Scaling of high-order harmonic generation in the long wavelength limit of a strong laser field

IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics

Volumn 18, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 419-433

  Dichiara, Anthony D ^a   Ghimire, Shambhu ^b   Blaga, Cosmin I ^a   Sistrunk, Emily ^a   Power, Erik P ^d   March, Anne M ^d   Miller, Terry A ^e   Reis, David A ^b,c   Agostini, Pierre ^a   Dimauro, Louis F ^a  

^a OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b SLAC NATIONAL ACCELERATOR LABORATORY   (United States)

^c STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

^e ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

Atomic physics; frequency conversion; laser amplifiers; optical propagation in absorbing media; photoionization

Indexed keywords

ATTOSECONDS; BULK CRYSTALS; CONDENSED PHASE; DAMAGE THRESHOLD; FREQUENCY CONVERSIONS; HIGH HARMONIC GENERATION; HIGH ORDER HARMONIC GENERATION; ISOLATED ATOMS; KELDYSH PARAMETER; LASER AMPLIFIERS; LONG WAVELENGTH; LONG WAVELENGTH LASERS; LONG-WAVELENGTH LIMITS; MID-INFRARED SPECTRAL REGIONS; STRONG LASER FIELD; STRONG-FIELD PHYSICS; TABLETOP LASERS; TRANSMISSION WINDOW; WAVELENGTH CONTROL;

ATOMIC PHYSICS; BINDING ENERGY; IONIZATION; PHOTOIONIZATION;

HARMONIC GENERATION;

EID: 84856977493     PISSN: 1077260X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2011.2158391     Document Type: Review

References (71)

