메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue , 2012, Pages 13-25

A new treatment for focal dystonias: IncobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin®), a botulinum neurotoxin type A free from complexing proteins

Author keywords

Blepharospasm; Botulinum toxin; Cervical dystonia; Complexing proteins; Dystonia; IncobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin )

Indexed keywords

BOTULINUM TOXIN; BOTULINUM TOXIN A; BOTULINUM TOXIN B; HEMAGGLUTININ; HUMAN ALBUMIN; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY; PLACEBO; SUCROSE; SYNAPTOBREVIN; SYNAPTOSOMAL ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 25;

EID: 84856136132     PISSN: 11766328     EISSN: 11782021     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (9)

References (95)
  • 3
    • 50849128824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The basal ganglia and cerebellum interact in the expression of dystonic movement
    • Neychev VK, Fan X, Mitev VI, Hess EJ, Jinna HA. The basal ganglia and cerebellum interact in the expression of dystonic movement. Brain. 2008;131(Pt 9):2499-2509.
    • (2008) Brain , vol.131 , Issue.PART 9 , pp. 2499-2509
    • Neychev, V.K.1    Fan, X.2    Mitev, V.I.3    Hess, E.J.4    Jinna, H.A.5
  • 4
    • 79955480259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural, functional and molecular imaging of the brain in primary focal dystonia-A review
    • Zoons E, Booij J, Nederveen AJ, Dijk JM, Tijssen MA. Structural, functional and molecular imaging of the brain in primary focal dystonia-A review. Neuroimage. 2011;56(3):1011-1020.
    • (2011) Neuroimage , vol.56 , Issue.3 , pp. 1011-1020
    • Zoons, E.1    Booij, J.2    Nederveen, A.J.3    Dijk, J.M.4    Tijssen, M.A.5
  • 6
    • 33744728066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review on the diagnosis and treatment of primary (idiopathic) dystonia and dystonia plus syndromes: Report of an EFNS/MDS-ES Task Force
    • Albanese A, Barnes MP, Bhatia KP, et al. A systematic review on the diagnosis and treatment of primary (idiopathic) dystonia and dystonia plus syndromes: report of an EFNS/MDS-ES Task Force. Eur J Neurol. 2006;13(5):433-444.
    • (2006) Eur J Neurol , vol.13 , Issue.5 , pp. 433-444
    • Albanese, A.1    Barnes, M.P.2    Bhatia, K.P.3
  • 8
    • 0031602685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of the primary dystonias in the north of England
    • Duffey PO, Butler AG, Hawthorne MT, Barnes MP. The epidemiology of the primary dystonias in the north of England. Adv Neurol. 1998;78:121-125.
    • (1998) Adv Neurol , vol.78 , pp. 121-125
    • Duffey, P.O.1    Butler, A.G.2    Hawthorne, M.T.3    Barnes, M.P.4
  • 9
    • 0028950638 scopus 로고
    • Spread of symptoms in idiopathic torsion dystonia
    • Greene P, Kang UJ, Fahn S. Spread of symptoms in idiopathic torsion dystonia. Mov Disord. 1995;10(2):143-152.
    • (1995) Mov Disord , vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp. 143-152
    • Greene, P.1    Kang, U.J.2    Fahn, S.3
  • 10
    • 0033745810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prevalence study of primary dystonia in eight European countries
    • Epidemiological Study of Dystonia in Europe (ESDE) Collaborative Group
    • Epidemiological Study of Dystonia in Europe (ESDE) Collaborative Group. A prevalence study of primary dystonia in eight European countries. J Neurol. 2000;247(10):787-792.
    • (2000) J Neurol , vol.247 , Issue.10 , pp. 787-792
  • 11
    • 67649214801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of primary focal or segmental dystonia in adults in the district of Foggia, southern Italy: A service-based study
    • Papantonio AM, Beghi E, Fogli D, et al. Prevalence of primary focal or segmental dystonia in adults in the district of Foggia, southern Italy: a service-based study. Neuroepidemiology. 2009;33(2):117-123.
    • (2009) Neuroepidemiology , vol.33 , Issue.2 , pp. 117-123
    • Papantonio, A.M.1    Beghi, E.2    Fogli, D.3
  • 12
    • 0242288089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of primary dystonias in Japan: Comparison with Western countries
