Extending the school day or school year: A systematic review of research (1985-2009)

Review of Educational Research

Volumn 80, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 401-436

  Patall, Erika A ^a   Cooper, Harris ^b   Allen, Ashley Batts ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

^b DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Achievement; Extended school time; Systematic review

Indexed keywords

EID: 84856166190     PISSN: 00346543     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3102/0034654310377086     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Adelman, N. E., Haslam, M. B., & Pringle, B. A. (1996). Studies of education reform: The uses of time for teaching and learning. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement. Retrieved from ERIC database. (ED397562)
2. Alexander, R., Armstrong, M., Flutter, J., Hargreaves, L., Harlen, W., Harrison, D., &Utting, D. (2009). Children, their world, their education: Final report and recommendations of the Cambridge Primary Review. New York, NY: Routledge.
3. Aronson, J., Zimmerman, J., & Carlos, L. (1999). Improving student achievement by extending school: Is it just a matter of time? San Francisco, CA: Office of Educational Research and Improvement. Retrieved from ERIC database. (ED435082) Associated Press. (2009, July 23). Proposal to extend Ohio's school year under review. Times-Reporter, (Dover-New Phileadelphia, Ohio). Retrieved from http://www.timesreporter.com/news/schools/x1641093240/Proposal-to-extend-Ohios-schoolyear-under-review.
4. Baker, D. P., Fabrega, R., Galindo, C., & Mishook, J. (2004). Instructional time and national achievement: Cross national-evidence. Prospects: Quarterly Review of Comparative Education, 34, 311-334. doi: 10.1007/s11125-004-5310-1
5. Barrett, M. J. (1990). The case for more school days. Atlantic Monthly, 266, 78-106.
6. Bishop, J., Worner, W., & Weber, L. (1988). Extending the school day: An evaluation of a seven-period class schedule. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 14, 361-380.
7. Brown, C. G., Rocha, E., Sharkey, A., Hadley, E., Handley, C., & Kronley, R. A. (2005). Getting smarter, becoming fairer: A progressive education agenda for a stronger nation. Washington DC: Center for American Progress and Institute for America's Future.
8. Brown, M. E. M. (1998). A comparative study of the effectiveness of an extended year program for kindergartners (intervention, at risk, readiness) (Doctoral dissertation). Available from Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 9825653).
9. Caldwell, J. H., Huitt, W. G., & Graeber, A. O. (1982). Time spent in learning: Implications from research. Elementary School Journal, 82, 171-180.
10. Carnegie Corporation. (1994). A matter of time: Risk and opportunity in the out-ofschool hours. New York, NY: Author.
11. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
12. Cooper, H., Allen, A. B., Patall, E. A., & Dent, A. L. (2010). Effects of full-day kindergarten on academic achievement and social development. Review of Educational Research, 80, 34-70. doi: 10.3102/0034654309359185
13. Cooper, H., Nye, B., Charlton, K., Lindsay, J., & Greathouse, S. (1996). The effects of summer vacation on achievement test scores: A narrative and meta-analytic review. Review of Educational Research, 6, 227-268. doi: 10.3102/00346543066003227
14. Cotton, K. (1989). Classroom questioning, close-up #5. Portland, OR: Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory. Retrieved from ERIC database. (ED312030)
15. Cuban, L. (2008). The perennial reform: Fixing school time. Phi Delta Kappan, 90, 240-250.
16. Denham, C., & Lieberman, A. (1980). Time to learn. Washington, DC: National Institute of Education.
17. Durando, J. (2009, June 11). Kids reap benefits of long school year. USA Today Retrieved from http://www.usatoday.com/news/education/2009-06-09-charterschools-longer_N.htm
18. Educational Research Service. (1984). Teachers and Principals: May 1984. ERS Educator Opinion Poll. Reporting the Opinions, Status, and Experiences of American Public School Educators. Arlington, VA: ERS. Retrieved from ERIC database. ED249643.
19. Elam, S. (1989). The second Gallup/Phi Delta Kappa Poll of teachers' attitudes toward the public schools. Phi Delta Kappan, 70, 785-798.
20. Ellis, T. L. (1984). Extending the school year and day. ERIC Digest, 7. Retrieved from ERIC database. (ED259450)