1. T. H. Maiman, "Stimulated optical radiation in ruby," Nature, vol. 187, pp. 493-494, 1960.
2. P. Dupre and T. A. Miller, "Quasi-fourier-transform limited, scannable, high energy titanium-sapphire laser source for high resolution spectroscopy," Rev. Sci. Inst. , vol. 78, pp. 033102-1-033102-12, 2007.
3. L. F. DiMauro, J. Arthur, N. Berrah, J. Bozek, J. N. Galayda, and J. Hastings, "Progress report on the LCLS XFEL at SLAC," J. Phys. : Conf. Series, vol. 88, pp. 012058-1-012058-6, 2007.
4. P. Agostini and L. F. DiMauro, "Atoms in high intensity mid-infrared pulses," Contemp. Phys. , vol. 49, pp. 179-197, 2008.
5. E. K. Damon and R. G. Tomlinson, "Observation of ionization of gases by a ruby laser," Appl. Opt. , vol. 2, pp. 546-547, 1963.
6. W. Zernik, "Two-photon ionization of atomic hydrogen," Phys. Rev. , vol. 135, pp. A51-A57, 1964.
7. A. Gold and H. B. Bebb, "Multiphoton ionization of hydrogen and rare-gas atoms," Phys. Rev. , vol. 143, pp. 1-24, 1966.
8. L. V. Keldysh, "Ionization in the field of a strong electromagnetic wave," Sov. Phys. JETP, vol. 20, pp. 1307-1314, 1965.
9. M. V. Amosov, N. B. Delone, and V. P. Krainov, "Tunnel ionization of complex atoms and of atomic ions in an alternating electromagnetic field," Sov. Phys. JETP, vol. 64, pp. 1191-1194, 1986.
10. A. Talebpour, C.-Y. Chien, Y. Liangz, S. Larochelle, and S. L. Chin, "Nonsequential ionization of Xe and Kr in an intense femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser pulse," J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. , vol. 30, pp. 1721-1730, 1997. (Pubitemid 127573496)
11. B. Walker, B. Sheehy, L. F. DiMauro, P. Agostini, K. J. Schafer, and K. C. Kulander, "Precision measurement of strong field double ionization of helium," Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol. 73, pp. 1227-1230, 1994. (Pubitemid 24976428)
12. J. Rudati, J. L. Chaloupka, P. Agostini, K. C. Kulander, and L. F. DiMauro, "Multiphoton double ionization via field-independent resonant excitation," Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol. 20, pp. 203001-1-203001-4, 2004.
13. E. Karule, "Two-photon ionisation of atomic hydrogen simultaneously with one-photon ionisation," J. Phys. B: At. Mol Phys. , vol. 11, pp. 441-447, 1978.
14. W. Becker, F. Grasbon, R. Kopold, D. B. Milosevic, G. G. Paulus, and H. Walther, "Above-threshold ionization: From classical features to quantum effects," Adv. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. , vol. 48, pp. 35-98, 2002.
15. K. J. Schafer, B. Yang, L. F. DiMauro, and K. C. Kulander, "Above threshold ionization beyond the high harmonic cutoff," Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol. 70, pp. 1599-1602, 1993.
16. P. B. Corkum, "Plasma perspective on strong-field multiphoton ionization," Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol. 71, pp. 1994-1997, 1993.
17. J. Tate, T. Auguste, H. G. Muller, P. Salieres, P. Agostini, and L. F. DiMauro, "Scaling of wave-packet dynamics in an intense mid-infrared field," Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol. 98, pp. 013901-1-013901-4, 2007.
18. R. W. Boyd, Nonlinear Optics. Academic Press, 1992.
19. B. W. Shore and P. L. Knight, "Enhancement of high optical harmonics by excess-photon ionisation," J. Phys. B At. Mol. Opt. Phys. , vol. 20, pp. 413-423, 1987.
20. H. B. van Linden, van den Heuvell, and H. G. Muller, "Limiting cases of excess-photon ionization," in Multiphoton Processes, S. J. Smith and P. L. Knight, Eds. Cambridge, U. K. : Cambridge Univ. Press, 1987, pp. 25-34.
21. J. L. Krause, K. J. Schafer, and K. C. Kulander, "High-order harmonic generation from atoms and ions in the high intensity regime," Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol. 68, pp. 3535-3538, 1992.
22. K. C. Kulander, K. J. Schafer, and J. L. Krause, "Dynamics of short-pulse excitation, ionization and harmonic conversion," in Super-Intense Laser-Atom Physics, B. Piraux, A. L'Huillier, and K. Rz?zewski, Eds. New York, NY: Plenum Press, pp. 95-110.
23. M. Lewenstein, Ph. Balcou, M. Yu. Ivanov, A. L'Huillier, and P. B. Corkum, "Theory of high-harmonic generation by low-frequency laser fields," Phys. Rev. A, vol. 49, pp. 2117-2132, 1994.
24. P. Salieres, A. L'Huillier, and M. Lewenstein, "Coherence control of highorder harmonics," Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol. 74, pp. 3776-3779, 1995.
25. M. B. Gaarde, J. L. Tate, and K. J. Schafer, "Macroscopic aspects of attosecond pulse generation," J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. , vol. 41, pp. 132001-1-132001-26, 2008.
26. A. D. Shiner, C. Trallero-Herrero, N. Kajumba, H.-C. Bandulet, D. Comtois, F. Légaré, M. Giguère, J.-C. Kieffer, P. B. Corkum, and D. M. Villeneuve, "Wavelength scaling of high harmonic generation efficiency," Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol. 103, pp. 073902-1-073902-4, 2009.