    • Matsumoto S, Nishimura M, Shibassaki H, Kaji R. Epidemiology of primary dystonias in Japan: comparison with Western countries. Mov Disord. 2003;18(10):1196-1198.
    • (2003) Mov Disord , vol.18 , Issue.10 , pp. 1196-1198
    • Matsumoto, S.1    Nishimura, M.2    Shibassaki, H.3    Kaji, R.4
  • 13
    • 33746882770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of dystonia in Akita Prefecture in Northern Japan
    • Sugawara M, Watanabe S, Toyoshima I. Prevalence of dystonia in Akita Prefecture in Northern Japan. Mov Disord. 2006;21(7):1047-1049.
    • (2006) Mov Disord , vol.21 , Issue.7 , pp. 1047-1049
    • Sugawara, M.1    Watanabe, S.2    Toyoshima, I.3
  • 14
    • 33845212875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of primary blepharospasm in Sardinia, Italy: A service-based survey
    • Cossu G, Mereu A, Deriu M, et al. Prevalence of primary blepharospasm in Sardinia, Italy: a service-based survey. Mov Disord. 2006;21(11):2005-2008.
    • (2006) Mov Disord , vol.21 , Issue.11 , pp. 2005-2008
    • Cossu, G.1    Mereu, A.2    Deriu, M.3
  • 15
    • 0025892064 scopus 로고
    • Idiopathic cervical dystonia: Clinical characteristics
    • Chan J, Brin MF, Fahn S. Idiopathic cervical dystonia: clinical characteristics. Mov Disord. 1991;6(2):119-126.
    • (1991) Mov Disord , vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp. 119-126
    • Chan, J.1    Brin, M.F.2    Fahn, S.3
  • 16
    • 0031955695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current concepts on the clinical features, aetiology and management of idiopathic cervical dystonia
    • Dauer WT, Burke RE, Greene P, Fahn S. Current concepts on the clinical features, aetiology and management of idiopathic cervical dystonia. Brain. 1998;121(Pt 4):547-560.
    • (1998) Brain , vol.121 , Issue.PART 4 , pp. 547-560
    • Dauer, W.T.1    Burke, R.E.2    Greene, P.3    Fahn, S.4
  • 17
    • 67651090102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between various clinical outcome assessments in patients with blepharospasm
    • Jankovic J, Kenney C, Grafe S, Goertelmeyer R, Comes G. Relationship between various clinical outcome assessments in patients with blepharospasm. Mov Disord. 2009;24(3):407-413.
    • (2009) Mov Disord , vol.24 , Issue.3 , pp. 407-413
    • Jankovic, J.1    Kenney, C.2    Grafe, S.3    Goertelmeyer, R.4    Comes, G.5
  • 18
    • 18444379339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of blepharospasm and cervical dystonia on health-related quality of life and depression
    • Austrian Botulinum Toxin and Dystonia Study Group
    • Müller J, Kemmler G, Wissel J, et al; Austrian Botulinum Toxin and Dystonia Study Group. The impact of blepharospasm and cervical dystonia on health-related quality of life and depression. J Neurol. 2002;249(7):842-846.
    • (2002) J Neurol , vol.249 , Issue.7 , pp. 842-846
    • Müller, J.1    Kemmler, G.2    Wissel, J.3
  • 19
    • 34347273070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health related quality of life in patients with dystonia and their caregivers in New Zealand and Australia
    • Lim VK. Health related quality of life in patients with dystonia and their caregivers in New Zealand and Australia. Mov Disord. 2007;22(7):998-1103.
    • (2007) Mov Disord , vol.22 , Issue.7 , pp. 998-1103
    • Lim, V.K.1
  • 20
    • 0025948398 scopus 로고
    • Cervical dystonia: Clinical findings and associated movement disorders
    • Jankovic J, Leder S, Warner D, Schwartz K. Cervical dystonia: clinical findings and associated movement disorders. Neurology. 1991;41(7):1088-1091.
    • (1991) Neurology , vol.41 , Issue.7 , pp. 1088-1091
    • Jankovic, J.1    Leder, S.2    Warner, D.3    Schwartz, K.4
  • 22
    • 0020438617 scopus 로고
    • Blinking and blepharospasm. Mechanism, diagnosis, and management
    • Jankovic J, Havins WE, Wilkins RB. Blinking and blepharospasm. Mechanism, diagnosis, and management. JAMA. 1982;248(23):3160-3164.
    • (1982) JAMA , vol.248 , Issue.23 , pp. 3160-3164
    • Jankovic, J.1    Havins, W.E.2    Wilkins, R.B.3
  • 23
    • 77949504577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The phenomenology of the geste antagoniste in primary blepharospasm and cervical dystonia
