Effects of intensive physical rehabilitation on neuromuscular adaptations in adults with poststroke hemiparesis

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

Volumn 25, Issue 10, 2011, Pages 2808-2817

  Andersen, Lars L ^a   Zeeman, Peter ^b   Jørgensen, Jørgen R ^b   Bech Pedersen, Daniel T ^b   Sørensen, Janne ^b   Kjær, Michael ^c   Andersen, Jesper L ^c  

^a NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE FOR THE WORKING ENVIRONMENT   (Denmark)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

^c BISPEBJERG HOSPITAL   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Electromyography; Isokinetic; Physical therapy; Resistance training; Stroke; Twitch

Indexed keywords

ADAPTATION; ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; FEMALE; GAIT; HUMAN; KINESIOTHERAPY; KNEE; LEG; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; MUSCLE STRENGTH; PARESIS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; SKELETAL MUSCLE; STROKE;

ADAPTATION, PHYSIOLOGICAL; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; EXERCISE THERAPY; FEMALE; GAIT; HUMANS; KNEE; LEG; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; MUSCLE STRENGTH; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; PARESIS; STROKE;

EID: 84856162359     PISSN: 10648011     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31822a62ef     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Aagaard, P. Training-induced changes in neural function. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 31: 61-67, 2003. (Pubitemid 36443762)
2. Aagaard, P, Simonsen, EB, Trolle, M, Bangsbo, J, and Klausen, K. Isokinetic hamstring/quadriceps strength ratio: Influence from joint angular velocity, gravity correction and contraction mode. Acta Physiol Scand 154: 421-427, 1995.
3. Adams, RW, Gandevia, SC, and Skuse, NF. The distribution of muscle weakness in upper motoneuron lesions affecting the lower limb. Brain 113: 1459-1476, 1990. (Pubitemid 20385924)
4. Andersen, LL, Andersen, CH, Zebis, MK, Nielsen, PK, Sogaard, K, and Sjogaard, G. Effect of physical training on function of chronically painful muscles: A randomized controlled trial. J Appl Physiol 105: 1796-1801, 2008.
5. Andersen, LL, Andersen, JL, Magnusson, SP, and Aagaard, P. Neuromuscular adaptations to detraining following resistance training in previously untrained subjects. Eur J Appl Physiol 93: 511-518, 2005. (Pubitemid 40443767)
6. Andersen, LL, Andersen, JL, Magnusson, SP, Suetta, C, Madsen, JL, Christensen, LR, and Aagaard, P. Changes in the human muscle force-velocity relationship in response to resistance training and subsequent detraining. J Appl Physiol 99: 87-94, 2005. (Pubitemid 40934468)
7. Andersen, LL, Nielsen, PK, Sogaard, K, Andersen, CH, Skotte, J, and Sjogaard, G. Torque-EMG-velocity relationship in female workers with chronic neck muscle pain. J Biomech 41: 2029-2035, 2008.
8. Andersen, LL, Tufekovic, G, Zebis, MK, Crameri, RM, Verlaan, G, Kjaer, M, Suetta, C, Magnusson, P, and Aagaard, P. The effect of resistance training combined with timed ingestion of protein on muscle fiber size and muscle strength. Metabolism 54: 151-156, 2005. (Pubitemid 40174841)
9. Badics, E, Wittmann, A, Rupp, M, Stabauer, B, and Zifko, UA. Systematic muscle building exercises in the rehabilitation of stroke patients. NeuroRehabilitation 17: 211-214, 2002. (Pubitemid 35025008)
10. Behm, DG and Sale, DG. Velocity specificity of resistance training. Sports Med 15: 374-388, 1993. (Pubitemid 23185970)
11. Bohannon, RW. Knee extension strength and body weight determine sit-to-stand independence after stroke. Physiother Theory Pract 23: 291-297, 2007. (Pubitemid 47575068)
