메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 12, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 1-6

Drug treatment of hyperuricemia to prevent cardiovascular outcomes: Are we there yet?

Author keywords

Allopurinol; Coronary artery disease; Heart failure; Hypertension; Hyperuricaemia; Metabolic syndrome; Stroke; Xanthine oxidase inhibitors.

Indexed keywords

ALLOPURINOL; CAPTOPRIL; DIURETIC AGENT; FEBUXOSTAT; LOSARTAN; OTERACIL; PEGLOTICASE; PLACEBO; RASBURICASE; SUPEROXIDE; URATE; URICOSURIC AGENT; XANTHINE OXIDASE INHIBITOR;

EID: 84856271074     PISSN: 11753277     EISSN: 1179187X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/11594580-000000000-00000     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (8)

References (60)
  • 1
    • 0015310327 scopus 로고
    • The influence of temperature on the solubility of monosodium urate
    • Loeb JN. The influence of temperature on the solubility of monosodium urate. Arthritis Rheum 1972; 15 (2): 189-92
    • (1972) Arthritis Rheum , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 189-192
    • Loeb, J.N.1
  • 2
    • 0023634573 scopus 로고
    • Asymptomatic hyperuricemia: Risks and consequences in the normative aging study
    • Campion EW, Glynn RJ, DeLabry LO. Asymptomatic hyperuricemia: risks and consequences in the Normative Aging Study. Am J Med 1987; 82 (3): 421-6
    • (1987) Am J Med , vol.82 , Issue.3 , pp. 421-426
    • Campion, E.W.1    Glynn, R.J.2    Delabry, L.O.3
  • 4
    • 73349101890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gout. hyperuricemia and cardiovascular disease: How strong is the evidence for a causal link?
    • Epub 2009 Aug 19
    • Gaffo AL, Edwards NL, Saag KG. Gout. Hyperuricemia and cardiovascular disease: how strong is the evidence for a causal link? Arthritis Res Ther 2009; 11 (4): 240. Epub 2009 Aug 19
    • (2009) Arthritis Res Ther , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. 240
    • Gaffo, A.L.1    Edwards, N.L.2    Saag, K.G.3
  • 5
    • 38149052992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and other rheumaticconditions inthe united states: Part ii
    • Lawrence RC, Felson DT, Helmick CG, et al. Estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and other rheumaticconditions inthe United States: Part II. Arthritis Rheum 2007; 58 (1): 26-35
    • (2007) Arthritis Rheum , vol.58 , Issue.1 , pp. 26-35
    • Lawrence, R.C.1    Felson, D.T.2    Helmick, C.G.3
  • 6
    • 0031019889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Goutison the increase in new zealand
    • Klemp P, Stansfield SA, Castle B, et al. Goutison the increase in New Zealand. Ann Rheum Dis 1997; 56 (1): 22-6
    • (1997) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.56 , Issue.1 , pp. 22-26
    • Klemp, P.1    Stansfield, S.A.2    Castle, B.3
  • 9
    • 42949085351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment with the xanthine oxidase inhibitor febuxostat lowers uric acid and alleviates systemic and glomerular hypertension in experimental hyperuricaemia
    • DOI 10.1093/ndt/gfm783
    • Sanchez-Lozada LG, Tapia E, Soto V, et al. Treatment with the xanthine oxidase inhibitor febuxostat lowers uric acid and alleviates systemic and glomerular hypertension in experimental hyperuricaemia. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008; 23 (4): 1179-85 (Pubitemid 351767502)
    • (2008) Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation , vol.23 , Issue.4 , pp. 1179-1185
    • Sanchez-Lozada, L.G.1    Tapia, E.2    Soto, V.3    Avila-Casado, C.4    Franco, M.5    Zhao, L.6    Johnson, R.J.7
  • 10
    • 43949115923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of febuxostat on the progression of renal disease in 5/6 nephrectomy rats with and without hyper-uricemia