21. Evans, W., & Bechtel, D. (1998). Extended school day/year programs: A research synthesis. Philadelphia, PA: Laboratory for Student Success. Retrieved from ERIC database. (ED461695)
22. Farbman, D., & Kaplan, C. (2005). Time for a change: The promise of extended-time schools for promoting student achievement. Boston: Massachusetts 2020.
23. Frazier, J. A., & Morrison, F. J. (1998). The influence of extended-year schooling on growth of achievement and perceived competence in early elementary school. Child Development, 69, 495-517. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org
24. Fredrick, W. C., & Walberg, H. J. (1980). Learning as a function of time. Journal of Educational Research, 73, 183-194.
25. Funkhouser, J. E., Humphrey, D. C., Panton, K. L. M., & Rosenthal, E. D. (1995). A research review: The educational uses of time (Vol. 4). Washington, DC: Policy Studies Associates. Retrieved from ERIC database. (ED397565)
26. Gandara, P. (2000). The dimensions of time and the challenge of school reform. Albany: State University of New York Press.
27. Gewertz, C. (2008). Consensus on increasing learning time builds. Education Week, 28, 14-17.
28. Gold, K. M. (2002). School's in: The history of summer education in American public schools. New York, NY: Peter Lang.
29. Gonzales, P., Guzmán, J. Z., Partelow, L., Pahlke, E., Jocelyn, L., Kastberg, D., & Williams, T. (2004). Highlights from the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2003 (NCES 2005-005). Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
30. Green, C. A. (1998). The Extended School Year Program consolidated report: Achievement test scores and survey findings (Tech. Rep.). Detroit, MI: Detroit Public Schools Office of Research, Evaluation, and Testing. Retrieved from ERIC database. (ED417245)
31. Harms, T., & Clifford, R. M. (1980). Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale. New York, NY: Columbia University, Teachers College.
32. Harter, S., & Pike, R. (1984). The Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance for Young Children. Child Development, 55, 1969-1982. doi: 10.2307/1129772
33. Hossler, C., Stage, F., & Gallagher, K. (1988, March). The relationship of increased instructional time to student achievement. Policy Bulletin: Consortium on Educational Policy Studies, pp. 1-5. Retrieved from ERIC database. (ED298671)
34. Hough, A. (2008, February 8). Study says children starting school too early. Reuters UK. Retrieved from http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKELK83660520080208
35. Johnson, S. P., & Spradlin, T. E. (2007). Alternatives to the traditional school-year calendar. Education Policy Brief, 5, 3. Retrieved from http://ceep.indiana.edu/projects/PDF/PB_V5N3_Spring_2007_EPB.pdf
36. Karweit, N. (1985). Should we lengthen the school term? Educational Researcher, 14(6), 9. doi: 10.3102/0013189X014006009
37. Karweit, N., & Slavin, R. E. (1981). Measurement and modeling choices in studies of time and learning. American Educational Research Journal, 18, 157-171. doi: 10.3102/00028312018002157
38. Kepner, A. (2007, February 19). More school can mean more learning: Vision 2015 wants to add 140 teaching hours to Delaware school year. The News Journal (Wilmington, Delaware). Retrieved from http://www.vision2015delaware.org/resources/21907moreschool.pdf
39. Kocian, L. (2009, August 9). Looking for lessons after a longer day. Boston Globe. Retrieved from http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2009/08/09/year_of_extended_school_day_draws_mixed_reaction/
40. Lenfestey, J. P. (2006, June). Educating Minnesota: Seven not-so-modest proposals that will improve our public schools. Mpls. St. Paul Magazine, (Minneapolis/St.Paul, Minnesota). Retrieved from http://www.mspmag.com/education/swansonseries/swansonseries/34379.asp.
41. Levin, H. M. (1984). Clocking instruction: A reform whose time has come? Retrieved from ERIC database. (ED245318)
42. Mazzarella, J. A. (1984). Longer day, longer year: Will they make a difference? Principal, 63(5), 14.
43. Meier, M. (2009). Exploring the effects of school calendars on student achievement. (Doctoral Dissertation). Available from Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 3372338).
44. McDonald, A. J., Ross, S. M., Abney, J., & Zoblotsky, T. (2008, March). Urban school reform: Year 4 outcomes for the Knowledge Is Power Program in an urban middle school. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New York, NY. Retrieved from http://www.kipp.org/files/dmfile/CREP_KIPP_Diamond_Year4.pdf