12. Bohannon, RWand Andrews, AW. Relationships between impairments in strength of limb muscle actions following stroke. Percept Mot Skills 87: 1327-1330, 1998.
13. Bohannon, RWandWalsh, S. Nature, reliability, and predictive value of muscle performance measures in patients with hemiparesis following stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 73: 721-725, 1992.
14. Bourbonnais, D, Bilodeau, S, Lepage, Y, Beaudoin, N, Gravel, D, and Forget, R. Effect of force-feedback treatments in patients with chronic motor deficits after a stroke. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 81: 890-897, 2002. (Pubitemid 35351096)
15. Buchner, DM, Beresford, SA, Larson, EB, LaCroix, AZ, and Wagner, EH. Effects of physical activity on health status in older adults. II. Intervention studies. Annu Rev Public Health 13: 469-488, 1992.
16. Butler, M, Norton, R, Lee-Joe, T, and Coggan, C. Preventing falls and fall-related injuries among older people living in institutions: Current practice and future opportunities. N Z Med J 111: 359-361, 1998. (Pubitemid 128473352)
17. Canning, CG, Ada, L, Adams, R, and O'Dwyer, NJ. Loss of strength contributes more to physical disability after stroke than loss of dexterity. Clin Rehabil 18: 300-308, 2004. (Pubitemid 38559173)
18. Carin-Levy, G, Greig, C, Young, A, Lewis, S, Hannan, J, and Mead, G. Longitudinal changes in muscle strength and mass after acute stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis 21: 201-207, 2006.
19. Clark, DJ, Condliffe, EG, and Patten, C. Activation impairment alters muscle torque-velocity in the knee extensors of persons with poststroke hemiparesis. Clin Neurophysiol 117: 2328-2337, 2006. (Pubitemid 44333277)
20. Davies, JM, Mayston, MJ, and Newham, DJ. Electrical and mechanical output of the knee muscles during isometric and isokinetic activity in stroke and healthy adults. Disabil Rehabil 18: 83-90, 1996. (Pubitemid 26116001)
21. Engardt, M, Knutsson, E, Jonsson, M, and Sternhag, M. Dynamic muscle strength training in stroke patients: Effects on knee extension torque, electromyographic activity, and motor function. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 76: 419-425, 1995.
22. Enright, PL and Sherrill, DL. Reference equations for the sixminute walk in healthy adults. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 158: 1384-1387, 1998.
23. Farina, D, Merletti, R, and Enoka, RM. The extraction of neural strategies from the surface EMG. J Appl Physiol 96: 1486-1495, 2004. (Pubitemid 38392688)
24. Flansbjer, UB, Miller, M, Downham, D, and Lexell, J. Progressive resistance training after stroke: Effects on muscle strength, muscle tone, gait performance and perceived participation. J Rehabil Med 40: 42-48, 2008. (Pubitemid 351200732)
25. Fleck, SJ and Kraemer, WJ. Designing Resistance Training Programs. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2004.
26. Frontera, WR, Grimby, L, and Larsson, L. Firing rate of the lower motoneuron and contractile properties of its muscle fibers after upper motoneuron lesion in man. Muscle Nerve 20: 938-947, 1997. (Pubitemid 27306504)
27. Glasser, L. Effects of isokinetic training on the rate of movement during ambulation in hemiparetic patients. Phys Ther 66: 673-676, 1986. (Pubitemid 16039146)
28. Gowland, C, deBruin, H, Basmajian, JV, Plews, N, and Burcea, I. Agonist and antagonist activity during voluntary upper-limb movement in patients with stroke. Phys Ther 72: 624-633, 1992.
29. Harridge, SD. Plasticity of human skeletal muscle: Gene expression to in vivo function. Exp Physiol 92: 783-797, 2007. (Pubitemid 47283914)
30. Harridge, SD, Bottinelli, R, Canepari, M, Pellegrino, MA, Reggiani, C, Esbjornsson, M, and Saltin, B. Whole-muscle and single-fibre contractile properties and myosin heavy chain isoforms in humans. Pflugers Arch 432: 913-920, 1996. (Pubitemid 26281590)