    • Sanchez-Lozada LG, Tapia E, Soto V, et al. Effect of febuxostat on the progression of renal disease in 5/6 nephrectomy rats with and without hyper-uricemia. Nephron Physiol 2008; 108 (4): 69-78
    • (2008) Nephron Physiol , vol.108 , Issue.4 , pp. 69-78
    • Sanchez-Lozada, L.G.1    Tapia, E.2    Soto, V.3
  • 11
    • 38148998838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uric acid stimulates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and oxidative stress via the vascular renin-angiotensin system
    • Corry DB, Eslami P, Yamamoto K, et al. Uric acid stimulates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and oxidative stress via the vascular renin-angiotensin system. J Hypertens 2008; 26 (2): 269-75
    • (2008) J Hypertens , vol.26 , Issue.2 , pp. 269-275
    • Corry, D.B.1    Eslami, P.2    Yamamoto, K.3
  • 12
    • 57049151376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of oxidative stress in the renal abnormalities induced by experimental hyperuricemia
    • Sanchez-Lozada LG, Soto V, Tapia E, et al. Role of oxidative stress in the renal abnormalities induced by experimental hyperuricemia. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2008; 295 (4): F1134-41
    • (2008) Am J Physiol Renal Physiol , vol.295 , Issue.4
    • Sanchez-Lozada, L.G.1    Soto, V.2    Tapia, E.3
  • 13
    • 77952480857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress with an activation of the renin-angiotensin system in human vascular endothelial cells as a novel mechanism of uric acid-induced endothelial dysfunction
    • Yu MA, Sanchez-Lozada LG, Johnson RJ, et al. Oxidative stress with an activation of the renin-angiotensin system in human vascular endothelial cells as a novel mechanism of uric acid-induced endothelial dysfunction. J Hyper-tens 2010; 28 (6): 1234-42
    • (2010) J Hyper-tens , vol.28 , Issue.6 , pp. 1234-1242
    • Yu, M.A.1    Sanchez-Lozada, L.G.2    Johnson, R.J.3
  • 15
    • 0026047482 scopus 로고
    • Predictors of an increased risk of future hypertension in utah: A screening analysis
    • Hunt SC, Stephenson SH, Hopkins PN, et al. Predictors of an increased risk of future hypertension in Utah: a screening analysis. Hypertension 1991; 17 (6 Pt 2): 969-76
    • (1991) Hypertension , vol.17 , Issue.6 PART 2 , pp. 969-976
    • Hunt, S.C.1    Stephenson, S.H.2    Hopkins, P.N.3
  • 17
    • 33846419122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperuricemia and incidence of hypertension among men without metabolic syndrome
    • DOI 10.1161/01.HYP.0000254480.64564.b6, PII 0000426820070200000012
    • Krishnan E, Kwoh CK, Schumacher HR, et al. Hyperuricemia and incidence of hypertension among men without metabolic syndrome. Hypertension 2007; 49 (2): 298-303 (Pubitemid 46143005)
    • (2007) Hypertension , vol.49 , Issue.2 , pp. 298-303
    • Krishnan, E.1    Kwoh, C.K.2    Schumacher, H.R.3    Kuller, L.4
  • 18
    • 0141962657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum uric acid and plasma norepinephrine concentrations predict subsequent weight gain and blood pressure elevation
    • DOI 10.1161/01.HYP.0000091371.53502.D3
    • Masuo K, Kawaguchi H, Mikami H, et al. Serum uric acid and plasma norepinephrine concentrations predict subsequent weight gain and blood pressure elevation. Hypertension 2003; 42 (4): 474-80 (Pubitemid 37237341)
    • (2003) Hypertension , vol.42 , Issue.4 , pp. 474-480
    • Masuo, K.1    Kawaguchi, H.2    Mikami, H.3    Ogihara, T.4    Tuck, M.L.5
  • 21
    • 0041803243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum uric acid and risk for development of hypertension and impaired fasting glucose or Type II diabetes in Japanese male office workers
    • DOI 10.1023/A:1024600905574
    • Nakanishi N, Okamoto M, Yoshida H, et al. Serum uric acid and risk for development of hypertension and impaired fasting glucose or type II diabetes in Japanese male office workers. Eur J Epidemiol 2003; 18 (6): 523-30 (Pubitemid 36899556)
