Functional neural correlates of psychometric schizotypy: An fMRI study of antisaccades

Psychophysiology

Volumn 49, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 345-356

  Aichert, Désirée S ^a   Williams, Steven C R ^b   Möller, Hans Jürgen ^a   Kumari, Veena ^b   Ettinger, Ulrich ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

^b KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Eye movements; Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Schizophrenia; Schizotypal personality

Indexed keywords

EID: 84856753424     PISSN: 00485772     EISSN: 14698986     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01306.x     Document Type: Article

References (84)

1. Abi-Dargham, A., Gil, R., Krystal, J., Baldwin, R. M., Seibyl, J. P., Bowers, M., ... Laruelle, M. (1998). Increased striatal dopamine transmission in schizophrenia: Confirmation in a second cohort. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 761-767.
2. Abi-Dargham, A., Kegeles, L. S., Zea-Ponce, Y., Mawlawi, O., Martinez, D., Mitropoulou, V., ... Siever, L. J. (2004). Striatal amphetamine-induced dopamine release in patients with schizotypal personality disorder studied with single photon emission computed tomography and [123i]iodobenzamide. Biological Psychiatry, 55, 1001-1006. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.01.018
3. Abi-Dargham, A., & Moore, H. (2003). Prefrontal DA transmission at D1 receptors and the pathology of schizophrenia. Neuroscientist, 9, 404-416. doi: 10.1177/1073858403252674
4. Andreasen, N. C., Paradiso, S., & O'Leary, D. S. (1998). "Cognitive dysmetria" as an integrative theory of schizophrenia: A dysfunction in cortical-subcortical-cerebellar circuitry? Schizophrenia Bulletin, 24, 203-218.
5. Andreasen, N. C., & Pierson, R. (2008). The role of the cerebellum in schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry, 64, 81-88. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.01.003
6. Brenner, C. A., McDowell, J. E., Cadenhead, K. S., & Clementz, B. A. (2001). Saccadic inhibition among schizotypal personality disorder subjects. Psychophysiology, 38, 399-403. doi: 10.1111/1469-8986.3830399
7. Brett, M., Anton, J. L., Valabregue, R., & Poline, J. B. (2002). Region of interest analysis using an SPM toolbox [abstract]. Paper presented at the the 8th International Conference on Functional Mapping of the Human Brain, June 2-6, 2002, Sendai, Japan.
8. Brett, M., Johnsrude, I. S., & Owen, A. M. (2002). The problem of functional localization in the human brain. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 3, 243-249. doi: 10.1038/nrn756
9. Butler, P. D., Schechter, I., Zemon, V., Schwartz, S. G., Greenstein, V. C., Gordon, J., ... Javitt, D. C. (2001). Dysfunction of early-stage visual processing in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 1126-1133. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.158.7.1126
10. Butler, P. D., Zemon, V., Schechter, I., Saperstein, A. M., Hoptman, M. J., Lim, K. O., ... Javitt, D. C. (2005). Early-stage visual processing and cortical amplification deficits in schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 495-504. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.62.5.495
11. Calkins, M. E., Curtis, C. E., Iacono, W. G., & Grove, W. M. (2004). Antisaccade performance is impaired in medically and psychiatrically healthy biological relatives of schizophrenia patients. Schizophrenia Research, 71, 167-178. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2003.12.005
12. Calkins, M. E., Iacono, W. G., & Ones, D. S. (2008). Eye movement dysfunction in first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia: A meta-analytic evaluation of candidate endophenotypes. Brain and Cognition, 68, 436-461. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2008.09.001
13. Camchong, J., Dyckman, K. A., Austin, B. P., Clementz, B. A., & McDowell, J. E. (2008). Common neural circuitry supporting volitional saccades and its disruption in schizophrenia patients and relatives. Biological Psychiatry, 64, 1042-1050. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.06.015
14. Claridge, G. (1997). Theoretical background and issues. In G. Claridge (Ed.), Schizotypy: Implications for illness and health (pp. 3-18). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
15. Clark, C., Kopala, L., Li, D. K., & Hurwitz, T. (2001). Regional cerebral glucose metabolism in never-medicated patients with schizophrenia. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 46, 340-345.