    • Martino D, Liuzzi D, Macerollo A, Aniello MS, Livrea P, Defazio G. The phenomenology of the geste antagoniste in primary blepharospasm and cervical dystonia. Mov Disord. 2010;25(4):407-412.
    • (2010) Mov Disord , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 407-412
    • Martino, D.1    Liuzzi, D.2    McErollo, A.3    Aniello, M.S.4    Livrea, P.5    Defazio, G.6
  • 24
    • 7044272333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age at onset as a factor in determining the phenotype of primary torsion dystonia
    • O'Riordan S, Raymond D, Lynch T, et al. Age at onset as a factor in determining the phenotype of primary torsion dystonia. Neurology. 2004;63(8):1423-1426.
    • (2004) Neurology , vol.63 , Issue.8 , pp. 1423-1426
    • O'Riordan, S.1    Raymond, D.2    Lynch, T.3
  • 25
    • 34249653516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do primary adult-onset focal dystonias share aetiological factors?
    • Defazio G, Berardelli A, Hallett M. Do primary adult-onset focal dystonias share aetiological factors? Brain. 2007;130(Pt 5):1183-1193.
    • (2007) Brain , vol.130 , Issue.PART 5 , pp. 1183-1193
    • Defazio, G.1    Berardelli, A.2    Hallett, M.3
  • 27
    • 33748371229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative risk of spread of symptoms among the focal onset primary dystonias
    • Weiss EM, Hershey T, Karimi M, et al. Relative risk of spread of symptoms among the focal onset primary dystonias. Mov Disord. 2006;21(8):1175-1181.
    • (2006) Mov Disord , vol.21 , Issue.8 , pp. 1175-1181
    • Weiss, E.M.1    Hershey, T.2    Karimi, M.3
  • 28
    • 0028150811 scopus 로고
    • Dopamine D2 receptor imaging with iodine-123-iodobenzamide SPECT in idiopathic rotational torticollis
    • Hierholzer J, Cordes M, Schelosky L, et al. Dopamine D2 receptor imaging with iodine-123-iodobenzamide SPECT in idiopathic rotational torticollis. J Nucl Med. 1994;35(12):1921-1927.
    • (1994) J Nucl Med , vol.35 , Issue.12 , pp. 1921-1927
    • Hierholzer, J.1    Cordes, M.2    Schelosky, L.3
  • 29
    • 0030611559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased [18F] spiperone binding in putamen in idiopathic focal dystonia
    • Perlmutter JS, Stambuk MK, Markham J, et al. Decreased [18F] spiperone binding in putamen in idiopathic focal dystonia. J Neurosci. 1997;17(2):843-850.
    • (1997) J Neurosci , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 843-850
    • Perlmutter, J.S.1    Stambuk, M.K.2    Markham, J.3
  • 30
    • 0031905651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging the pre-and postsynaptic side of striatal dopaminergic synapses in idiopathic cervical dystonia: A SPECT study using [123I] epidepride and [123I] beta-CIT
    • Naumann M, Pirker W, Reiners K, Lange KW, Becker G, Brücke T. Imaging the pre-and postsynaptic side of striatal dopaminergic synapses in idiopathic cervical dystonia: a SPECT study using [123I] epidepride and [123I] beta-CIT. Mov Disord. 1998;13(2):319-323.
    • (1998) Mov Disord , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 319-323
    • Naumann, M.1    Pirker, W.2    Reiners, K.3    Lange, K.W.4    Becker, G.5    Brücke, T.6
  • 31
    • 79951486473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased striatal dopamine receptor binding in primary focal dystonia: A D2 or D3 defect?
    • Karimi M, Moerlein SM, Videen TO, et al. Decreased striatal dopamine receptor binding in primary focal dystonia: a D2 or D3 defect? Mov Disord. 2011;26(1):100-106.
    • (2011) Mov Disord , vol.26 , Issue.1 , pp. 100-106
    • Karimi, M.1    Moerlein, S.M.2    Videen, T.O.3
  • 32
    • 0027440967 scopus 로고
    • Blink reflex and the masseter inhibitory reflex in patients with dystonia
    • Pauletti G, Berardelli A, Cruccu G, Agostino R, Manfredi M. Blink reflex and the masseter inhibitory reflex in patients with dystonia. Mov Disord. 1993;8(4):495-500.
    • (1993) Mov Disord , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 495-500
    • Pauletti, G.1    Berardelli, A.2    Cruccu, G.3    Agostino, R.4    Manfredi, M.5
  • 33
    • 0023779162 scopus 로고
