Extrapineal melatonin: Analysis of its subcellular distribution and daily fluctuations

Journal of Pineal Research

Volumn 52, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 217-227

  Venegas, Carmen ^a,b   García, José A ^a,b   Escames, Germaine ^a,b   Ortiz, Francisco ^a,b   López, Ana ^a,b   Doerrier, Carolina ^a,b   García Corzo, Laura ^a,b   López, Luis C ^a,b   Reiter, Russel J ^c   Acuña Castroviejo, Darío ^a,b,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GRANADA   (Spain)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GRANADA   (Spain)

^c Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio   (United States)

^d HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO SAN CECILIO   (Spain)

Author keywords

brain; cytosol; liver; luzindole; melatonin; membrane; mitochondria; nucleus; pinealectomy; rat

Indexed keywords

INDOLEAMINE; LUZINDOLE; MELATONIN;

ARTICLE; BRAIN CORTEX; CELL COMPARTMENTALIZATION; CELL MEMBRANE; CELL NUCLEUS; CELLULAR DISTRIBUTION; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYTOSOL; DOSE RESPONSE; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIGHT EXPOSURE; LIVER; MALE; MITOCHONDRION; NONHUMAN; PINEALECTOMY; RAT; SHAM PROCEDURE;

ANIMALS; BRAIN CHEMISTRY; CELL MEMBRANE; CELL NUCLEUS; CEREBRAL CORTEX; CHROMATOGRAPHY, HIGH PRESSURE LIQUID; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; CYTOSOL; LIVER; MALE; MELATONIN; MITOCHONDRIA; RATS; RATS, WISTAR;

