The vulnerability to schizophrenia mainstream research paradigms and phenomenological directions

Current Pharmaceutical Design

Volumn 18, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 338-345

  Stanghellini, Giovanni ^a   Fusar Poli, Paolo ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CHIETI   (Italy)

^b KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Existential reorientation; High risk; Intersubjectivity; Phenomenology; Schizophrenia; Self; Vulnerability

Indexed keywords

CLINICAL RESEARCH; DEPERSONALIZATION; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; GENETIC ANALYSIS; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; MENTAL DISEASE; PHENOLOGY; PHENOMENOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOSIS; REVIEW; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SOCIAL ASPECT;

BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH; EGO; HUMANS; RISK FACTORS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SCHIZOPHRENIC PSYCHOLOGY; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR;

EID: 84856546242     PISSN: 13816128     EISSN: 18734286     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/138161212799316109     Document Type: Review

References (110)

1. Binswanger L. Melancholie und Manie. Pfuellingen: Neske; 1960
2. Stanghellini G. Antropologia della vulnerabilità. Milano: Feltrinelli; 1997.
3. Stanghellini G. Psicopatologia del senso comune. Milano: Cortina, 2008 [new English translation forthcoming: Disembodied Spirits and Deanimated Bodies. The Psychopathology of Common Sense. Oxford: Oxford University Press).
4. Stanghellini G, Ballerini M, Fusar-Poli P, Cutting J. Abnormal bodily experiences may be a marker of early schizophrenia?. Curr Pharm Des 2012; 18(4): 392-8.
5. Stanghellini G. Commonsense, disembodiment and delusions in schizophrenia. In: Dimaggio G, Lysaker P. H, Metacognition and severe adult mental Disoders: From Research to Treatment. London, Routledge 2010; 134-149.
6. Stanghellini G. Schizophrenic consciousness, spiritual experience, and the borders between things, images and words. Transcultural Psychiatry 2006; 42, 4: 610-29.
7. Stanghellini G. Schizophrenic delusions, embodiment, and the background. Philos Psychiatr Psychol 2008; 15(4): 311-314
8. Kendler KS, Zachar P. In: Kendler KS, Parnas J Eds, Philosophical issues in psychiatry. Explanation, phenomenology, and nosology. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press 2008; 368-385.
9. Blankenburg W. Der Verlust der natürlichen Selbstverständlichkeit. Ein Beitrag zur Psychopathologie symptomarmer Schizophrenien. Stuttgart: Enke; 1971
10. Minkowski E. La schizophrènie: psychopathologie des schizoides et des schizophrènes. Paris: Payot; 1927
11. Blankenburg W. Ansaetze zu einer Psychopathologie des common sense, Confin Psychiatr,: 1969; 12: 144-163. [English translation in Hoerl Ch., Ed. On understanding and explaining schizophrenia. Philos Psychiatr Psychol (special issue) 2001; 303-315.
12. Conrad J. Die beginnende Schizophrenie. Stuttgart: Thieme; 1966.
13. Roberts G. The origin of Delusions. Br J Psychiatry 1992; 161: 298-308.
14. Cutting J. Gestalt theory and psychiatry. A discussion paper. JR Soc Med 1989; 82: 429-431.
15. Berner P. Delusional Atmosphere. Br J Psychiatry 1991; 159 (14), 88-93
16. Jaspers K. Allgemeine Psychopathologie. Berlin: J. Springer; 1913 [English Translation General Psychopathology, Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press; 1997].
17. Howes OD, Lim SJ, Fusar-Poli P. Mind the translation gap: problems in the implementation of early intervention services. Psychol Med 2010; 40: 171-2.
18. Ruhrmann S, Schultze-Lutter F, Bechdolf A, Klosterkotter J. Intervention in at-risk states for developing psychosis. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2010; 260 Suppl 2: S90-4.
19. Fusar-Poli P, Byrne M, Valmaggia L, et al. Social dysfunction preducts two years clinical outcomes in people at ultrahigh risk for psychosis. Journal of Psychiatric Research 2009; 44: 294-301.
