20.
68. Esteban M. An overview of Miocene reefs from Mediterranean areas: general trends and facies models. SEPM Concepts in Sedimentology and Paleontology, Tulsa 1996, 5:3-54. E.K. Franseen, M. Esteban, W.C. Ward, J.-M. Rouchy (Eds.).
69. Esteban M., Giner J. Messinian coral reefs and erosion surfaces in Cabo de Gata (Almeria, SE Spain). Acta Geologica Hispánica 1980, 15:97-104.
70. Ezard T.H.G., Aze T., Pearson P.N., Purvis A. Interplay between changing climate and species' ecology drives macroevolutionary dynamics. Science 2011, 332:349-351.
71. Fantini Sestini N. La fauna oligocenica dei dintorni di Ovada (Alessandria). Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 1960, 66:403-434.
72. Follows E.J. Patterns of reef sedimentation and diagenesis in the Miocene of Cyprus. Sedimentary Geology 1992, 79:225-253.
73. Follows E.J., Robertson A.H.F., Scoffin T.P. Tectonic controls on Miocene reefs and related carbonate facies in Cyprus. SEPM Concepts in Sedimentology and Paleontology, Tulsa 1996, 5:295-315. E.K. Franseen, M. Esteban, W.C. Ward, J.-M. Rouchy (Eds.).
74. Forst M.H., Brachert T.C., Pais J. High-resolution correlation of coastal cliff sections in the Lagos-Portimão Formation (Lower-Middle Miocene, central Algarve. Portugal). Ciências da Terra (UNL) 2000, 14:289-296.
75. Franseen E.K., Mankiewicz C. Depositional sequences and correlation of middle (?) to late Miocene carbonate complexes, Las Negras and Nijar areas, southeastern Spain. Sedimentology 1991, 38:871-898.
76. Franseen E.K., Goldstein R.H., Whitesell T.E. Sequence stratigraphy of Miocene carbonate complexes, Las Negras areas, southeastern Spain: implications for quantification of changes in relative sea level. AAPG Memoir 57, Tulsa 1993, 409-434. R.G. Loucks, J.F. Sarg (Eds.).
77. Franseen E.K., Esteban M., Ward W.C., Rouchy J.-M. Models for carbonate stratigraphy from Miocene reef complexes of Mediterranean regions. SEPM Concepts in Sedimentology and Paleontology, Tulsa 1996, 5. 391 pp.
78. Fraser R.H., Currie D.J. The species richness-energy hypothesis in a system where historical factors are thought to prevail: coral reefs. American Naturalist 1996, 148:138-159.
79. Fravega P., Giammarino S., Piazza M., Russo A., Vannucci G. Significato paleoecologico degli episodi coralgali a nord di Sassello. Nuovi dati per una ricostruzione paleogeografico-evolutiva del margine meridionale del Bacino Terziario del Piemonte. Atti della Società Toscana di Scienze Naturali 1987, 94:19-76.
80. Fravega P., Piazza M., Stockar R., Vannucci G. Oligocene coral and algal reefs and related facies of Valzemola (Savona, NW Italy). Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 1994, 100:423-456.
81. Friebe J.G. Middle Miocene reefs and related facies in Eastern Austria-II) Styrian Basin. Excursion Guidebook, VI Int. Symp. on Fossil Cnidaria, Münster 1991, 29-47.
82. Frost S.H. Oligocene reef coral biogeography Caribbean and Western Tethys. Mémoires du BRGM 1977, 89:342-352.
83. Frost S.H. Oligocene reef coral biofacies of the Vicentin, northeast Italy. European Fossil Reef Models, SEPM Spec. Publ. 30, Tulsa 1981, 483-539. D.F. Toomey (Ed.).
84. Garcin, M., 1987. Le Bassin de San Miguel de Salinas (Alicante, Espagne), relations entre contexte structuro-sédimentaire et dépôts évaporitiques et carbonatés au Messinien. Ph.D. thesis, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France.
85. Gautret P., Cuif J.-P., Freiwald A. Composition of soluble mineralizing matrices in zooxanthellate and non-zooxanthellate scleractinian corals: biochemical assessment of photosynthetic metabolism through the study of skeletal feature. Facies 1997, 36:189-194.