EID: 84856693660     PISSN: 07423098     EISSN: 1600079X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079X.2011.00931.x     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Paredes SD, Korkmaz A, Manchester LC, et al., Phytomelatonin: a review. J Exp Bot 2009; 60: 57-69.
2. Hardeland R,. Melatonin, hormone of darkness and more: occurrence, control mechanisms, actions and bioactive metabolites. Cell Mol Life Sci 2008; 65: 2001-2018.
3. Hardeland R, Poeggeler B,. Non-vertebrate melatonin. J Pineal Res 2003; 34: 233-241. (Pubitemid 36469768)
4. Lerner AB, Case JD, Takahashi Y, et al., Isolation of melatonin, the pineal gland factor that lightens melanocytes. J Am Chem Soc 1958; 80: 2587-2592.
5. Liu T, Borjigin J,. N-acetyltransferase is not the rate-limiting enzyme of melatonin synthesis at night. J Pineal Res 2005; 39: 91-96. (Pubitemid 40966468)
6. Perreau-Lenz S, Kalsbeek A, Garidou ML, et al., Suprachiasmatic control of melatonin synthesis in rats: inhibitory and stimulatory mechanisms. Eur J Neurosci 2003; 17: 221-228. (Pubitemid 36459501)
7. Karolczak M, Korf HW, Stehle JH,. The rhythm and blues of gene expression in the rodent pineal gland. Endocrine 2005; 27: 89-100. (Pubitemid 41558441)
8. Klein DC,. Arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase: "the Timezyme". J Biol Chem 2007; 282: 4233-4237.
9. Reiter RJ,. Melatonin: the chemical expression of darkness. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1991; 79: C153-C158.
10. Reiter RJ,. Pineal melatonin: cell biology of its synthesis and of its physiological interactions. Endocr Rev 1991; 12: 151-180.
11. Acuna-Castroviejo D, Martin M, Macias M, et al., Melatonin, mitochondria, and cellular bioenergetics. J Pineal Res 2001; 30: 65-74. (Pubitemid 32176208)
12. Crespo E, Macias M, Pozo D, et al., Melatonin inhibits expression of the inducible NO synthase II in liver and lung and prevents endotoxemia in lipopolysaccharide-induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in rats. FASEB J 1999; 13: 1537-1546. (Pubitemid 29411787)
13. Escames G, Lopez LC, Ortiz F, et al., Age-dependent lipopolysaccharide- induced iNOS expression and multiorgan failure in rats: effects of melatonin treatment. Exp Gerontol 2006; 41: 1165-1173. (Pubitemid 44820726)
14. Escames G, Leon J, Macias M, et al., Melatonin counteracts lipopolysaccharide-induced expression and activity of mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase in rats. FASEB J 2003; 17: 932-934.
15. Tan DX, Chen LD, Poeggeler B,. Melatonin: a potent, endogenous hydroxyl radical scavenger. Endocr J 1993; 1: 57-60.
16. Martin M, Macias M, Escames G, et al., Melatonin but not vitamins C and E maintains glutathione homeostasis in t-butyl hydroperoxide-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress. FASEB J 2000; 14: 1677-1679.
17. Martin M, Macias M, Escames G, et al., Melatonin-induced increased activity of the respiratory chain complexes I and IV can prevent mitochondrial damage induced by ruthenium red in vivo. J Pineal Res 2000; 28: 242-248. (Pubitemid 30255377)
18. Paradies G, Petrosillo G, Paradies V, et al., Melatonin, cardiolipin and mitochondrial bioenergetics in health and disease. J Pineal Res 2010; 48: 297-310.
19. Stefulj J, Hortner M, Ghosh M, et al., Gene expression of the key enzymes of melatonin synthesis in extrapineal tissues of the rat. J Pineal Res 2001; 30: 243-247. (Pubitemid 32336907)
20. Cardinali DP, Rosner JM,. Retinal localization of the hydroxyindole-O-methyl transferase (HIOMT) in the rat. Endocrinology 1971; 89: 301-303.
21. Vlahakes GJ, Wurtman RJ,. A Mg 2+ dependent hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase in rat Harderian gland. Biochim Biophys Acta 1972; 261: 194-197.
22. Raikhlin NT, Kvetnoy IM, Tolkachev VN,. Melatonin may be synthesised in enterochromaffin cells. Nature 1975; 255: 344-345.
23. Messner M, Huether G, Lorf T, et al., Presence of melatonin in the human hepatobiliary-gastrointestinal tract. Life Sci 2001; 69: 543-551. (Pubitemid 32601981)
24. Ozaki Y, Lynch HJ,. Presence of melatonin in plasma and urine or pinealectomized rats. Endocrinology 1976; 99: 641-644.
25. Sanchez-Hidalgo M, De La Lastra CA, Carrascosa-Salmoral MP, et al., Age-related changes in melatonin synthesis in rat extrapineal tissues. Exp Gerontol 2009; 44: 328-334.
26. Reiter RJ, Richardson BA, Johnson LY, et al., Pineal melatonin rhythm: reduction in aging Syrian hamsters. Science 1980; 210: 1372-1373. (Pubitemid 11175499)
27. Sanchez-Hidalgo M, Guerrero Montavez JM, Carrascosa-Salmoral MP, et al., Decreased MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptor expression in extrapineal tissues of the rat during physiological aging. J Pineal Res 2009; 46: 29-35.
28. Menendez-Pelaez A, Poeggeler B, Reiter RJ, et al., Nuclear localization of melatonin in different mammalian tissues: immunocytochemical and radioimmunoassay evidence. J Cell Biochem 1993; 53: 373-382. (Pubitemid 24043036)
29. Hoffman RA, Reiter RJ,. Rapid pinealectomy in hamsters and other small rodents. Anat Rec 1965; 153: 19-21.
30. Meier PJ, Sztul ES, Reuben A, et al., Structural and functional polarity of canalicular and basolateral plasma membrane vesicles isolated in high yield from rat liver. J Cell Biol 1984; 98: 991-1000. (Pubitemid 14166530)
31. Chahbouni M, Escames G, Venegas C, et al., Melatonin treatment normalizes plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitrosative/oxidative stress in patients suffering from Duchenne muscular dystrophy. J Pineal Res 2010; 48: 282-289.
32. Sastre TJ, Rijn-Bikker P, Merkus P, et al., Quantitative determination of melatonin in human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid with high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection. Biomed Chromatogr 2000; 14: 306-310. (Pubitemid 30642676)
33. Bradford MM,. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 1976; 72: 248-254.
34. Reiter RJ,. The melatonin message: duration versus coincidence hypotheses. Life Sci 1987; 40: 2119-2131. (Pubitemid 17082403)
35. Acuna-Castroviejo D, Escames G, Leon J, et al., Mitochondrial regulation by melatonin and its metabolites. Adv Exp Med Biol 2003; 527: 549-557. (Pubitemid 38197684)