20. Borgwardt SJ, Smieskova R, Fusar-Poli P, Bendfeldt K, Riecher-Rossler A. The effects of antipsychotics on brain structure: what have we learnt from structural imaging of schizophrenia? Psychol Med 2009; 39: 1781-2.
21. Fusar-Poli P, Broome MR, Matthiasson P, Williams SC, Brammer M, McGuire PK. Effects of acute antipsychotic treatment on brain activation in first episode psychosis: an fMRI study. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2007; 17: 492-500.
22. Fusar-Poli P, Valmaggia L, McGuire P. Can antidepressants prevent psychosis? Lancet 2007; 370: 1746-8.
23. Corcoran CM, First MB, Cornblatt B. The psychosis risk syndrome and its proposed inclusion in the DSM-V: a risk-benefit analysis. Schizophr Res 2010; 120: 16-22.
24. Ruhrmann S, Schultze-Lutter F, Klosterkotter J. Probably at-risk, but certainly ill--advocating the introduction of a psychosis spectrum disorder in DSM-V. Schizophr Res 2010; 120: 23-37.
25. Nelson B, Yung AR. Should a risk syndrome for first episode psychosis be included in the DSM-V? Curr Opin Psychiatry 2010: Nov 30 Epub.
26. Fusar-Poli P, Allen P, Bhattacharyya S, et al. Modulation of effective connectivity during emotional processing by Delta9- tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2009: 1-12.
27. Fusar-Poli P, Crippa JA, Bhattacharyya S, et al. Distinct effects of {delta}9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol on neural activation during emotional processing. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2009; 66: 95-105.
28. Bhattacharyya S, Fusar-Poli P, Borgwardt S, et al. Modulation of mediotemporal and ventrostriatal function in humans by Delta9- tetrahydrocannabinol: a neural basis for the effects of Cannabis sativa on learning and psychosis. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2009; 66: 442-51.
29. Bhattacharyya S, Morrison PD, Fusar-Poli P, et al. Opposite effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol on human brain function and psychopathology. Neuropsychopharmacology 2010; 35: 764-74.
30. Pukrop R, Klosterkotter J. Neurocognitive indicators of clinical high-risk states for psychosis: a critical review of the evidence. Neurotox Res 2010; 18: 272-86.
31. Fusar-Poli P, Placentino A, Carletti F, et al. Laterality effect on emotional faces processing: ALE meta-analysis of evidence. Neurosci Lett 2009; 452: 262-7.
32. Fusar-Poli P, Placentino A, Carletti F, et al. Functional atlas of emotional faces processing: a voxel-based meta-analysis of 105 functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2009; 34: 418-32.
33. Fusar-Poli P, Borgwardt S, Crescini A, et al. Neuroanatomy of Vulnerability to Psychosis: A Voxel-Based Meta-Analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2010.
34. Borgwardt SJ, McGuire P, Fusar-Poli P, Radue EW, Riecher-Rossler A. Anterior cingulate pathology in the prodromal stage of schizophrenia. Neuroimage 2008; 39: 553-4.
35. Fusar-Poli P, Crossley N, Woolley J, et al. Gray matter alterations related to P300 abnormalities in subjects at high risk for psychosis: longitudinal MRI-EEG study. Neuroimage 2011; 55: 320-8.
36. Smieskova R, Fusar-Poli P, Allen P, et al. Neuroimaging predictors of transition to psychosis - A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroscience and Biobehavioural Reviews 2010; 34: 1207-1222.
37. Fusar-Poli P, Perez J, Broome M, et al. Neurofunctional correlates of vulnerability to psychosis: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2007; 31: 465-84.
38. Broome MR, Matthiasson P, Fusar-Poli P, et al. Neural correlates of executive function and working memory in the 'at-risk mental state'. Br J Psychiatry 2009; 194: 25-33.
39. Crossley NA, Mechelli A, Fusar-Poli P, et al. Superior temporal lobe dysfunction and frontotemporal dysconnectivity in subjects at risk of psychosis and in first-episode psychosis. Hum Brain Mapp 2009; 30: 4129-37.
40. Fusar-Poli P, Howes OD, Allen P, et al. Abnormal frontostriatal interactions in people with prodromal signs of psychosis: a multimodal imaging study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2010; 67: 683-91.