27. T. Popmintchev, M.-C. Chen, P Arpin, M. M. Murnane, andH. C. Kapteyn, "The attosecond nonlinear optics of bright coherent X-ray generation," Nat. Phot. , vol. 4, pp. 822-832, 2010.
28. K. Schiessl, K. L. Ishikawa, E. Persson, and J. Burgdörfer, "Quantum path interference in wavelength dependence of high-harmonic generation," Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol. 99, pp. 253903-1-253903-4, 2007.
29. W. Becker, S. Long, and J. K. McIver, "Modeling harmonic generation by a zero-range potential," Phys. Rev. A, vol. 50, pp. 1540-1560, 1994.
30. G. Farkas and S. Toth, "Proposal for attosecond pulse generation using laser-induced multiple-harmonic conversion processes in rare gases," Phys. Lett. A, vol. 168, pp. 447-450, 1992.
31. S. E. Harris, J. J. Macklin, and T. W. Hansch, "Atomic scale temporal structure inherent to high-order harmonic generation," Opt. Commun. , vol. 100, pp. 487-490, 1993. (Pubitemid 23683465)
32. G. Sansone, E. Benedetti, F. Calegari, C. Vozzi, L. Avaldi, R. Flammini, L. Poletto, P. Villoresi, C. Altucci, R. Velotta, S. Stagira, S. De Silvestri, and M. Nisoli, "Isolated single-cycle attosecond pulses," Science, vol. 314, pp. 443-446, 2006. (Pubitemid 44628960)
33. M. Lewenstein, P. Salieres, and A. L'Huillier, "Phase of the atomic polarization in high-order harmonic generation," Phys. Rev. A, vol. 52, pp. 4747-4754, 1995.
34. M. Saeed, D. Kim, and L. F. DiMauro, "Optimization and characterization of a high-repetition rate, high-powered Nd:YLF regenerative amplifier," Appl. Opt. , vol. 29, pp. 1752-1757, 1990.
35. M. J. W. Rodwell, D. M. Bloom, and K. J. Weingarten, "Subpicosecond laser timing stabilization," IEEE J. Quant. Elec. , vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 817-827, Apr. 1989.
36. S. Cussat-Blanc, A. Ivanov, D. Lupinski, and E. Freysz, "KTiOPO4, KTiOAsO4, KnbO3 crystals for mid-infrared femtosecond optical parametric amplifiers: analysis and comparison," Appl. Phys. B, vol. 70, pp. S247-S252, 2000.
37. G. Hansson, H. Karlsson, S. Wang, and F. Laurell, "Transmission measurements in KTP and isomorphic compounds," Appl. Opt. , vol. 39, pp. 5058-5069, 2000.
38. P. Agostini and L. F. DiMauro, "The physics of attosecond pulses," Rep. Prog. Phys. , vol. 67, pp. 813-855, 2004.
39. B. Shan and Z. Chang, "Dramatic extension of the high order harmonic cutoff by using a long-wavelength driving field," Phys. Rev. A, vol. 65, pp. 011804-1-011804-4, 2001.
40. P. Colosimo, G. Doumy, C. I. Blaga, J. Wheeler, C. Hauri, F. Catoire, J. Tate, R. Chirla, A. M. March, G. G. Paulus, H. G. Muller, P. Agostini, and L. F. Dimauro, "Scaling strong-field interactions towards the classical limit," Nat. Phys. , vol. 4, pp. 386-389, 2008.
41. B. Sheehy, J. D. D. Martin, L. F. DiMauro, P. Agostini, K. J. Schafer, M. B. Gaarde, and K. C. Kulander, "High harmonic generation at long wavelengths," Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol. 83, pp. 5270-5273, 1999. (Pubitemid 129585406)
42. T. Popmintchev, M.-C. Chen, O. Cohen, M. E. Grisham, J. J. Rocca, M. M. Murnane, and H. C. Kapteyn, "Extended phase matching of high harmonics driven by mid-infrared light," Opt. Lett. , vol. 33, pp. 2128-2130, 2008.
43. T. Popmintchev, M.-C. Chen, A. Bahabad, M. Gerrity, P. Sidorenko, O. Cohen, I. P. Christov, M. M. Murnane, and H. C. Kapteyn, "Phase matching of high harmonic generation in the soft and hard X-ray regions of the spectrum," Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. , vol. 106, pp. 10516-10521, 2009.
44. M.-C. Chen, P. Arpin, T. Popmintchev, M. Gerrity, B. Zhang, M. Seaberg, D. Popmintchev, M. M. Murnane, and H. C. Kapteyn, "Bright, coherent ultrafast soft X-ray harmonics spanning the water window from a tabletop light source," Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol. 105, pp. 173901-1-173901-4, 2010.
45. J. C. Diels and W. Rudolf, Ultrashort Laser Pulse Phenomena. New York, NY: Academic Press, 1996.
46. Y. Mairesse, A. de Bohan, L. J. Frasinski, H. Merdji, L. C. Dinu, P. Monchicourt, P. Breger, M. Kovacev, R. Ta?eb, B. Carre, H. G. Muller, P. Agostini, and P. Salieres, "Attosecond synchronization of high-harmonic soft X-rays," Science, vol. 302, pp. 1540-1543, 2003. (Pubitemid 37475691)
47. G. Doumy, J. Wheeler, C. Roedig, R. Chirla, P. Agostini, and L. F. Di-Mauro, "Attosecond synchronization of high-order harmonics from midinfrared drivers," Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol. 102, pp. 093002-1-093002-4, 2009.
48. N. Dudovich, O. Smirnova, J. Levesque, Y. Mairesse, M. YU. Ivanov, D. M. Villeneuve, and P. B. Corkum, "Measuring and controlling the birth of attosecond XUV pulses," Nat. Phys. , vol. 2, pp. 781-786, 2006. (Pubitemid 44691286)