    • (2003) European Journal of Epidemiology , vol.18 , Issue.6 , pp. 523-530
    • Nakanishi, N.1    Okamoto, M.2    Yoshida, H.3    Matsuo, Y.4    Suzuki, K.5    Tatara, K.6
  • 23
    • 0025310755 scopus 로고
    • Precursors of essential hypertension: Pulmonary function, heart rate, uric acid, serum cholesterol, and other serum chemistries
    • Selby JV, Friedman GD, Quesenberry Jr CP. Precursors of essential hypertension: pulmonary function, heart rate, uric acid, serum cholesterol, and other serum chemistries. Am J Epidemiol 1990; 131 (6): 1017-27 (Pubitemid 20178623)
    • (1990) American Journal of Epidemiology , vol.131 , Issue.6 , pp. 1017-1027
    • Selby, J.V.1    Friedman, G.D.2    Quesenberry Jr., C.P.3
  • 24
    • 33751215875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association between serum uric acid level and long-term incidence of hypertension: Population-based cohort study
    • DOI 10.1038/sj.jhh.1002095, PII 1002095
    • Shankar A, Klein R, Klein BE, et al. The association between serum uric acid level and long-term incidence of hypertension: population-based cohort study. J Hum Hypertens 2006; 20 (12): 937-45 (Pubitemid 44782827)
    • (2006) Journal of Human Hypertension , vol.20 , Issue.12 , pp. 937-945
    • Shankar, A.1    Klein, R.2    Klein, B.E.K.3    Nieto, F.J.4
  • 25
    • 11244264034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relations of serum uric acid to longitudinal blood pressure tracking and hypertension incidence
    • DOI 10.1161/01.HYP.0000150784.92944.9a
    • Sundstrom J, Sullivan L, D'Agostino RB, et al. Relations of serum uric acid to longitudinal blood pressure tracking and hypertension incidence. Hypertension 2005; 45 (1): 28-33 (Pubitemid 40066409)
    • (2005) Hypertension , vol.45 , Issue.1 , pp. 28-33
    • Sundstrom, J.1    Sullivan, L.2    D'Agostino, R.B.3    Levy, D.4    Kannel, W.B.5    Vasan, R.S.6
  • 26
    • 0034960657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum uric acid and the risk for hypertension and type 2 diabetes in Japanese men: The Osaka health survey
    • DOI 10.1097/00004872-200107000-00005
    • Taniguchi Y, Hayashi T, Tsumura K, et al. Serum uric acid and the risk for hypertension and type 2 diabetes in Japanese men: The Osaka Health Survey. J Hypertens 2001; 19 (7): 1209-15 (Pubitemid 32595276)
    • (2001) Journal of Hypertension , vol.19 , Issue.7 , pp. 1209-1215
    • Taniguchi, Y.1    Hayashi, T.2    Tsumura, K.3    Endo, G.4    Fujii, S.5    Okada, K.6
  • 27
    • 84873076301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum urate levelsin young adults are associated with the risk of incident hypertension: Findings from the Coronary Artery Risk Developmentin Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort
    • Atlanta (GA)
    • Gaffo AL, Jacobs Jr DR, Sijtsma F, et al. Serum urate levelsin young adults are associated with the risk of incident hypertension: findings from the Coronary Artery Risk Developmentin Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort. In: Meeting of the American College of Rheumatology. Atlanta (GA): 2010
    • (2010) Meeting of the American College of Rheumatology
    • Gaffo, A.L.1    Jacobs Jr., D.R.2    Sijtsma, F.3
  • 28
    • 79952232932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperuricemia and incident hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Grayson PC, Kim SY, Lavalley M, et al. Hyperuricemia and incident hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2011; 63 (1): 102-10
    • (2011) Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) , vol.63 , Issue.1 , pp. 102-110
    • Grayson, P.C.1    Kim, S.Y.2    Lavalley, M.3
  • 29