41. Fusar-Poli P, Stone J, Broome M, et al. Thalamic glutamate levels predicts cortical response during executive functioning in subjects at high risk for psychosis. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2011: May 2, Epub.
42. Fusar-Poli P, Howes OD, Allen P, et al. Abnormal prefrontal activation directly related to pre-synaptic striatal dopamine dysfunction in people at clinical high risk for psychosis. Mol Psychiatry 2009.
43. Fusar-Poli P, Allen P, McGuire P. Neuroimaging studies of the early stages of psychosis: a critical review. Eur Psychiatry 2008; 23: 237-44.
44. McGuire P, Howes OD, Stone J, Fusar-Poli P. Functional neuroimaging in schizophrenia: diagnosis and drug discovery. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2008; 29: 91-8.
45. Fusar-Poli P, Broome MR. Conceptual issues in psychiatric neuroimaging. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2006; 19: 608-12.
46. Fusar-Poli P, Borgwardt S, Valmaggia L. Heterogeneity in the assessment of the at-risk mental state for psychosis. Psychiatr Serv 2008; 59: 813.
47. Fusar-Poli P, Bonoldi I, Yung AR, et al. Predicting psychosis: a meta-analysis of evidence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2011: in press.
48. Asarnow JR. Children at risk for schizophrenia: converging lines of evidence. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1988; 14: 613-631.
49. Cornblatt B, Obuchowski M. Update of high-risk research: 1987 - 1997. International Review of Psychiatry 1997; 9: 437-447.
50. Tsuang MT, Stone WS, Faraone SV. Understanding predisposition to schizophrenia: toward intervention and prevention. Can J Psychiatry 2002; 47: 518-26.
51. Chang CJ, Chen WJ, Liu SK, et al. Morbidity risk of psychiatric disorders among the first degree relatives of schizophrenia patients in Taiwan. Schizophr Bull 2002; 28: 379-92.
52. Jones P, Rodgers B, Murray R, Marmot M. Child developmental risk factors for adult schizophrenia in the British 1946 birth cohort. The Lancet 1994; 344: 1398-1402.
53. Golding J, Pembrey M, Jones R. ALSPAC-the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. I. Study methodology. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2001; 15: 74-87.
54. Hanssen M, Bak M, Bijl R, Vollebergh W, van Os J. The incidence and outcome of subclinical psychotic experiences in the general population. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 2005; 44: 181-191.
55. McGee R, Williams S, Poulton R, Moffitt T. A longitudinal study of cannabis use and mental health from adolescence to early adulthood. Addiction 2000; 95: 491-503.
56. van Os J, Hanssen M, Bijl RV, Vollebergh W. Prevalence of psychotic disorder and community level of psychotic symptoms: An urban-rural comparison. Archives of General Psychiatry 2001; 58: 663-668.
57. Laurens KR, Hodgins S, Maughan B, Murray RM, Rutter ML, Taylor EA. Community screening for psychotic-like experiences and other putative antecedents of schizophrenia in children aged 9-12 years. Schizophr Res 2007; 90: 130-46.
58. Poulton R, Caspi A, Moffitt TE, Cannon M, Murray RM, Harrington H. Children's self-reported psychotic symptoms and adult schizophreniform disorder: A 15-year longitudinal study. Archives of General Psychiatry 2000; 57: 1053-1058.
59. Yung AR, Nelson B, Baker K, Buckby JA, Baksheev G, Cosgrave EM. Psychotic-like experiences in a community sample of adolescents: implications for the continuum model of psychosis and prediction of schizophrenia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2009; 43: 118-28.
60. Olsen KA, Rosenbaum B. Prospective investigations of the prodromal state of schizophrenia: assessment instruments. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 2006; 113: 273-82.
61. Yung AR, Stanford C, Cosgrave E, et al. Testing the Ultra High Risk (prodromal) criteria for the prediction of psychosis in a clinical sample of young people. Schizophr. Res. 2006; 84: 57-66.