86. Geister J., Ungaro S. The Oligocene coral formations of the Colli Berici (Vicenza, northern Italy). Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 1977, 70:811-823.
87. Gill G.A., Santantonio M., Lathuilière B. The depth of pelagic deposits in the Tethyan Jurassic and the use of corals: an example from the Apennines. Sedimentary Geology 2004, 166:311-334.
88. Gorka M. The Lower Badenian (Middle Miocene) coral patch reefs at Grobie (southern slopes of the Holy Cross Mountains, Central Poland), its origin, development and demise. Acta Geologica Polonica 2002, 52:521-534.
89. Governato, S., 1993. La corallofauna miocenica della zona di Dolianova (Cagliari), unpublished diploma thesis, Università di Modena, Modena, Italie.
90. Grasso M., Pedley H.M. The Pelagian Islands: a new geological interpretation from sedimentological and tectonic studies and its bearing on the evolution of the Central Mediterranean Sea (Pelagian Block). Geologica Romana 1985, 24:13-34.
91. Grasso M., Pedley H.M. The sedimentology and development of Terravecchia Formation carbonates (Upper Miocene) of North central Sicily: possible eustatic influence on facies development. Sedimentary Geology 1988, 57:131-149.
92. Grasso M., Pedley H.M. Palaeoenvironment of the Upper Miocene coral build-ups along the northern margins of the Caltanisetta Basin (Central Sicily). Atti 3° Simposio di Ecologia e Paleoecologia delle comunità bentoniche, Catania 1989, 373-389.
93. Grasso M., Lentini F., Pedley H.M. Late Tortonian-lower Messinian (Miocene) palaeogeography of SE Sicily: information from two new formations of the Sortino Group. Sedimentary Geology 1982, 32:279-300.
94. Gregory J.W. The fossil fauna of the Samana Range and some neighbouring areas, part VII, The lower Eocene corals, Palaeontologia Indica. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India 1930, 15:80-128.
95. Grunert P., Soliman A., Harzhauser M., Müllegger S., Piller W.E., Roetzel R., Rögl F. Upwelling conditions in the Early Miocene Central Paratethys Sea. Geologica Carpathica 2010, 61:129-145.
96. Hallock P. Reefs and reef limestones in Earth history. Life and Death of Coral Reefs 1997, 13-42. Chapman & Hall, London. C. Birkeland (Ed.).
97. Hallock P. Coral reefs, carbonate sediment, nutrients, and global change. Ancient Reef Ecosystems: Their Evolution, Paleoecology and Importance in Earth History 2001, 388-427. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York. G.D. Stanley (Ed.).
98. Haq B.U., Hardenbol J., Vail P.R. Chronology of fluctuating sea levels since the Triassic. Science 1987, 235:1156-1167.
99. Harzhauser M., Piller W.E. Benchmark data of a changing sea-palaeogeography, palaeobiogeography and events in the Central Paratethys during the Miocene. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2007, 253:8-31.
100. Hayward A.B. Coral reefs in a clastic sedimentary environment: fossil (Miocene, S.W. Turkey) and modern (Recent, Red Sea) analogues. Coral Reefs 1982, 1:109-114.
101. Hayward A.B., Robertson A.H.F., Scoffin T.P. Miocene patch reefs from a Mediterranean marginal terrigenous setting in southwest Turkey. SEPM Concepts in Sedimentology and Paleontology, Tulsa 1996, 5:317-332. E.K. Franseen, M. Esteban, W.C. Ward, J.-M. Rouchy (Eds.).
102. Hladil J., Otava J., Galle A. Oligocene carbonate buildups of the Sirt Basin, Libya. The Geology of Libya 1991, vol. 4:1401-1420. Elsevier, Amsterdam. M.J. Salem, O.S. Hammuda, B.A. Eliagoubi (Eds.).
103. Hubbell S.P. A unified theory of biogeography and relative species abundance and its application to tropical rain forest and coral reefs. Coral Reefs 1997, 16:9-21. Suppl.