16. 99mTc-HMPAO SPET study. Psychological Medicine, 26, 265-277. doi: 10.1017/S0033291700034668
17. Dinn, W. M., Harris, C. L., Aycicegi, A., Greene, P., & Andover, M. S. (2002). Positive and negative schizotypy in a student sample: Neurocognitive and clinical correlates. Schizophrenia Research, 56, 171-185. doi: 10.1016/S0920-9964(01)00230-4
18. Ettinger, U., Chitnis, X. A., Kumari, V., Fannon, D. G., Sumich, A. L., O'Ceallaigh, S., ... Sharma, T. (2001). Magnetic resonance imaging of the thalamus in first-episode psychosis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 116-118. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.158.1.116
19. Ettinger, U., ffytche, D. H., Kumari, V., Kathmann, N., Reuter, B., Zelaya, F., & Williams, S. C. (2008). Decomposing the neural correlates of antisaccade eye movements using event-related fMRI. Cerebral Cortex, 18, 1148-1159. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhm147
20. Ettinger, U., Kumari, V., Crawford, T. J., Flak, V., Sharma, T., Davis, R. E., & Corr, P. J. (2005). Saccadic eye movements, schizotypy, and the role of neuroticism. Biological Psychology, 68, 61-78. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2004.03.014
21. Ettinger, U., Picchioni, M., Landau, S., Matsumoto, K., Van Haren, N., Marshall, N., ... Murray, R. M. (2007). Magnetic resonance imaging of the thalamus and adhesio interthalamica in twins with schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64, 401-409. doi: 64/4/401[pii]10.1001/archpsyc.64.4.401
22. Eysenck, H. J., & Eysenck, S. B. G. (1991). Manual of the Eysenck Personality Scales (EPS adult). London: Hodder and Stoughton.
23. Fanous, A. H., Gardner, C., Walsh, D., & Kendler, K. S. (2001). Relationship between positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia and schizotypal symptoms in nonpsychotic relatives. Archives of General Psychiatry, 58, 669-673. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.58.7.669
24. Fanous, A. H., Neale, M. C., Gardner, C. O., Webb, B. T., Straub, R. E., O'Neill, F. A., ... Kendler, K. S. (2007). Significant correlation in linkage signals from genome-wide scans of schizophrenia and schizotypy. Molecular Psychiatry, 12, 958-965. doi: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001996
25. First, M. B., Spitzer, R. L., Gibbon, M., & Williams, J. B. W. (1996). Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders, clinical version (SCID-CV) Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
26. Friedman, N. P., Miyake, A., Young, S. E., Defries, J. C., Corley, R. P., & Hewitt, J. K. (2008). Individual differences in executive functions are almost entirely genetic in origin. Journal of Experimental Psychology. General, 137, 201-225. doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.137.2.201
27. Fukumoto-Motoshita, M., Matsuura, M., Ohkubo, T., Ohkubo, H., Kanaka, N., Matsushima, E., ... Matsuda, T. (2009). Hyperfrontality in patients with schizophrenia during saccade and antisaccade tasks: A study with fMRI. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 63, 209-217. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2009.01941.x
28. Fukushima, J., Fukushima, K., Chiba, T., Tanaka, S., Yamashita, I., & Kato, M. (1988). Disturbances of voluntary control of saccadic eye movements in schizophrenic patients. Biological Psychiatry, 23, 670-677.
29. Gooding, D. C. (1999). Antisaccade task performance in questionnaire-identified schizotypes. Schizophrenia Research, 35, 157-166.
30. Gooding, D. C., & Basso, M. A. (2008). The tell-tale tasks: A review of saccadic research in psychiatric patient populations. Brain and Cognition, 68, 371-390. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2008.08.024
31. Gooding, D. C., Miller, M. D., & Kwapil, T. R. (2000). Smooth pursuit eye tracking and visual fixation in psychosis-prone individuals. Psychiatry Research, 93, 41-54.