    • 70449727922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma uric acid and hypertension in a chinese community: Prospective study and metaanalysis
    • Zhang W, Sun K, Yang Y, et al. Plasma uric acid and hypertension in a Chinese community: prospective study and metaanalysis. Clin Chem 2009; 55 (11): 2026-34
    • (2009) Clin Chem , vol.55 , Issue.11 , pp. 2026-2034
    • Zhang, W.1    Sun, K.2    Yang, Y.3
  • 30
    • 50449095362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of allopurinol on blood pressure of adolescents with newly diagnosed essential hypertension: A randomized trial
    • Feig DI, Soletsky B, Johnson RJ. Effect of allopurinol on blood pressure of adolescents with newly diagnosed essential hypertension: a randomized trial. JAMA 2008; 300 (8): 924-32
    • (2008) JAMA , vol.300 , Issue.8 , pp. 924-932
    • Feig, D.I.1    Soletsky, B.2    Johnson, R.J.3
  • 32
    • 34447559058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available from URL Accessed 2011 Jul 11
    • US National Institute of Health online. Available from URL: http://clinicaltrials. gov/ct2/show/NCT00241839?term= allopurinol+AND+hypertension&rank=3 Accessed 2011 Jul 11
    • US National Institute of Health Online
  • 33
    • 75749130719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperuricemia and coronary heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Kim SY, Guevara JP, Kim KM, et al. Hyperuricemia and coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2010; 62 (2): 170-80
    • (2010) Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) , vol.62 , Issue.2 , pp. 170-180
    • Kim, S.Y.1    Guevara, J.P.2    Kim, K.M.3
  • 34
    • 62549112964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum uric acid level as an independent risk factor for all-cause, cardiovascular, and ischemic stroke mortality: A chinese cohort study
    • Chen JH, Chuang SY, Chen HJ, et al. Serum uric acid level as an independent risk factor for all-cause, cardiovascular, and ischemic stroke mortality: a Chinese cohort study. Arthritis Rheum 2009; 61 (2): 225-32
    • (2009) Arthritis Rheum , vol.61 , Issue.2 , pp. 225-232
    • Chen, J.H.1    Chuang, S.Y.2    Chen, H.J.3
  • 35
    • 41149132166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between coronary artery disease and uric acid levels in young patients with acute myocardial infarction
    • Tatli E, Aktoz M, Buyuklu M, et al. The relationship between coronary artery disease and uric acid levelsinyoung patients with acute myocardial infarction. Cardiol J 2008; 15 (1): 21-5 (Pubitemid 351425097)
    • (2008) Cardiology Journal , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 21-25
    • Tatli, E.1    Aktoz, M.2    Buyuklu, M.3    Altun, A.4
  • 36
    • 67650486326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperuricemia and risk of stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Kim SY, Guevara JP, Kim KM, et al. Hyperuricemia and risk of stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arthritis Rheum 2009; 61 (7): 885-92
    • (2009) Arthritis Rheum , vol.61 , Issue.7 , pp. 885-892
    • Kim, S.Y.1    Guevara, J.P.2    Kim, K.M.3
  • 38
    • 77953663063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperuricemia and incident heart failure
    • Krishnan E. Hyperuricemia and incident heart failure. Circ Heart Fail 2009; 2 (6): 556-62
    • (2009) Circ Heart Fail , vol.2 , Issue.6 , pp. 556-562
    • Krishnan, E.1
  • 40
    • 40849135623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum uric acid is an independent predictor for all major forms of cardiovascular death in 28, 613 elderly women: A prospective 21-year follow-up study
    • Strasak AM, Kelleher CC, Brant LJ, et al. Serum uric acid is an independent predictor for all major forms of cardiovascular death in 28, 613 elderly women: a prospective 21-year follow-up study. Int J Cardiol 2008; 125 (2): 232-9