104. Karabiyikoglu M., Tuzcu S. Miocene reefal carbonate sedimentation in a late-orogenic molasse basin (the Erzurum-Erzincan basin) in Eastern Turkey. Interim Colloqu. R.C.M.N.S., IGCP 343, Marseille, France 1994, 31.
105. Karabiyikoglu M., Tuzcu S., Ciner A. Miocene reefs in the Antalya foreland basin, western Taurides, Turkey: stratigraphy, facies and paleoenvironmental setting. The 1999 Lyell Meeting, London 1999.
106. Karabiyikoglu M., Tuzcu S., Ciner A., Deynoux M., Örçen S., Hakyeniez A. Facies and environmental setting of the Miocene coral reefs in the late-orogenic fill of the Antalya Basin, western Taurides, Turkey: implications for tectonic control and sea-level changes. Sedimentary Geology 2005, 173:345-371.
107. Krijgsman W., Langereis C.G. Magnetostratigraphy of the Zobzit and Koudiat Zarga sections (Taza-Guercif basin, Morocco): implications for the evolution of the Rifian Corridor. Marine and Petroleum Geology 2000, 17:359-371.
108. Kroeger K.F., Reuter M., Brachert T.C. Palaeoenvironmental reconstruction based on non-geniculate coralline red algal assemblages in Miocene limestone of central Crete. Facies 2006, 52:381-409.
109. Kühn O. Korallensteinkerne im österreichischen Miozän. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 1963, 66:101-112.
110. Kühn O. Korallen und Bryozoen aus der bayerischen Molasse. Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und historische Geologie 1965, 5:29-68.
111. Laborel J. West African reef corals an hypothesis of their origin. Proceedings of the Second International Coral Reef Symposium 1974, 1:425-443. Great Barrier Reef Committee, Brisbane.
112. Lopez Buendia A.M. Arrecifes de coral en el Mioceno Superior de la vertiente norte de la Sierra de Carrascoy (Murcia). Revista Espanola de Paleontologia Extra 1992, 101-111.
113. Mandic O., Harzhauser M., Schlaf J., Piller W., Schuster F., Wielandt-Schuster U., Nebelsick J., Kroh A., Rögl F., Bassant P. Palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of an epicontinental flooding Burdigalian (early Miocene) of the Mut Basin (southern Turkey). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 2004, 248:57-92.
114. Mankiewicz C. Response of reef growth to sea-level changes (late Miocene, Fortuna Basin, southeastern Spain). Palaios 1995, 10:322-336.
115. Mankiewicz C. The middle to upper Miocene carbonate complex of Níjar, Almería Province, southeastern Spain. SEPM Concepts in Sedimentology and Paleontology, Tulsa 1996, 5:141-157. E.K. Franseen, M. Esteban, W.C. Ward, J.-M. Rouchy (Eds.).
116. Marcopoulou-Diacantoni A., Fountoulis J., Lekkas E. Présence de coraux oligocènes (Rupélien) dans le Péloponnèse central-occidental (Grèce). Signification paléoécologique et paléobiogéographique. Géologie Méditerranéenne 1996, 23:11-25.
117. Martin J.M., Braga J.C. Messinian events in the Sorbas Basin in southeastern Spain and their implications in the recent history of the Mediterranean. Sedimentary Geology 1994, 90:257-268.
118. Martin J.M., Braga J.C., Rivas P. Coral successions in Upper Tortonian reefs in SE Spain. Lethaia 1989, 22:271-286.
119. Martin J.M., Braga J.C., Riding R. Late Miocene Halimeda algal-microbial segment reefs in the marginal Mediterranean Sorbas basin, Spain. Sedimentology 1997, 44:441-456.
120. Martín J.M., Braga J.C., Sánchez-Almazo I. The Messinian record of the outcropping marginal Alboran basin deposits: significance and implications. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results 1999, 161:543-551.
121. McCall J., Rosen B.R., Darrell J. Carbonate deposition in accretionary prism settings: early Miocene coral limestones and corals of the Makran Mountain Range in southern Iran. Facies 1994, 31:141-178.