32. Gray, N. S., Pickering, A. D., & Gray, J. A. (1994). Psychoticism and dopamine d2 binding in the basal ganglia using single photon emission tomography. Personality and Individual Differences, 17, 431-434. doi: 10.1016/0191-8869(94)90289-5
33. Grosbras, M. H., Laird, A. R., & Paus, T. (2005). Cortical regions involved in eye movements, shifts of attention, and gaze perception. Human Brain Mapping, 25, 140-154. doi: 10.1002/hbm.20145
34. Gruzelier, J. H. (1996). The factorial structure of schizotypy: Part I. Affinities with syndromes of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 22, 611-620.
35. Gur, R. E., Maany, V., Mozley, P. D., Swanson, C., Bilker, W., & Gur, R. C. (1998). Subcortical MRI volumes in neuroleptic-naive and treated patients with schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 1711-1717.
36. Haenschel, C., Bittner, R. A., Haertling, F., Rotarska-Jagiela, A., Maurer, K., Singer, W., & Linden, D. E. (2007). Contribution of impaired early-stage visual processing to working memory dysfunction in adolescents with schizophrenia: A study with event-related potentials and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64, 1229-1240. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.64.11.1229
37. Hazlett, E. A., Buchsbaum, M. S., Byne, W., Wei, T. C., Spiegel-Cohen, J., Geneve, C., ... Siever, L. J. (1999). Three-dimensional analysis with MRI and PET of the size, shape, and function of the thalamus in the schizophrenia spectrum. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 1190-1199.
38. Hazlett, E. A., Buchsbaum, M. S., Kemether, E., Bloom, R., Platholi, J., Brickman, A. M., ... Byne, W. (2004). Abnormal glucose metabolism in the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 305-314. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.161.2.305
39. Holahan, A. L., & O'Driscoll, G. A. (2005). Antisaccade and smooth pursuit performance in positive- and negative-symptom schizotypy. Schizophrenia Research, 76, 43-54. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2004.10.005
40. Hutton, S. B., & Ettinger, U. (2006). The antisaccade task as a research tool in psychopathology: A critical review. Psychophysiology, 43, 302-313. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2006.00403.x
41. Javitt, D. C. (2009). When doors of perception close: Bottom-up models of disrupted cognition in schizophrenia. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 5, 249-275. doi: 10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.032408.153502
42. Kang, S. S., Dionisio, D. P., & Sponheim, S. R. (2011). Abnormal mechanisms of antisaccade generation in schizophrenia patients and unaffected biological relatives of schizophrenia patients. Psychophysiology, 48, 350-361. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2010.01074.x
43. Kendler, K. S., McGuire, M., Gruenberg, A. M., & Walsh, D. (1995). Schizotypal symptoms and signs in the Roscommon family study. Their factor structure and familial relationship with psychotic and affective disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 52, 296-303.
44. Kerns, J. G. (2006). Schizotypy facets, cognitive control, and emotion. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115, 418-427. doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.115.3.418
45. Koychev, I., El-Deredy, W., Haenschel, C., & Deakin, J. F. (2010). Visual information processing deficits as biomarkers of vulnerability to schizophrenia: An event-related potential study in schizotypy. Neuropsychologia, 48, 2205-2214. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.04.014
46. Kumari, V., Antonova, E., & Geyer, M. A. (2008). Prepulse inhibition and "psychosis-proneness" in healthy individuals: An fMRI study. European Psychiatry, 23, 274-280. doi: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.11.006
47. Kumari, V., ffytche, D. H., Williams, S. C., & Gray, J. A. (2004). Personality predicts brain responses to cognitive demands. Journal of Neuroscience, 24, 10636-10641. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3206-04.2004
48. Larrison, A. L., Ferrante, C. F., Briand, K. A., & Sereno, A. B. (2000). Schizotypal traits, attention and eye movements. Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 24, 357-372.