    • (2008) Int J Cardiol , vol.125 , Issue.2 , pp. 232-239
    • Strasak, A.M.1    Kelleher, C.C.2    Brant, L.J.3
  • 41
    • 78649380645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uric acid level and allopurinol use as risk markers of mortality and morbidity in systolic heart failure
    • Wu AH, Ghali JK, Neuberg GW, et al. Uric acid level and allopurinol use as risk markers of mortality and morbidity in systolic heart failure. Am Heart J 2010; 160 (5): 928-33
    • (2010) Am Heart J , vol.160 , Issue.5 , pp. 928-933
    • Wu, A.H.1    Ghali, J.K.2    Neuberg, G.W.3
  • 42
    • 33748116331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Effect of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition Upon Ejection Fraction in Heart Failure Patients: La Plata Study
    • DOI 10.1016/j.cardfail.2006.05.005, PII S1071916406002557
    • Cingolani HE, Plastino JA, Escudero EM, et al. The effect of xanthine oxidase inhibition upon ejection fraction in heart failure patients: La Plata Study. J Card Fail 2006; 12 (7): 491-8 (Pubitemid 44307706)
    • (2006) Journal of Cardiac Failure , vol.12 , Issue.7 , pp. 491-498
    • Cingolani, H.E.1    Plastino, J.A.2    Escudero, E.M.3    Mangal, B.4    Brown, J.5    Perez, N.G.6
  • 44
    • 0033529386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum uric acid and risk for cardiovascular disease and death: The Framingham heart study
    • Culleton BF, Larson MG, Kannel WB, et al. Serum uric acid and risk for cardiovascular disease and death: the Framingham Heart Study. Ann Intern Med 1999; 131 (1): 7-13 (Pubitemid 29310011)
    • (1999) Annals of Internal Medicine , vol.131 , Issue.1 , pp. 7-13
    • Culleton, B.F.1    Larson, M.G.2    Kannel, W.B.3    Levy, D.4
  • 45
    • 0034630917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum uric acid and cardiovascular mortality: The NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study, 1971-1992
    • Fang J, Alderman MH. Serum uric acid and cardiovascular mortality the NHANES I epidemiologic follow-up study, 1971-1992. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA 2000; 283 (18): 2404-10 (Pubitemid 30257539)
    • (2000) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.283 , Issue.18 , pp. 2404-2410
    • Fang, J.1    Alderman, M.H.2
  • 46
    • 0026325211 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between resistance to insulin-mediated glucose uptake, urinary uric acid clearance, and plasma uric acid concentration
    • Facchini F, Chen YD, Hollenbeck CB, et al. Relationship between resistance to insulin-mediated glucose uptake, urinary uric acid clearance, and plasma uric acid concentration. JAMA 1991; 266 (21): 3008-11
    • (1991) JAMA , vol.266 , Issue.21 , pp. 3008-3011
    • Facchini, F.1    Chen, Y.D.2    Hollenbeck, C.B.3
  • 47
    • 0031904638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of visceral fat accumulation on uric acid metabolism in male obese subjects: Visceral fat obesity is linked more closely to overproduction of uric acid than subcutaneous fat obesity
    • DOI 10.1016/S0026-0495(98)90346-8
    • Matsuura F, Yamashita S, Nakamura T, et al. Effect of visceral fat accumulation on uric acid metabolism in male obese subjects: visceral fat obesity is linked more closely to overproduction of uric acid than subcutaneous fat obesity. Metabolism 1998 Aug; 47 (8): 929-33 (Pubitemid 28364609)
    • (1998) Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental , vol.47 , Issue.8 , pp. 929-933
    • Matsuura, F.1    Yamashita, S.2    Nakamura, T.3    Nishida, M.4    Nozaki, S.5    Funahashi, T.6    Matsuzawa, Y.7
  • 50
    • 0021366307 scopus 로고
    • Severe allopurinol toxicity. Description and guidelines for prevention in patients with renal insufficiency