122. Moissette P. Encrusting bryozoans from two Messinian coral reefs of western Algeria. Bryozoa: Ordovician to Recent 1985, 205-212. Olsen & Olsen, Fredensborg. C. Nielsen, G.P. Larwood (Eds.).
123. Moissette P. Bryozoan assemblages in Messinian deposits of western Algeria. Lethaia 1993, 26:247-259.
124. Moissette P., Saint-Martin J.-P. Bryozoaires des milieux récifaux miocènes du sillon sud-rifain au Maroc. Lethaia 1995, 28:271-283.
125. Monleau C., Anglada R., Arnaud M., Montaggioni L., Thomassin B., Rosen B. Aquitanian coral buildups and associated deposits of the Nerthe coast (western Provence, France). I.S.R.S. Meeting, Marseille, Field-trip guidebook, University of Marseille I 1989, 1-19.
126. Monleau C., Anglada R., Arnaud M., Montaggioni L., Nury D., Thomassin B.A., Rosen B. The Oligo-Miocene coral buildups and associated deposits of the Nerthe coast (Western Provence, France), Field-Trip Guidebook. Interim Colloqu. R.C.M.N.S., IGCP 343, Marseille, France 1994, 1-40.
127. Montanaro E. Coralli Tortoniani di Montegibbio (Modena). Bollettino della Societa Geologica Italiana 1929, 48:107-137.
128. 15N) of organic matrix from coral skeleton. PNAS 2005, 102(5):1525-1530.
129. Nebelsick J.H., Drobne K., Bassi D. Microfacies analysis and palaeoenvironmental interpretation of Lower Oligocene, shallow water carbonates (Gornji Grad Beds, Slovenia). Facies 2000, 43:157-176.
130. Obrador A., Pomar L., Taberner C. Late Miocene breccia of Menorca (Balearic Islands): a basis for the interpretation of a Neogene ramp deposit. Sedimentary Geology 1992, 79:203-223.
131. Oosterban A.F.F. Early Miocene corals from the Aquitaine basin (SW France). Mededelingen van de Werkgroep voor Tertiaire en Kwartaire Geologic 1988, 25:247-284.
132. Oosterban A.F.F. Notes on a collection of Badenian (Middle Miocene) corals from Hungary in the National Museum of Natural History at Leiden (The Netherlands). Contributions to Tertiary and Quaternary Geology 1990, 27:3-15.
133. Orszag-Sperber, F., 1978. Le Néogène de la Corse et ses relations avec la géodynamique de la Méditerranée occidentale. Thèse Doctorat d'Etat, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France.
134. Pandolfi J.M. Limited membership in Pleistocene reef coral assemblages from the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea: constancy during global change. Paleobiology 1996, 22:152-176.
135. Pavelić D. The south-western boundary of Central Paratethys. Geologia Croatica 2002, 55:83-92.
136. Pearse V.B., Muscatine L. Role of symbiotic algae (Zooxanthellae) in coral calcification. The Biological Bulletin 1971, 141:350-363.
137. Pedley H.M. Miocene bioherms and associated structures in the Upper Coralline limestone of the Maltese Islands: their lithification and palaeoenvironment. Sedimentology 1979, 26:577-591.
138. Pedley H.M. The petrology and palaeoenvironment of the Sortino Group (Miocene) of SE Sicily: evidence for periodic emergence. Journal of the Geological Society of London 1983, 140:335-350.
139. Pedley H.M. Miocene reef distributions and their associations in the central Mediterranean region: an overview. SEPM Concepts in Sedimentology and Paleontology, Tulsa 1996, 5:73-87. E.K. Franseen, M. Esteban, W.C. Ward, J.-M. Rouchy (Eds.).
140. Pedley H.M. Miocene reef facies of the Pelagian region (central Mediterranean). SEPM Concepts in Sedimentology and Paleontology, Tulsa 1996, 5:247-259. E.K. Franseen, M. Esteban, W.C. Ward, J.-M. Rouchy (Eds.).
141. Pedley H.M. A review of sediment distribution and processes in Oligo-Miocene ramps of southern Italy and Malta (Mediterranean divide). Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. 1998, 149:163-179. London. V.P. Wright, T.P. Burchette (Eds.).
