False-negative rate and recovery efficiency performance of a validated sponge wipe sampling method

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Volumn 78, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 846-854

  Krauter, Paula A ^a   Piepel, Greg F ^b   Boucher, Raymond ^a   Tezak, Matt ^a   Amidan, Brett G ^b   Einfeld, Wayne ^a  

^a SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORIES   (United States)

^b PACIFIC NORTHWEST NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANALYSIS METHOD; BACILLUS ATROPHAEUS; CERAMIC TILE; ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL SURFACES; LIMIT OF DETECTION; LINEAR DEPENDENCE; POST-SAMPLING; RECOVERY EFFICIENCY; SAMPLING LOCATION; SAMPLING METHOD; SAMPLING RESULTS; STATISTICAL SAMPLING; SURFACE MATERIALS;

BACTERIOLOGY; RECOVERY; SAMPLING; STAINLESS STEEL; SURFACE ROUGHNESS; SURFACE TESTING;

SURFACES;

BACTERIUM; DETECTION METHOD; ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS; MODEL VALIDATION; PLASTIC; SAMPLING; SPORE; SURFACE AREA; SURFACE ROUGHNESS;

ARTICLE; BACILLUS; BACTERIAL LOAD; BACTERIAL SPORE; DIAGNOSTIC ERROR; EVALUATION; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS; METHODOLOGY; MICROBIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION; MICROBIOLOGY; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SURFACE PROPERTY;

BACILLUS; BACTERIAL LOAD; DIAGNOSTIC ERRORS; ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY; MICROBIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SPECIMEN HANDLING; SPORES, BACTERIAL; SURFACE PROPERTIES;

BACILLUS ATROPHAEUS;