49. Lawrie, S. M., Whalley, H., Kestelman, J. N., Abukmeil, S. S., Byrne, M., Hodges, A., ... Johnstone, E. C. (1999). Magnetic resonance imaging of brain in people at high risk of developing schizophrenia. Lancet, 353, 30-33. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)06244-8
50. Lenzenweger, M. F. (1994). Psychometric high-risk paradigm, perceptual aberrations, and schizotypy: An update. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 20, 121-135.
51. Lenzenweger, M. F., & Maher, B. A. (2002). Psychometric schizotypy and motor performance. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111, 546-555. doi: 10.1037//0021-843X.111.4.546
52. Lenzenweger, M. F., & O'Driscoll, G. A. (2006). Smooth pursuit eye movement and schizotypy in the community. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115, 779-786. doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.115.4.779
53. Levy, D. L., Holzman, P. S., Matthysse, S., & Mendell, N. R. (1993). Eye tracking dysfunction and schizophrenia: A critical perspective. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 19, 461-536.
54. Lewandowski, K. E., Barrantes-Vidal, N., Nelson-Gray, R. O., Clancy, C., Kepley, H. O., & Kwapil, T. R. (2006). Anxiety and depression symptoms in psychometrically identified schizotypy. Schizophrenia Research, 83, 225-235. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2005.11.024
55. Liddle, P. F. (1987). The symptoms of chronic schizophrenia. A re-examination of the positive-negative dichotomy. British Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 145-151. doi: 10.1192/bjp.151.2.145
56. Mata, I., Gilvarry, C. M., Jones, P. B., Lewis, S. W., Murray, R. M., & Sham, P. C. (2003). Schizotypal personality traits in nonpsychotic relatives are associated with positive symptoms in psychotic probands. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 29, 273-283.
57. McDowell, J. E., Brown, G. G., Paulus, M., Martinez, A., Stewart, S. E., Dubowitz, D. J., & Braff, D. L. (2002). Neural correlates of refixation saccades and antisaccades in normal and schizophrenia subjects. Biological Psychiatry, 51, 216-223.
58. McDowell, J. E., Dyckman, K. A., Austin, B. P., & Clementz, B. A. (2008). Neurophysiology and neuroanatomy of reflexive and volitional saccades: Evidence from studies of humans. Brain and Cognition, 68, 255-270. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2008.08.016
59. Meehl, P. E. (1962). Schizotaxia, schizotypy, schizophrenia. American Psychologist, 17, 827-838. doi: 10.1037/h0041029
60. Mohanty, A., Herrington, J. D., Koven, N. S., Fisher, J. E., Wenzel, E. A., Webb, A. G., ... Miller, G. A. (2005). Neural mechanisms of affective interference in schizotypy. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114, 16-27. doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.114.1.16
61. Norman, R. M., Davies, F., Malla, A. K., Cortese, L., & Nicholson, I. R. (1996). Relationship of obsessive-compulsive symptomatology to anxiety, depression and schizotypy in a clinical population. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 35, 553-566.
62. O'Driscoll, G. A., Lenzenweger, M. F., & Holzman, P. S. (1998). Antisaccades and smooth pursuit eye tracking and schizotypy. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55, 837-843. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.55.9.837
63. Oldfield, R. C. (1971). The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh Inventory. Neuropsychologia, 9, 97-113. doi: 10.1016/0028-3932(71)90067-4
64. Picard, H., Amado, I., Mouchet-Mages, S., Olie, J. P., & Krebs, M. O. (2008). The role of the cerebellum in schizophrenia: An update of clinical, cognitive, and functional evidences. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 34, 155-172. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbm049
65. Raemaekers, M., Jansma, J. M., Cahn, W., Van der Geest, J. N., van der Linden, J. A., Kahn, R. S., & Ramsey, N. F. (2002). Neuronal substrate of the saccadic inhibition deficit in schizophrenia investigated with 3-dimensional event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. Archives of General Psychiatry, 59, 313-320.