142. Pedley H.M., Grasso M. Upper Miocene peri-Tyrrhenian reefs in the Calabrian Arc: sedimentological, tectonic and palaeogeographic implications. Géologie Méditerranéenne 1994, 21:123-136.
143. Pedley H.M., Grasso M. The sedimentology of late Miocene peri-tyrrhenian reefs in Sicily and Calabria and their tectonic implications. IAS Ischia'94, Ischia, Italie 1994, 322-323.
144. Pedley H.M., Grasso M. A model for the Late Miocene reef-tripolaceous associations of Sicily and its relevance to aberrant growth-forms and reduced biological diversity within the Palaeomediterranean. Interim Colloqu. R.C.M.N.S., IGCP 343, Marseille, France 1994, 47.
145. Pedley H.M., Cugno G., Grasso M. Gravity slide and resedimentation processes in a Miocene carbonate ramp, Hyblean Plateau, southeastern Sicily. Sedimentary Geology 1992, 79:189-202.
146. Perrin C. Changes of palaeozonation patterns within a succession of Miocene coral reefs, Gebel Abu Shaar, Gulf of Suez, Egypt. Lethaia 2000, 33:253-268.
147. Perrin C. Tertiary: The emergence of modern reef ecosystems. SEPM, Spec. Publ. 72, Tulsa 2002, 587-621. W. Kiessling, E. Flügel, J. Golonka (Eds.).
148. Perrin C., Kiessling W. Latitudinal trends in Oligo-Miocene reef patterns and their relationship to climate. Carbonate Systems During the Oligocene-Miocene Climatic Transition, Wiley-Blackwell, IAS Special Publication 2010, 42:17-34. M. Mutti, W.E. Piller, C. Betzler (Eds.).
149. Perrin C., Bosence D.W.J., Rosen B.R. Quantitative approaches to palaeozonation and palaeobathymetry of corals and coralline algae in Cenozoic reefs. Geological Society of London, Special Publication 1995, 83:181-229. London,. D.W.J. Bosence, P.A. Allison (Eds.).
150. Perrin C., Plaziat J.-C., Rosen B.R. The Miocene coral reefs and reef corals of the SW Gulf of Suez and NW Red Sea: distribution, diversity and regional environmental controls. Sedimentation and Tectonics in Rift Basins, Red Sea-Gulf of Aden 1998, 296-319. Chapman and Hall, London. B.H. Purser, D.W.J. Bosence (Eds.).
151. Pfister T. Systematische und paläoökologische Untersuchungen an oligozänen Korallen der Umgebung von San Luca (Provinz Vicenza, Norditalien). Schweizerische Paläontologische Abhandlungen 1980, 103:1-121.
152. Pfister T. Paläoökologie des oligozänen Korallenvorkommens von Cascine südlich Acqui (Piemont, Norditalien). Jahrbuch des Naturhistorischen Museums Bern 1980, 7:247-262.
153. Pfister T. Coral fauna and facies of the Oligocene fringing reef near Cairo Montenotte (Liguria, Northern Italy). Facies 1985, 13:175-226.
154. Piller W.E., Harzhauser M. The myth of the brackish Samartian Sea. Terra Nova 2005, 17:450-455.
155. Piller W.E., Kleemann K. Middle Miocene reefs and related facies in Eastern Austria-I) Vienna Basin. VI Int. Symp. on Fossil Cnidaria, Münster 1991, 1-28.
156. Piller W.E., Harzhauser M., Mandic O. Miocene Central Paratethys stratigraphy-current status and future directions. Stratigraphy 2007, 4:151-168.
157. Pisera A. Paleoecology and lithogenesis of the Middle Miocene (Badenian) algal-vermetid reefs from the Roztocze Hills, south-eastern Poland. Acta Geologica Polonica 1985, 35:89-155.
158. Pisera A. Miocene reefs of the Paratethys: a review. SEPM Concepts in Sedimentology and Paleontology, Tulsa 1996, 5:97-104. E.K. Franseen, M. Esteban, W.C. Ward, J.-M. Rouchy (Eds.).