62. Carr V, Halpin S, Lau N, O'Brien S, Beckmann J, Lewin T. A risk factor screening and assessment protocol for schizophrenia and related psychosis. Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry 2000; 34 Suppl: S170-80.
63. Cornblatt BA, Lencz T, Smith CW, Correll CU, Auther AM, Nakayama E. The schizophrenia prodrome revisited: a neurodevelopmental perspective. Schizophr. Bull. 2003; 29: 633-51.
64. Ruhrmann S, Schultze-Lutter F, Klosterkotter J. Early detection and intervention in the initial prodromal phase of schizophrenia. Pharmacopsychiatry 2003; 36 Suppl 3: S162-7.
65. McGlashan TH, Zipursky RB, Perkins D, et al. Randomized, double-blind trial of olanzapine versus placebo in patients prodromally symptomatic for psychosis. Am. J. Psychiatry 2006; 163: 790-9.
66. Broome MR, Woolley JB, Johns LC, et al. Outreach and support in south London (OASIS): implementation of a clinical service for prodromal psychosis and the at risk mental state. Eur Psychiatry 2005; 20: 372-8.
67. Morrison AP, French P, Walford L, et al. Cognitive therapy for the prevention of psychosis in people at ultra-high risk: randomised controlled trial. Br. J. Psychiatry 2004; 185: 291-7.
68. Simon AE, Dvorsky DN, Boesch J, et al. Defining subjects at risk for psychosis: a comparison of two approaches. Schizophr. Res. 2006; 81: 83-90.
69. Schultze-Lutter F. Subjective symptoms of schizophrenia in research and the clinic: the basic symptom concept. Schizophr Bull 2009; 35: 5-8.
70. Yung AR, Yuen HP, McGorry PD, et al. Mapping the onset of psychosis: the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States. Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry 2005; 39: 964-71.
71. Yung AR, Phillips LJ, McGorry PD, et al. Prediction of psychosis. A step towards indicated prevention of schizophrenia. Br. J. Psychiatry. Suppl. 1998; 172: 14-20.
72. Riecher-Rossler A, Aston J, Ventura J, et al. [The Basel Screening Instrument for Psychosis (BSIP): development, structure, reliability and validity]. Fortschr. Neurol. Psychiatr. 2008; 76: 207-16.
73. Miller TJ, McGlashan TH, Woods SW, et al. Symptom assessment in schizophrenic prodromal states. Psychiatr. Q. 1999; 70: 273-87.
74. Klosterkötter J, Huber G, Wieneke A, Steinmeyer EM, Schultze- Lutter F Evaluation of the Bonn Scale for the Assessment of Basic Symptoms - BSABS as an instrument for the assessment of schizophrenia proneness: A review of recent findings. Neurology, Psychiatry and Brain Research 1997; 5: 137-150.
75. Parnas J, Handest P. Phenomenology of anomalous self-experience in early schizophrenia. Compr Psychiatry 2003; 44: 121-134.
76. Parnas J, Sass L. Self, solipsism, and schizophrenic delusions. Philos, Psychiatr, Psychol 2001; 8: 101-120.
77. Nelson B, Yung AR, Bechdolf A, McGorry PD. The phenomenological critique and self-disturbance: Implications for ultra-high risk ('prodrome') research. Schizophrenia Bull 2008; 34: 381-392
78. Nelson B, Sass L, kodlar B. The phenomenological model of psychotic vulnerability and its possible implications for psychological interventions in the ultra-high risk ('Prodromal') population. Psychopathology 2009; 42:283-292.
79. Parnas J, Moeller P, Kircher T, Thalbitzer J, Jansson P, Zahavi D. EASE: Examination of Anomalous Self-Experience. Psychopathology 2005; 38: 236-258.
80. Huber G. Das konzept substratnaher basissymptome und seine bedeutung fuer theorie und therapie schizophrener erkrankungen. Nervenarzt 1983; 54: 23-32
81. Gross G, Huber G, Klosterkötter J, Linz M. Bonner skala für die beurteilung von basissymptomen (BSABS; Bonn Scale for the Assessment of Basic Symptoms). Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1987.
82. Parnas J. In Zahavi D Ed, Exploring the Self. Philosophical and Psychopathological Perspectives on Self-Experience. Amsterdam Philadelphia, Benjamins 2000; 115-148,
83. Sass L. Madness and Modernism: Insanity in the Light of Modern Art, Literature, and Thought. New York: Basic Books (Harvard paperback); 1994
84. Sass L, Parnas J, Zahavi D. Phenomenological psychopathology and schizophrenia: contemporary approaches and misunderstandings. Philos Psychiatr Psychol 2011; 18(1): 1-23.