31. Harridge, SD, Bottinelli, R, Canepari, M, Pellegrino, MA, Reggiani, C, Esbjornsson, M, and Saltin, B. Whole-muscle and single-fibre contractile properties and myosin heavy chain isoforms in humans. Pflugers Arch 432: 913-920, 1996. (Pubitemid 26281590)
32. Jensen, C, Vasseljen, O, and Westgaard, RH. The influence of electrode position on bipolar surface electromyogram recordings of the upper trapezius muscle. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 67: 266-273, 1993. (Pubitemid 23272226)
33. Jorgensen,HS,Nakayama, H, Raaschou,HO, Vive-Larsen, J, Stoier, M, and Olsen, TS. Outcome and time course of recovery in stroke. Part I: Outcome. The Copenhagen Stroke Study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 76: 399-405, 1995.
34. Jorgensen,HS,Nakayama, H, Raaschou,HO, Vive-Larsen, J, Stoier, M, and Olsen, TS. Outcome and time course of recovery in stroke. Part II: Time course of recovery. The Copenhagen Stroke Study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 76: 406-412, 1995.
35. Jorgensen, L and Jacobsen, BK. Changes in muscle mass, fat mass, and bone mineral content in the legs after stroke: A 1 year prospective study. Bone 28: 655-659, 2001. (Pubitemid 32577383)
36. Kim, CM, Eng, JJ, MacIntyre, DL, and Dawson, AS. Effects of isokinetic strength training on walking in persons with stroke: A double-blind controlled pilot study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 10: 265-273, 2001. (Pubitemid 34625122)
37. Lopez-Yunez, AM. The management of stroke patients by neurologists: Common questions and new observations. Semin Neurol 22: 53-61, 2002. (Pubitemid 34792770)
38. Lum, PS, Patten, C, Kothari, D, and Yap, R. Effects of velocity on maximal torque production in poststroke hemiparesis. Muscle Nerve 30: 732-742, 2004. (Pubitemid 39601289)
39. Moreland, JD, Goldsmith, CH, Huijbregts, MP, Anderson, RE, Prentice, DM, Brunton, KB, O'Brien, MA, and Torresin, WD. Progressive resistance strengthening exercises after stroke: A singleblind randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 84: 1433-1440, 2003. (Pubitemid 37237250)
40. Murray, CJ and Lopez, AD. Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet 349: 1269-1276, 1997. (Pubitemid 27192468)
41. Nadeau, S, Arsenault, AB, Gravel, D, and Bourbonnais, D. Analysis of the clinical factors determining natural and maximal gait speeds in adults with a stroke. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 78: 123-130, 1999. (Pubitemid 29135756)
42. Noorizadeh, DS, Talebian, S, Olyaei, G, and Montazeri, A. Reliability of isokinetic normalized peak torque assessments for knee muscles in post-stroke hemiparesis. Gait Posture 27: 715-718, 2008. (Pubitemid 351469979)
43. Olney, SJ, Nymark, J, Brouwer, B, Culham, E, Day, A, Heard, J, Henderson, M, and Parvataneni, K. A randomized controlled trial of supervised versus unsupervised exercise programs for ambulatory stroke survivors. Stroke 37: 476-481, 2006. (Pubitemid 43732009)
44. Ortenblad, N, Lunde, PK, Levin, K, Andersen, JL, and Pedersen, PK. Enhanced sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) release following intermittent sprint training. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 279: R152-R160, 2000. (Pubitemid 30625429)
45. Ouellette, MM, LeBrasseur, NK, Bean, JF, Phillips, E, Stein, J, Frontera, WR, and Fielding, RA. High-intensity resistance training improves muscle strength, self-reported function, and disability in long-term stroke survivors. Stroke 35: 1404-1409, 2004. (Pubitemid 38697466)
46. Patten, C, Lexell, J, and Brown, HE.Weakness and strength training in persons with poststroke hemiplegia: Rationale, method, and efficacy. J Rehabil Res Dev 41: 293-312, 2004. (Pubitemid 39014768)