159. Plaziat J.C., Montenat C., Barrier P., Janin M.C., Orszag-Sperber F., Philobbos E. Stratigraphy of the Egyptian synrift deposits: correlations between axial and peripheral sequences of the north-western Red Sea and Gulf of Suez and their relations with tectonics and eustacy. Sedimentation and Tectonics in Rift Basins, Red Sea-Gulf of Aden 1998, 211-222. Chapman and Hall, London. B.H. Purser, D.W.J. Bosence (Eds.).
160. Pomar L. Reef geometries, erosion surfaces and high-frequency sea-level changes, upper Miocene reef complex, Mallorca, Spain. Sedimentology 1991, 38:243-269.
161. Pomar L., Ward W.C., Green D.G. Upper Miocene reef complex of the Llucmajor area, Mallorca, Spain. SEPM Concepts in Sedimentology and Paleontology, Tulsa 1996, 5:191-225. E.K. Franseen, M. Esteban, W.C. Ward, J.-M. Rouchy (Eds.).
162. Popov S.V., Rögl F., Rozanov A.Y., Steininger F.F., Shcherba I.G., Kovac M. Lithological-paleogeographic maps of Paratethys, 10 maps late Eocene to Pliocene. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 2004, 250:1-46.
163. Porter J.W. Autotrophy, heterotrophy, and resource partitioning in Caribbean reef-building corals. The American Naturalist 1976, 110:731-742.
164. Posadas P., Crisci J.V., Katinas L. Historical biogeography: a review of its basic concepts and critical issues. Journal of Arid Environments 2006, 66:389-403.
165. Radwanski A., Gorka M., Wysocka A. Middle Miocene coralgal facies at Maksymivka near Ternopil (Ukraine), a preliminary account. Acta Geologica Polonica 2006, 56:89-103.
166. Ramos-Guerrero E., Busquets P., Alvarez G., Vilaplana M. Fauna coralina de las plataformas mixtas del Paleogeno de las Baleares. Bolletí de la Societat d'Història Natural de les Balears 1989, 33:9-24.
167. Reinhold C. Guild structure and aggradation pattern of Messinian Porites patch reefs: ecological succession and external environmental control (San Miguel de Salinas, SE Spain). Sedimentary Geology 1995, 97:157-175.
168. Reuter M., Piller W.E., Harzhauser M., Mandic O., Berning B., Rögl F., Kroh A., Wielandt-Schuster U., Hamedani A. The Oligo-/Miocene Qom Formation (Iran): evidence for an early Burdigalian restriction of the Tethyan Seaway and closure of its Iranian gateways. International Journal of Earth Sciences 2009, 98:627-650.
169. Ricklefs R.E. Evolutionary diversification and the origin of the diversity-environment relationship. Ecology 2006, 87:S3-S13. supplt.:.
170. Ricklefs R.E. History and diversity: explorations at the intersection of ecology and evolution. American Naturalist 2007, 170:S56-S70. supplt.:.
171. Riding R., Martin J.M., Braga J.C. Coral-stromatolite reef framework, Upper Miocene, Almería, Spain. Sedimentology 1991, 38:799-818.
172. Riegl B., Piller W.E. Biostromal coral facies-a Miocene example from the Leitha Limestone (Austria) and its actualistic interpretation. Palaios 2000, 15:399-413.
173. Rodriguez-Perea A. La Formación calcarenítica de Sant Elm: un ejemplo de plataforma mixta terrígeno-carbonatada. Pubicaciones de Geología, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona 1984, 20:399-417.
174. Rögl F. Palaeogeographic considerations for Mediterranean and Paratethys seaways (Oligocene to Miocene). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 1998, 99A:279-310.
175. Rögl F. Mediterranean and Paratethys. Facts and hypotheses of an Oligocene to Miocene paleogeography (short overview). Geologica Carpathica 1999, 50:339-349.
176. Romano C., Neri C., Russo A., Russo F. Biofacies analyses of a Lower Messinian Porites bioconstruction (Vibo Valenzia, Calabria). Giornate di Paleontologia 2005 2005, 58. University of Urbino.