66. Raemaekers, M., Ramsey, N. F., Vink, M., van den Heuvel, M. P., & Kahn, R. S. (2006). Brain activation during antisaccades in unaffected relatives of schizophrenic patients. Biological Psychiatry, 59, 530-535. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.07.030
67. Rust, J. (1988). The Rust Inventory of Schizotypal Cognitions (RISC). Schizophrenia Bulletin, 14, 317-322.
68. Rust, J. (1989). Rust Inventory of Schizotypal Cognitions manual. Sidcup, Kent, UK: Psychological Corporation.
69. Shergill, S. S., Brammer, M. J., Fukuda, R., Williams, S. C., Murray, R. M., & McGuire, P. K. (2003). Engagement of brain areas implicated in processing inner speech in people with auditory hallucinations. British Journal of Psychiatry, 182, 525-531. doi: 10.1192/bjp.182.6.525
70. Shergill, S. S., Bullmore, E., Simmons, A., Murray, R., & McGuire, P. (2000). Functional anatomy of auditory verbal imagery in schizophrenic patients with auditory hallucinations. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 1691-1693. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.157.10.1691
71. Siever, L. J., Keefe, R., Bernstein, D. P., Coccaro, E. F., Klar, H. M., Zemishlany, Z., ... Horvath, T. (1990). Eye tracking impairment in clinically identified patients with schizotypal personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 740-745.
72. Smyrnis, N., Evdokimidis, I., Mantas, A., Kattoulas, E., Stefanis, N. C., Constantinidis, T. S., ... Stefanis, C. N. (2007). Smooth pursuit eye movements in 1, 087 men: Effects of schizotypy, anxiety, and depression. Experimental Brain Research, 179, 397-408. doi: 10.1007/s00221-006-0797-8
73. Smyrnis, N., Evdokimidis, I., Stefanis, N. C., Avramopoulos, D., Constantinidis, T. S., Stavropoulos, A., & Stefanis, C. N. (2003). Antisaccade performance of 1, 273 men: Effects of schizotypy, anxiety, and depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 112, 403-414. doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.112.3.403
74. Sponheim, S. R., Iacono, W. G., Thuras, P. D., Nugent, S. M., & Beiser, M. (2003). Sensitivity and specificity of select biological indices in characterizing psychotic patients and their relatives. Schizophrenia Research, 63, 27-38.
75. Talairach, J., & Tournoux, P. (Eds.). (1988). Co-planar stereotaxic atlas of the human brain. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers.
76. Thaker, G. K., Ross, D. E., Cassady, S. L., Adami, H. M., Medoff, D. R., & Sherr, J. (2000). Saccadic eye movement abnormalities in relatives of patients with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 45, 235-244.
77. Thier, P., Dicke, P. W., Haas, R., & Catz, N. (2002). The role of the oculomotor vermis in the control of saccadic eye movements. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 978, 50-62. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb07555.x
78. van der Stelt, O., Frye, J., Lieberman, J. A., & Belger, A. (2004). Impaired p3 generation reflects high-level and progressive neurocognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61, 237-248. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.61.3.237
79. van Os, J., Hanssen, M., Bijl, R. V., & Ravelli, A. (2000). Strauss (1969) revisited: A psychosis continuum in the general population? Schizophrenia Research, 45, 11-20.
80. Verdoux, H., & van Os, J. (2002). Psychotic symptoms in non-clinical populations and the continuum of psychosis. Schizophrenia Research, 54, 59-65.
81. Vollema, M. G., & Hoijtink, H. (2000). The multidimensionality of self-report schizotypy in a psychiatric population: An analysis using multidimensional rasch models. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 26, 565-575.
82. Vollema, M. G., & van den Bosch, R. J. (1995). The multidimensionality of schizotypy. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 21, 19-31.
83. Volz, H., Gaser, C., Hager, F., Rzanny, R., Ponisch, J., Mentzel, H., ... Sauer, H. (1999). Decreased frontal activation in schizophrenics during stimulation with the continuous performance test-A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. European Psychiatry, 14, 17-24.
84. Yeap, S., Kelly, S. P., Sehatpour, P., Magno, E., Javitt, D. C., Garavan, H., ... Foxe, J. J. (2006). Early visual sensory deficits as endophenotypes for schizophrenia: High-density electrical mapping in clinically unaffected first-degree relatives. Archives of General Psychiatry, 63, 1180-1188. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.63.11.1180