36. Menendez-Pelaez A, Reiter RJ,. Distribution of melatonin in mammalian tissues: the relative importance of nuclear versus cytosolic localization. J Pineal Res 1993; 15: 59-69. (Pubitemid 24028611)
37. Lynch HJ, Rivest RW, Ronsheim PM, et al., Light intensity and the control of melatonin secretion in rats. Neuroendocrinology 1981; 33: 181-185.
38. Brainard GC, Richardson BA, King TS, et al., The influence of different light spectra on the suppression of pineal melatonin content in the Syrian hamster. Brain Res 1984; 294: 333-339. (Pubitemid 14194018)
39. Jimenez-Jorge S, Jimenez-Caliani AJ, Guerrero JM, et al., Melatonin synthesis and melatonin-membrane receptor (MT1) expression during rat thymus development: role of the pineal gland. J Pineal Res 2005; 39: 77-83. (Pubitemid 40966466)
40. Silver I, Erecinska M,. Oxygen and ion concentrations in normoxic and hypoxic brain cells. Adv Exp Med Biol 1998; 454: 7-16. (Pubitemid 29005509)
41. Acuna-Castroviejo D, Escames G, Rodriguez MI, et al., Melatonin role in the mitochondrial function. Front Biosci 2007; 12: 947-963. (Pubitemid 46846869)
42. Acuna CD, Lopez LC, Escames G, et al., Melatonin-mitochondria interplay in health and disease. Curr Top Med Chem 2011; 11: 221-240.
43. Lopez A, Garcia JA, Escames G, et al., Melatonin protects the mitochondria from oxidative damage reducing oxygen consumption, membrane potential, and superoxide anion production. J Pineal Res 2009; 46: 188-198.
44. Floyd RA, Hensley K,. Oxidative stress in brain aging. Implications for therapeutics of neurodegenerative diseases. Neurobiol Aging 2002; 23: 795-807. (Pubitemid 35217704)
45. Hill JM, Switzer RC III,. The regional distribution and cellular localization of iron in the rat brain. Neuroscience 1984; 11: 595-603. (Pubitemid 14155958)
46. Droge W,. Oxidative stress and aging. Adv Exp Med Biol 2003; 543: 191-200. (Pubitemid 38183725)
47. Reiter RJ,. Oxidative processes and antioxidative defense mechanisms in the aging brain. FASEB J 1995; 9: 526-533.
48. Martin M, Macias M, Leon J, et al., Melatonin increases the activity of the oxidative phosphorylation enzymes and the production of ATP in rat brain and liver mitochondria. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2002; 34: 348-357. (Pubitemid 34164278)
49. Lopez LC, Escames G, Ortiz F, et al., Melatonin restores the mitochondrial production of ATP in septic mice. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2006; 27: 623-630. (Pubitemid 46050020)
50. Jou MJ, Peng TI, Hsu LF, et al., Visualization of melatonin's multiple mitochondrial levels of protection against mitochondrial Ca(2+)-mediated permeability transition and beyond in rat brain astrocytes. J Pineal Res 2010; 48: 20-38.
51. Dong W, Huang F, Fan W, et al., Differential effects of melatonin on amyloid-beta peptide 25-35-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in hippocampal neurons at different stages of culture. J Pineal Res 2010; 48: 117-125.
52. Kaur C, Sivakumar V, Ling EA,. Melatonin protects periventricular white matter from damage due to hypoxia. J Pineal Res 2010; 48: 185-193.
53. Bass J, Takahashi JS,. Circadian integration of metabolism and energetics. Science 2010; 330: 1349-1354.
54. Ceraulo L, Ferrugia M, Tesoriere L, et al., Interactions of melatonin with membrane models: portioning of melatonin in AOT and lecithin reversed micelles. J Pineal Res 1999; 26: 108-112. (Pubitemid 29136728)
55. Reagan-Shaw S, Nihal M, Ahmad N,. Dose translation from animal to human studies revisited. FASEB J 2008; 22: 659-661. (Pubitemid 351348146)
56. Urata Y, Honma S, Goto S, et al., Melatonin induces gamma- glutamylcysteine synthetase mediated by activator protein-1 in human vascular endothelial cells. Free Radic Biol Med 1999; 27: 838-847. (Pubitemid 29454587)
57. Antolin I, Rodriguez C, Sainz RM, et al., Neurohormone melatonin prevents cell damage: effect on gene expression for antioxidant enzymes. FASEB J 1996; 10: 882-890. (Pubitemid 26184166)
58. Carretero M, Escames G, Lopez LC, et al., Long-term melatonin administration protects brain mitochondria from aging. J Pineal Res 2009; 47: 192-200.
59. Tan DX, Manchester LC, Terron MP, et al., One molecule, many derivatives: a never-ending interaction of melatonin with reactive oxygen and nitrogen species? J Pineal Res 2007; 42: 28-42. (Pubitemid 44924323)
60. Mukherjee D, Roy SG, Bandyopadhyay A, et al., Melatonin protects against isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury in the rat: antioxidative mechanisms. J Pineal Res 2010; 48: 251-262.
61. Rosenstein RE, Pandi-Perumal SR, Srinivasan V, et al., Melatonin as a therapeutic tool in ophthalmology: implications for glaucoma and uveitis. J Pineal Res 2010; 49: 1-13.
62. Tan DX, Manchester LC, Burkhardt S, et al., N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5- methoxykynuramine, a biogenic amine and melatonin metabolite, functions as a potent antioxidant. FASEB J 2001; 15: 2294-2296.
63. Xu SC, He MD, Zhong M, et al., Melatonin protects against nickel-induced neurotoxicity in vitro by reducing oxidative stress and maintaining mitochondrial function. J Pineal Res 2010; 49: 86-94.
64. Milczarek R, Hallmann A, Sokolowska E, et al., Melatonin enhances antioxidant action of alpha-tocopherol and ascorbate against N. J Pineal Res 2010; 49: 149-155.
65. Reiter RJ, Paredes SD, Manchester LC, et al., Reducing oxidative/nitrosative stress: a newly-discovered genre for melatonin. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2009; 44: 175-200.
66. Sandstrom BE, Marklund SL,. Effects of variation in glutathione peroxidase activity on DNA damage and cell survival in human cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide and t-butyl hydroperoxide. Biochem J 1990; 271: 17-23. (Pubitemid 20331192)
67. Morales A, Miranda M, Sanchez-Reyes A, et al., Oxidative damage of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA induced by ionizing radiation in human hepatoblastoma cells. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1998; 42: 191-203. (Pubitemid 28435613)
68. Markovic J, Garcia-Gimenez JL, Gimeno A, et al., Role of glutathione in cell nucleus. Free Radic Res 2010; 44: 721-733.