47. Rosamond, W, Flegal, K, Furie, K, Go, A, Greenlund, K, Haase, N, Hailpern, SM,Ho, M,Howard, V, Kissela, B, Kittner, S, Lloyd-Jones, D, McDermott, M, Meigs, J, Moy, C, Nichol, G, O'Donnell, C, Roger, V, Sorlie, P, Steinberger, J, Thom, T, Wilson, M, and Hong, Y. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2008 update: A report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation 117: e25-e146, 2008.
48. Rutherford, OM and Jones, DA. The role of learning and coordination in strength training. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 55: 100-105, 1986. (Pubitemid 16106262)
49. Ryan, AS, Dobrovolny, CL, Smith, GV, Silver, KH, and Macko, RF. Hemiparetic muscle atrophy and increased intramuscular fat in stroke patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 83: 1703-1707, 2002. (Pubitemid 35424690)
50. Sharp, SA and Brouwer, BJ. Isokinetic strength training of the hemiparetic knee: Effects on function and spasticity. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 78: 1231-1236, 1997. (Pubitemid 27494640)
51. Sinkjaer, T and Magnussen, I. Passive, intrinsic and reflex-mediated stiffness in the ankle extensors of hemiparetic patients. Brain 117: 355-363, 1994. (Pubitemid 24155507)
52. Skelton, DA and Beyer, N. Exercise and injury prevention in older people. Scand J Med Sci Sports 13: 77-85, 2003. (Pubitemid 37463583)
53. Suetta, C, Aagaard, P, Magnusson, SP, Andersen, LL, Sipila, S, Rosted, A, Jakobsen, AK, Duus, B, and Kjaer, M. Muscle size, neuromuscular activation, and rapid force characteristics in elderly men and women: Effects of unilateral long-term disuse due to hiposteoarthritis. J Appl Physiol 102: 942-948, 2007. (Pubitemid 46377016)
54. Sullivan, KJ, Brown, DA, Klassen, T, Mulroy, S, Ge, T, Azen, SP, and Winstein, CJ. Effects of task-specific locomotor and strength training in adults who were ambulatory after stroke: Results of the STEPS randomized clinical trial. Phys Ther 87: 1580-1602, 2007. (Pubitemid 350230746)
55. Teixeira-Salmela, LF, Olney, SJ, Nadeau, S, and Brouwer, B. Muscle strengthening and physical conditioning to reduce impairment and disability in chronic stroke survivors. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 80: 1211-1218, 1999. (Pubitemid 29474606)
56. Tsuji, I and Nakamura, R. Prolonged tension lag time of knee extensor muscle on twitch contraction in patients with spastic hemiparesis. Tohoku J Exp Med 156: 33-37, 1988.
57. van de Port, I, Wood-Dauphinee, S, Lindeman, E, and Kwakkel, G. Effects of exercise training programs on walking competency after stroke: A systematic review. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 86: 935-951, 2007. (Pubitemid 351339392)
58. Weiss, A, Suzuki, T, Bean, J, and Fielding, RA. High intensity strength training improves strength and functional performance after stroke. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 79: 369-376, 2000. (Pubitemid 30441337)
59. Winstein, CJ, Rose, DK, Tan, SM, Lewthwaite, R, Chui, HC, and Azen, SP. A randomized controlled comparison of upperextremity rehabilitation strategies in acute stroke: A pilot study of immediate and long-term outcomes. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 85: 620-628, 2004. (Pubitemid 38881052)
60. Winter, DA. Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1990. pp. 11-50.
61. Wolfe, CD. The impact of stroke. Br Med Bull 56: 275-286, 2000.
62. Yang, YR, Wang, RY, Lin, KH, Chu, MY, and Chan, RC. Taskoriented progressive resistance strength training improves muscle strength and functional performance in individuals with stroke. Clin Rehabil 20: 860-870, 2006.
63. Zorowitz, RD, Gross, E, and Polinski, DM. The stroke survivor. Disabil Rehabil 24: 666-679, 2002. (Pubitemid 35023630)