177. Roniewicz E., Stolarski J. Miocene Scleractinia from the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland; Part 2-Archaeocoeniina, Astraeina and Fungiina. Acta Geologica Polonica 1991, 41:69-83.
178. Rosen B.R. Depth distribution of Recent hermatypic corals and its palaeontological significance. Mémoires du BRGM 1977, 89:507-517.
179. Rosen B.R. Modular growth and forms of corals: a matter of metamers?. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (B) 1986, 313:115-142.
180. Rosen B.R. Progress, problems and patterns in the biogeography of reef corals and other tropical marine organisms. Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen 1988, 42:269-301.
181. Rosen B.R. Paleoclimatic implications of the energy hypothesis from Neogene corals of the Mediterranean region. The Evolution of Neogene Terrestrial Ecosystems in Europe 1999, 309-327. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. J. Agusti, L. Rook, P. Andrews (Eds.).
182. Rosen B.R. Algal symbiosis, and the collapse and recovery of reef communities: Lazarus corals across the K-T boundary. Biotic Response to Global Change: The Last 145 Million Years 2000, 164-180. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. S.J. Culver, P.F. Rawson (Eds.).
183. Rowan R., Powers D.A. Molecular genetic identification of symbiotic dinoflagellates (zooxanthellae). Marine Ecology-Progress Series 1991, 71:65-73.
184. Rowan R., Powers D.A. A molecular genetic classification of zooxanthellae and the evolution of animal-algal symbioses. Science 1991, 251:1348-1351.
185. Saint Martin J.-P., Conesa G., Cornée J.J. A new type of Messinian composite microbialitic build-up (Salemi, Sicily, Italy). Sedimentary Geology 1996, 106:51-63.
186. Saint-Martin J.-P. Le phénomène récifal messinien en Oranie (Algérie). Géobios, Mémoire Spécial 1984, 8:159-166.
187. Saint-Martin, J.-P., 1987. Les formations récifales coralliennes du Miocène supérieur d'Algérie et du Maroc. Aspects paléoécologiques et paléogéographiques, Thèse Doctorat d'Etat, Université Aix-Marseille I, Marseille, France.
188. Saint-Martin J.-P. Messinian coral reefs of western Orania, Algeria. SEPM Concepts in Sedimentology and Paleontology, Tulsa 1996, 5:239-246. E.K. Franseen, M. Esteban, W.C. Ward, J.-M. Rouchy (Eds.).
189. Saint-Martin J.-P. Implications de la présence de mud-mounds microbiens au Messinien (Sicile, Italie). Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences de Paris, Série IIA 2001, 332:527-534.
190. Saint-Martin J.-P., Chaix C. Sur la paléoécologie des formations récifales du Miocène supérieur d'Oranie occidentale. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences. Série II 1981, 292:1341-1343.
191. Saint-Martin J.-P., Cornée J.-J. The Messinian reef complex of Melilla, northeastern Rif, Morocco. SEPM Concepts in Sedimentology and Paleontology, Tulsa 1996, 5:227-237. E.K. Franseen, M. Esteban, W.C. Ward, J.-M. Rouchy (Eds.).
192. Saint-Martin J.-P., Cornée J.-J., Muller J. Nouvelles données sur le système de plate-forme carbonatée du Messinien des environs d'Oran (Algérie). Conséquences. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences de Paris, Série IIA 1995, 320:837-843.
193. Santisteban G., Taberner C. Sedimentary models of siliciclastic deposits and coral reefs inter-relation. Development in Sedimentology 1988, 42:35-77. Elsevier, Amsterdam. L.J. Doyle, H.H. Roberts (Eds.).
194. Schuster F. Oligocene scleractinian corals from Doutsiko (Mesohellenic Basin, northwestern Greece). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 2002, 239:83-127.
195. Schuster F. Oligocene and Miocene examples of Acropora-dominated palaeoenvironments: Mesohellenic Basin (NW Greece) and northern Gulf of Suez (Egypt). Proc. 9th Internat. Coral Reef Symposium 2002, 1:199-204. Bali.
196. Schuster F. Scleractinian corals from the Oligocene of the Qom Formation (Esfahan-Sirjan fore-arc basin, Iran). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 2002, 239:5-55.