85. Sass L, Parnas J. Schizophrenia, consciousness, and the self. Schizophr Bull 2003; 29: 427-44; p. 436.
86. Stanghellini G, Ballerini M. What is it like to be a person with schizophrenia in the social world. A first-person perspective study on schizophrenic dissociality. I. State of the art. Psychopathology 2011; 44:172-182
87. Corrigan PW, Toomey R. Interpersonal problem solving and information processing in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1995; 21:395-403;
88. Vauth R, Rusch N, Wirtz M, Corrigan PW. Does social cognition influence the relation between neurocognitive deficits and vocational functioning in schizophrenia? Psychiatr Res 2004; 128: 155-165.
89. Sergi Y, Rassovsky KH, Nuechterlein KH, Green MF. Social perception as a mediator of the influence of early visual processing on functional status in schizophrenia. Am. J Psychiatry 2006; 163(3): 448-454.
90. Lysaker PH, Lancaster RS, Nees MA, Davis LW. Attributional style and symptoms as predictors of social function in schizophrenia. J Rehabil Res Dev 2004; 41(2): 225-32.
91. Donohoe G, Spoletini I, McGlade N et al. Are relational style and neuropsychological performance predictors of social attributions in chronic schizophrenia? Psychiatry Res 2008; 161(1): 19-27.
92. Mazza M, De Risio A, Tozzini C, Roncone R, Casacchia M. Machiavellianism and theory of mind in people affected by schizophrenia. Brain Cogn. 2003, Apr; 51(3):262-9.
93. Pinkham AE, Penn DL, Perkins DO, Lieberman J. Implications for the neural basis of social cognition for the study of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 2003; 160: 815-824
94. Casacchia M, Mazza M, Roncone R. Theory of mind, social development, and psychosis. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2004 Jun; 6(3):183-189
95. Schneider F, Gur RC, Koch K. Impairment in the specificity of emotion processing in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 2006, 163:442-447.
96. Couture SM, Penn DL, Roberts DL. The functional significance of social cognition in schizophrenia: a review. Schizophr Bull 2006; 32 (Suppl 1): S44-63.
97. Stanghellini G, Ballerini M. Criterion B. (social dysfunction) in persons with schizophrenia: the puzzle, Current Opinion in Psychiatry 2007; 20:582-587
98. Stanghellini G, Ballerini M. Dis-sociality: the phenomenological approach to social dysfunction in schizophrenia. World Psychiatry 2002; 1:102-106
99. Minkowski E. Targowla R. A Contribution to the Study of Autosm: The Interrogative Attitude. English Translation in Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology 2001; 8,4: 271-278.
100. Urfer A. Phenomenology and psychopathology of schizophrenia: the views of Eugene Minkowski. Philos Psychiatr Psychol 2001; 8: 279-289.
101. Parnas J, Bovet P. Autism in schizophrenia revisited. Compr Psychiatry 1991; 32:1-15
102. Stanghellini G, Ballerini M. Autism: disembodied existence. Philos Psychiatry Psychol 2004; 11:259-268
103. Stanghellini G. Ballerini M. What is it like to be a person with schizophrenia in the social world? A first-person perspective study on schizophrenic dissociality - Part 2: Methodological issues and empirical findings. Psychopathology 2011; 44:183-192.
104. Yung AR, McGorry PD. The initial prodrome in psychosis: descriptive and qualitative aspects. Aust NZ J Psychiatry 1996; 30:587-599
105. Parnas J, Moeller P, Kircher T, Thalbitzer J, Jansson P., Zahavi D. EASE: Examination of anomalous eelf-experience. Psychopathology 2005; 38: 236-258.
106. Kretschmer E. Korperbau und Charakter. Berlin, Germany: Springer; 1921 [Physique and Character. New York, NY: Harcourt, Brace & Company; 1925].
107. Berze J, Gruhle HW. Psychologie der Schizophrenie. Berlin, Germany: Springer; 1929.
108. Binswanger L. Drei Formen Missgluckten Daseins. Tubingen, Germany: Max Niemeyer Verlag; 1956.
109. Stanghellini G, Ballerini M: Values in persons with schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2007; 33: 131-141
110. Mundt Ch. Anomalous self-experience: a plea for phenomenology. Psychopathology 2005; 38: 231-235