EID: 84856202710     PISSN: 00992240     EISSN: 10985336     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.07403-11     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Almeida JL, Harper B, Cole KD. 2008. Bacillus anthracis spore suspensions: determination of stability and comparison of enumeration techniques. J. Appl. Microbiol. 104:1442-1448.
2. Brown GS, et al. 2007. Evaluation of a wipe surface sample method for collection of Bacillus spores from nonporous surfaces. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73:706-710.
3. Brown GS, et al. 2007. Evaluation of rayon swab surface sample collection method for Bacillus spores from nonporous surfaces. J. Appl. Microbiol. 103:1074-1080.
4. Brown GS, et al. 2007. Evaluation of vacuum filter sock surface sample collection method for Bacillus spores from porous and non-porous surfaces. J. Environ. Monitor. 9:666-671.
5. Buttner MP, Cruz-Perez P, Stetzenbach LD. 2001. Enhanced detection of surface-associated bacteria in indoor environments by quantitative PCR. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67:2564-2570.
6. Buttner MP, et al. 2004. Determination of the efficacy of two building decontamination strategies by surface sampling with culture and quantitative PCR analysis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70:4740-4747.
7. Buttner MP, et al. 2004. Evaluation of the biological sampling kit (BiSKit) for large-area surface sampling. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70:7040-7045.
8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 6 December 2006, posting date. Facts about the Laboratory Response Network. http://www.bt.cdc.gov/lrn/pdf/lrnfactsheet.pdf.
9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. 7 September 2010, posting date. Surface sampling for Bacillus anthracis spores from smooth, non-porous surfaces. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Atlanta, GA. http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/emres/surface-sampling-bacillus-anthracis.html.
10. Da Silva SM, Filliben JJ, Morrow JB. 2011. Parameters affecting spore recovery from wipes used in biological surface sampling. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 77:2374-2380.
11. Davison AC, Hinkley D. 2006. Bootstrap methods and their application, 8th ed. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY.
12. Dorsa WJ, Siragusa GR, Cutter CN, Berry ED, Koohmaraie M. 1997. Efficacy of using a sponge sampling method to recover low levels of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella typhimurium, and aerobic bacteria from beef carcass surface tissue. Food Microbiol. 14:63-69.
13. Edmonds JM. 2009. Efficient methods for large-area surface sampling of sites contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms and other hazardous agents: current state, needs, and perspectives, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 84:811-816.
14. Edmonds JM, et al. 2009. Surface sampling of spores in dry-deposition aerosols. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75:39-44.
15. Estill CF, et al. 2009. Recovery efficiency and limit of detection of aerosolized Bacillus anthracis Sterne from environmental surface samples. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75:4297-4306.
16. Frawley DA, et al. 2008. Recovery efficiencies of anthrax spores and ricin from nonporous or nonabsorbent and porous or absorbent surfaces by a variety of sampling methods. J. Forensic Sci. 53:1102-1107.
17. Government Accountability Office (GAO). 2005. Anthrax detection: agencies need to validate sampling activities in order to increase confidence in negative results (report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on National Security, Emerging Threats, and International Relations, House Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives), GAO-05-251. US Government Accountability Office, Washington, DC.
18. Government Accountability Office (GAO). 2005. Anthrax detection: agencies need to validate sampling activities in order to increase confidence in negative results (testimony before the Chairman, Subcommittee on National Security, Emerging Threats, and International Relations, House Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives), GAO-05-493T. US Government Accountability Office, Washington, DC.
19. Government Accountability Office (GAO). 2003. Bioterrorism- Public Health Response to Anthrax Incidents of 2001. (Report to the Honorable Bill Frist, Majority Leader, U.S. Senate), GAO-04-152, GAO-05-251. US Government Accountability Office, Washington, DC.
20. Hahn GJ, Shapiro SS. 1968. Statistical models in engineering. John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY.
21. Hitchins AD, Mishra-Szymanski A. 1999. Qualitative and quantitative microbiology guidelines for methods validation. J. AOAC Int. 82(2):402-416.
22. Hodges LR, Rose LJ, Peterson A, Noble-Wang J, Arduino MJ. 2006. Evaluation of a macrofoam swab protocol for the recovery of Bacillus anthracis spores from a steel surface. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72:4429-4430.
23. Hodges LR, Rose LJ, O'Connell H, Arduino MJ. 2010. National validation study of a swab protocol for the recovery of Bacillus anthracis spores from surfaces. J. Microbiol. Methods 81:141-146.
24. Hong T, Gurian PL, Dudley Ward NF. 2010. Setting risk-informed environmental standards for Bacillus anthracis spores. Risk Anal. 30:1602-1622.
25. Lewandowski R, Kozlowska K, Szpakowska M, Stepinska M, Trafny EA. 2010. Use of a foam spatula for sampling surfaces after bioaerosol deposition. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 76:688-694.
26. Mathwave. 2011. Johnson SB distribution, Mathwave Technologies, Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine. http://www.mathwave.com/help/easyfit/html/analyses/distributions/johnson_sb.html. Accessed 10 November 2011.
27. Miller RG. 1981. Simultaneous statistical inference, 2nd ed. Springer Verlag, New York, NY.
28. Nellen J, Rettberg P, Horneck G, Streit WR. 2006. Planetary protection- approaching uncultivable microorganisms. Adv. Space Res. 38:1266-1270.
29. Piepel GF, Amidan BG, Krauter PA, Einfeld W. 2011. Experimental design for a sponge-wipe study to relate the recovery efficiency and false negative rate to the concentration of a Bacillus anthracis surrogate for six surface materials, PNNL-20060, Rev. 1. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA. http://www.pnl.gov/main/publications/external/technical_reports/PNNL-20060.pdf.
30. Piepel GF, Amidan BG, Hu R. 2011. Laboratory studies on surface sampling of Bacillus anthracis contamination: summary, gaps, and recommendations, PNNL-20910, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA. http://www.pnl.gov/main/publications/external/technical_reports/PNNL-20910.pdf.
31. Price PN, Sohn MD, Lacommare KSH, McWilliams JA. 2009. Framework for evaluating anthrax risk in buildings. Environ. Sci. Technol. 43:1783-1787.
32. Probst A, Facius R, Wirth R, Moissl-Eichinger C. 2010. Validation of a nylon-flocked-swab protocol for efficient recovery of bacterial spores from smooth and rough surfaces. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 76:5148-5158.
33. Probst A, Facius R, Wirth R, Wolf M, Moissl-Eichinger C. 2011. Recovery of Bacillus spore contaminants from rough surfaces: a challenge to space mission cleanliness control. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 77:1628-1637.
34. Quizon R, et al. 2007. Test and evaluation of surface sampling approaches before and after small-scale fumigation-based decontamination events, NSTD-07-0592. Applied Physics Laboratory, National Security Technology Department, John Hopkins University, Laurel, MD.
35. Rastogi VK, Wallace L, Smith LS, Ryan SP, Martin B. 2009. Quantitative method to determine sporicidal decontamination of building surfaces by gaseous fumigants, and issues related to laboratory-scale studies. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75:3688-3694.
36. Rogers JV, et al. 2005. Decontamination assessment of Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus subtilis, and Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores on indoor surfaces using a hydrogen peroxide gas generator. J. Appl. Microbiol. 99:739-748.
37. Ronner U, Husmark U, Henriksson A. 1990. Adhesion of Bacillus spores in relation to hydrophobicity. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 69:550-556.
38. Rose L, Jensen B, Peterson A, Banerjee SN, Arduino MJ. 2004. Swab materials and Bacillus anthracis spore recovery from nonporous surfaces. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 10:1023-1029.
39. Rose LJ, Hodges L, O'Connell H, Noble-Wang J. 2011. National validation study of a cellulose sponge-wipe processing method for use after sampling Bacillus anthracis spores from surfaces. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 77:8355-8359.
40. Sanderson WT, et al. 2004. Bacillus anthracis contamination and inhalational anthrax in a mail processing and distribution center. J. Appl. Microbiol. 96:1048-1056.
41. Seber GAF, Wild CJ. 2003. Nonlinear regression, 2nd ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY.
42. Tomasino SF, et al. 2010. Use of alternative carrier materials in AOAC official method 2008.05, efficacy of liquid sporicides against spores of Bacillus subtilis on a hard, nonporous surface, quantitative three-step method. J. AOAC Int. 93:259-276.
43. US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and National Institutes of Health. 1999. Biosafety in microbiological and biomedical laboratories, 4th ed. HHS publication no. (CDC) 93-8395. CDC, Atlanta, GA.
44. Valentine NB, et al. 2008. Evaluation of sampling tools for environmental sampling of bacterial endospores from porous and nonporous surfaces. J. Appl. Microbiol. 105:1107-1113.
45. Valiante DJ, Schill DP, Bresnitz EA, Burr GA, Mead KR. 2003. Responding to a bioterrorist attack: environmental investigation of anthrax in New Jersey. Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 18:780-785.