49. D. C. Yost, T. R. Schibli, J. Ye, J. L. Tate, J. Hostetter, M. B. Gaarde, and K. J. Schafer, "Vacuum-ultraviolet frequency combs from below-threshold harmonics," Nat. Phys. , vol. 5, pp. 815-820, 2009.
50. E. P. Powers, A. M. March, F. Catoire, E. Sistrunk, K. Krushelnick, P. Agostini, and L. F. DiMauro, "XFROG phase measurement of threshold harmonics in a Keldysh-scaled system," Nat. Phot. , vol. 4, pp. 352-356, 2010.
51. J. Mauritsson, P. Johnsson, R. López Martens, K. Varjú, W. Kornelis, J. Biegert, U. Keller, M. B. Gaarde, K. J. Schafer, and A. L' Huillier, "Measurement and control of the frequency chirp rate of high-order harmonic pulses," Phys. Rev. A, vol. 70, pp. 021801-1-021801-4, 2004.
52. K. W. DeLong, D. N. Fittinghoff, R. Trebino, B. Kohler, and K. Wilson, "Pulse retrieval in frequency-resolved optical gating based on the method of generalized projections," Opt. Lett. , vol. 19, pp. 2152-2154, 1994.
53. Z. Wang, E. Zeek, and R. Trebino, "Determining error bars in measurements of ultrashort laser pulses," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, vol. 20, pp. 2400-2405, 2003.
54. Q. Su and J. H. Eberly, "Model atom for multiphoton physics," Phys. Rev. A, vol. 44, pp. 5997-6008, 1991.
55. K. J. Schafer and K. C. Kulander, "High harmonic generation from ultrafast pump lasers," Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol. 78, pp. 638-641, 1997. (Pubitemid 127648001)
56. A. Börzsönyi, Z. Heiner, M. P. Kalashnikov, A. P. Kovács, and K. Osvay, "Dispersion measurement of inert gases and gas mixtures at 800 nm," Appl. Opt. , vol. 47, pp. 4856-4863, 2008.
57. R. B. Miles and S. E. Harris, "Optical third-harmonic generation in alkali metal vapors," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. , vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 470-484, Apr. 1973.
58. P. Balcou, A. S. Dederichs, M. B. Gaarde, and A. L'Huillier, "Quantumpath analysis and phase matching of high-order harmonic generation and high-order frequency mixing processes in strong laser fields," J. Phys. B, vol. 32, pp. 2973-2989, 1999.
59. A. Flettner, T. Pfeifer, D. Walter, C. Winterfeldt, C. Spielmann, and G. Gerber, "High-harmonic generation and plasma radiation from water microdroplets," Appl. Phys. B: Lasers and Optics, vol. 77, pp. 747-751, 2003.
60. A. D. DiChiara, E. Sistrunk, T. A. Miller, P. Agostini, and L. F. DiMauro, "An investigation of harmonic generation in liquid media with a midinfrared laser," Opt. Exp. , vol. 17, pp. 20959-20965, 2009.
61. R. Zürl and H. Graener, "High-harmonic generation of mid-IR pulses in simple liquids," Appl. Phys. B, vol. 66, pp. 213-216, 1998. (Pubitemid 128662983)
62. R. L. Carman, D. W. Forslund, and J. M. Kindel, "Visible harmonic emission as a way of measuring profile steepening," Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol. 46, pp. 29-32, 1981.
63. S. Ghimire, A. D. DiChiara, E. Sistrunk, P. Agostini, L. F. DiMauro, and D. Reis, "Observation of High-order Harmonic Generation in a Bulk Crystal," Nat. Phys. , vol. 7, pp. 138-141, 2011.
64. J. L. Krause, K. J. Schafer, and K. C. Kulander, "High-order harmonic generation from atoms and ions in the high intensity regime," Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol. 68, pp. 3535-3538, 1992.
65. K. D. Schultz, C. I. Blaga, R. Chirla, P. Colosimo, J. Cryan, A. M. March, C. Roedig, E. Sistrunk, J. Tate, J. Wheeler, P. Agostini, and L. F. DiMauro, "Strong-field physics with mid-infrared lasers," J. Mod. Opt. , vol. 54, pp. 1075-1085, 2007.
66. D. Golde, T. Meier, and S. W. Koch, "High harmonics generated in semiconductor nanostructures by the coupled dynamics of optical inter-and intraband excitations," Phys. Rev. B. , vol. 77, pp. 075330-075335, 2008.
67. M. Goano, F. Bertazzi, M. Penna, and E. Bellotti, "Electronic structure of wurtzite ZnO: Nonlocal pseudopotential and ab initio calculations," J. Appl. Phys. , vol. 102, pp. 083709-083709-11, 2007.
68. M. J. Tauber, R. A. Mathies, X. Chen, and S. E. Bradforth, "Flowing liquid sample jet for resonance Raman and ultrafast optical spectroscopy," Rev. Sci. Instrum. , vol. 74, pp. 4958-4960, 2003.
69. O. G. Calderón and A. H. Chin, "Multiphoton processes in the presence of self phase-modulation," Phys. Rev. A, vol. 63, pp. 053807-053807-9, 2001.
70. J. F. Reintjes, Nonlinear Optical Parametric Processes in Liquids and Gases. New York, NY: Academic Press, 1984.
71. E. Constant, D. Garzella, P. Breger, E. Mével, C. Dorrer, C. Le Blanc, F. Salin, and P. Agostini, "Optimizing high harmonic generation is absorbing gases: model and experiment," Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol. 82, pp. 1668-1671, 1999. (Pubitemid 129309014)