45. National Education Association. (1987). What research says about series: Extending the school day/year: Proposals and results. Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved from ERIC database. (ED321374)
46. New York City Board of Education. (2000). Analyses of performance of extended-time and nonextended time SURR school (Flash Research Rep. 1). Retrieved from ERIC database. (ED451314)
47. Nickerson, K. S. (1971, March). Extended educational opportunities and the extended school year (revised). Paper presented at the Maine Secondary and Post-Secondary Schools annual educational conference. Retrieved from ERIC database. (ED052531)
48. Obama, B. (2009, March 10). Speech given to the Hispanic Chamber of Commerce, Washington, D.C. Retrieved from http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/Remarks-of-the-President-to-the-United-States-Hispanic-Chamber-of-Commerce
49. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. (2004). Learning for tomorrow's world. First results from PISA 2003. Paris: OECD. Available from http://www.oecd.org/document/55/0,3343,en_32252351_32236173_33917303_1_1_1_1,00.html
50. Pittman, R., Cox, R., & Burchfiel, G. (1986). The extended school year: Implications for student achievement. Journal of Experimental Education, 54, 211-215. Retrieved from http://schoolyear.info/extendedyear.pdf
51. Quartarola, B. (1984). A research paper on time on task and the extended school day/year and their relationship to improving student achievement. Sacramento: Association of California School Administrators. Retrieved from ERIC database. (ED245347)
52. Rasberry, Q. (1992). The extended school year: Is more necessarily better? Retrieved from ERIC database. (ED353657)
53. Robin, K. B. (2005). The effects of extended-day, extended-year preschool on learning in literacy and mathematics. (Doctoral Dissertation). Available from Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 3233695).
54. Rose, L., & Gallup, A. (2006). The 38th annual Phi Delta Kappa/Gallup Poll of the public's attitudes toward the public schools. Phi Delta Kappan, 88, 41-56.
55. Ross, S. M., McDonald, A. J., Alberg, M., & McSparrin-Gallagher, B. (2007). Achievement and climate outcomes for the Knowledge Is Power Program in an innercity middle school. Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk, 12, 137-165.
56. Silva, E. (2007, January). On the clock: Rethinking the way schools use time. Education Sector, 1-22. Retrieved from http://www.educationsector.org/usr_doc/OntheClock.pdf
57. Sims, D. P. (2008). Strategic responses to school accountability measures: It's all in the timing. Economics of Education Review, 27, 58-68. doi: 10.1016/j.econedurev.2006.05.003
58. Stengel, R. (2009, April 15). Arne Duncan: The Apostle of Reform. Time. Retrieved from http://www.time.com/time/politics/article/0,8599,1891473,00.html.
59. Stevenson, H. W. (1983). Comparison of Japanese, Taiwanese and American mathematics achievement. Stanford, CA: Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences.
60. Stevenson, H. W., & Stigler, J. W. (1992). The learning gap: Why our schools are failing and what we can learn from Japanese and Chinese education. New York, NY: Summit Books.
61. Strother, D. B. (1984). Another look at time-on-task. Phi Delta Kappan, 65(10), 714-717.
62. Tyack, D., & Cuban, L. (1995). Tinkering toward utopia. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
63. van der Graaf, V. K. (2008). A five year comparison between an extended year school and a conventional year school: Effects on academic achievement (Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO). Retrieved from ERIC database. (ED505912)
64. Virginia State Department of Education. (1992). Instructional time and student learning: A study of the school calendar and instructional time. Retrieved from ERIC database. (ED356555)
65. Weiss, J., & Brown, R. S. (2003). Telling tales over time: Constructing and deconstructing the school calendar. Teachers College Record, 105, 1720-1757. doi: 10.1046/j.1467-9620.2003.00307.x
66. Wheeler, P. (1987). The relationship between grade six test scores and the length of the school day. Educational Research Quarterly, 11(3), 10-17.
67. Zaleski, A., & Colasanti, M. (2004). Number of instructional days/hours in the school year. Denver, CO: Education Commission of the States. Retrieved from http://www.ecs.org/html/Document.asp?chouseid=7824