    • Hande KR, Noone RM, Stone WJ. Severe allopurinol toxicity: description and guidelines for prevention in patients with renal insufficiency. Am J Med 1984; 76 (1): 47-56 (Pubitemid 14216359)
    • (1984) American Journal of Medicine , vol.76 , Issue.1 , pp. 47-56
    • Hande, K.R.1    Noone, R.M.2    Stone, W.J.3
  • 53
    • 10644277925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beer, liquor, and wine consumption and serum uric acid level: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    • DOI 10.1002/art.20821
    • Choi HK, Curhan G. Beer, liquor, and wine consumption and serum uric acid level: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Arthritis Rheum 2004; 51 (6): 1023-9 (Pubitemid 39648198)
    • (2004) Arthritis Care and Research , vol.51 , Issue.6 , pp. 1023-1029
    • Choi, H.K.1    Curhan, G.2
  • 54
    • 12344327218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intake of purine-rich foods, protein, and dairy products and relationship to serum levels of uric acid: The third national health and nutrition examination survey
    • DOI 10.1002/art.20761
    • Choi HK, Liu S, Curhan G. Intake of purine-rich foods, protein, and dairy products and relationship to serum levels of uric acid: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Arthritis Rheum 2005; 52 (1): 283-9 (Pubitemid 40129260)
    • (2005) Arthritis and Rheumatism , vol.52 , Issue.1 , pp. 283-289
    • Choi, H.K.1    Liu, S.2    Curhan, G.3
  • 55
    • 78149473850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum urate and its relationship with alcoholic beverage intake in men and women: Findings from the coronary artery risk development in young adults (CARDIA) cohort
    • Gaffo AL, Roseman JM, Jacobs Jr DR, et al. Serum urate and its relationship with alcoholic beverage intake in men and women: findings from the coronary artery risk development in young adults (CARDIA) cohort. Ann Rheum Dis 2010; 69 (11): 1965-70
    • (2010) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.69 , Issue.11 , pp. 1965-1970
    • Gaffo, A.L.1    Roseman, J.M.2    Jacobs Jr., D.R.3
  • 56
    • 77953615298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of high-dose allopurinol on exercise in patients with chronic stable angina: A randomised, placebo controlled crossover trial
    • Noman A, Ang DS, Ogston S, et al. Effect of high-dose allopurinol on exercise in patients with chronic stable angina: a randomised, placebo controlled crossover trial. Lancet 2010; 375 (9732): 2161-7
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.375 , Issue.9732 , pp. 2161-2167
    • Noman, A.1    Ang, D.S.2    Ogston, S.3
  • 57
    • 79151481493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gout therapeutics: New drugs for an old disease
    • Burns CM, Wortmann RL. Gout therapeutics: new drugs for an old disease. Lancet 2010; 377 (9760): 165-77
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.377 , Issue.9760 , pp. 165-177
    • Burns, C.M.1    Wortmann, R.L.2
  • 58
    • 62949147825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available from URL Accessed 2011 July 11
    • European Medicines Agency online. Available from URL: http://www.emea. europa.eu/humandocs/Humans/EPAR/adenuric/adenuric.htm. Accessed 2011 July 11
    • European Medicines Agency Online
  • 59
    • 56049091009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal treatment of knee monarthritis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A decision analysis
    • Beukelman T, Guevara JP, Albert DA. Optimal treatment of knee monarthritis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a decision analysis. Arthritis Rheum 2008; 59 (11): 1580-8
    • (2008) Arthritis Rheum , vol.59 , Issue.11 , pp. 1580-1588
    • Beukelman, T.1    Guevara, J.P.2    Albert, D.A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.