197. Schuster F. Early Miocene scleractinian corals from the Qom and Asmari formations (central and southwest Iran). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 2002, 239:129-161.
198. Schuster F. Early Miocene corals and associated sediments of the northwestern Gulf of Suez, Egypt. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 2002, 239:57-81.
199. Schuster F., Wielandt U. Oligocene and Early Miocene coral faunas from Iran: palaeoecology and palaeobiogeography. International Journal of Earth Sciences 1999, 88:571-581.
200. Silvestri G., Bosellini F.R., Nebelsick J.H. Microtaphofacies analysis of Lower Oligocene turbid-water coral assemblages. Palaios 2011, 26:805-820.
201. Soria J.M., Fernandez J., Viseras C. Late Miocene stratigraphy and palaeogeographic evolution of the intramontane Guadix Basin (Central Betic Cordillera, Spain): implications for an Atlantic-Mediterranean connection. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 1999, 151:255-266.
202. Stanley G.D. The evolution of modern corals and their early history. Earth-Science Reviews 2003, 60:195-225.
203. Stanley G.D. Photosymbiosis and the evolution of modern coral reefs. Science 2006, 312:857-858.
204. Stanley G.D., Swart P. Evolution of the coral-zooxanthellae symbiosis during the Triassic: a geochemical approach. Paleobiology 1995, 21(2):179-199.
205. Talent J.A. Organic reef-building: episodes of extinction and symbiosis?. Senckenbergiana Lethaea 1988, 69:315-368.
206. Trench R.K. Diversity of symbiotic dinoflagellates and the evolution of microalgal-invertebrate symbioses. Proceedings of the 8th International Coral Reef Symposium 1997, 2:1275-1286. Panama.
207. Tsaparas N., Marcopoulou-Diacantoni A. Tortonian scleractinian corals from the island of Gavdos (South Greece). Revue de Paléobiologie 2005, 24:629-637.
208. van Assen E., Kuiper K.F., Barhoun N., Krijgsman W., Sierro F.J. Messinian astrochronology of the Melilla Basin: stepwise restriction of the Mediterranean-Atlantic connection through Morocco. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2006, 238:15-31.
209. Vecsei A., Sanders D.G.K. Sea-level highstand and lowstand shedding related to shelf margin aggradation and emersion, Upper Eocene-Oligocene of Maiella carbonate platform, Italy. Sedimentary Geology 1997, 112:219-234.
210. Vennin E., Rouchy J.M., Chaix C., Blanc-Valleron M., Caruso A., Rommevau V. Paleoecological constraints on reef-coral morphologies in the Tortonian-early Messinian of the Lorca basin, SE Spain. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2004, 213:163-185.
211. Veron J.E.N. Corals in Space and Time; the Biogeography and Evolution of the Scleractinia 1995, University of New South Wales Press, Sydney, 321 pp.
212. Vissers R.L.M., Platt J.P., van der Wal D. Late orogenic extension of the Betic Cordillera and the Alboran domain; a lithospheric view. Tectonics 1995, 4:786-803.
213. Wells J.W. Scleractinia. Treatise of Invertebrate Paleontology: Part F, Coelenterata 1956, F328-F444. University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas. R.C. Moore (Ed.).
214. Wijman-Best M., Boekschoten G.J. On the coral fauna in the Miocene reef at Baixo, Porto Santo (Eastern Atlantic). Netherland Journal of Zoology 1982, 32:412-418.
215. Wilson M., Downes H. Tertiary-Quaternary extension related alkaline magmatism in western and central Europe. Journal of Petrology 1991, 32:811-849.
216. Wilson M.E.J., Rosen B.R. Implications of paucity of corals in the Paleogene of SE Asia: plate tectonics or Centre of Origin?. Biogeography and Geological Evolution of SE Asia 1998, 165-195. Backhuys, Leiden. R. Hall, J.D. Holloway (Eds.).
217. Wrobel F., Michalzik D. Facies successions in the pre-evaporitic Late Miocene of the Lorca Basin, SE Spain. Sedimentary Geology 1999, 127:171-191.