    • Blink reflex studies in focal dystonias: Enhanced excitability of brainstem interneurons in cranial dystonia and spasmodic torticollis
    • Tolosa E, Montserrat L, Bayes A. Blink reflex studies in focal dystonias: enhanced excitability of brainstem interneurons in cranial dystonia and spasmodic torticollis. Mov Disord. 1988;3(1):61-69.
    • (1988) Mov Disord , vol.3 , Issue.1 , pp. 61-69
    • Tolosa, E.1    Montserrat, L.2    Bayes, A.3
  • 34
    • 0021801370 scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia
    • Berardelli A, Rothwell JC, Day BL, Marsden CD. Pathophysiology of blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia. Brain. 1985;108(Pt 3):593-608.
    • (1985) Brain , vol.108 , Issue.PART 3 , pp. 593-608
    • Berardelli, A.1    Rothwell, J.C.2    Day, B.L.3    Marsden, C.D.4
  • 36
    • 0242273114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormalities of spatial discrimination in focal and generalized dystonia
    • Molloy FM, Carr TD, Zeuner KE, Dambrosia JM, Hallett M. Abnormalities of spatial discrimination in focal and generalized dystonia. Brain. 2003;126(Pt 10):2175-2182.
    • (2003) Brain , vol.126 , Issue.PART 10 , pp. 2175-2182
    • Molloy, F.M.1    Carr, T.D.2    Zeuner, K.E.3    Dambrosia, J.M.4    Hallett, M.5
  • 37
    • 34447561555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphometric changes of sensorimotor structures in focal dystonia
    • Obermann M, Yaldizli O, De Greiff A, et al. Morphometric changes of sensorimotor structures in focal dystonia. Mov Disord. 2007;22(8):1117-1123.
    • (2007) Mov Disord , vol.22 , Issue.8 , pp. 1117-1123
    • Obermann, M.1    Yaldizli, O.2    de Greiff, A.3
  • 38
    • 78650149431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EFNS guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of primary dystonias
    • Albanese A, Asmus F, Bhatia KP, et al. EFNS guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of primary dystonias. Eur J Neurol. 2011;18(1):5-18.
    • (2011) Eur J Neurol , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 5-18
    • Albanese, A.1    Asmus, F.2    Bhatia, K.P.3
  • 39
    • 43149083728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment: Botulinum neurotoxin for the treatment of movement disorders (an evidence-based review): Report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology
    • Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology
    • Simpson DM, Blitzer A, Brashear A, et al; Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Assessment: botulinum neurotoxin for the treatment of movement disorders (an evidence-based review): report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2008;70(19):1699-1706.
    • (2008) Neurology , vol.70 , Issue.19 , pp. 1699-1706
    • Simpson, D.M.1    Blitzer, A.2    Brashear, A.3
  • 40
    • 3042747490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin in clinical practice
    • Jankovic J. Botulinum toxin in clinical practice. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004;75(7):951-957.
    • (2004) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.75 , Issue.7 , pp. 951-957
    • Jankovic, J.1
  • 42
    • 78650917928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Terminology for preparations of botulinum toxins: What a difference a name makes
    • Albanese A. Terminology for preparations of botulinum toxins: what a difference a name makes. JAMA. 2011;305(1):89-90.
    • (2011) JAMA , vol.305 , Issue.1 , pp. 89-90
    • Albanese, A.1
  • 43
    • 34447294288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing two botulinum toxin type A formulations using manufacturers' product summaries
    • Wenzel R, Jones D, Borrego JA. Comparing two botulinum toxin type A formulations using manufacturers' product summaries. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2007;32(4):387-402.
    • (2007) J Clin Pharm Ther , vol.32 , Issue.4 , pp. 387-402
    • Wenzel, R.1    Jones, D.2    Borrego, J.A.3
  • 44
    • 27644442316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of botulinum toxin serotypes A and B for the treatment of cervical dystonia
    • Dystonia Study Group
    • Comella C, Jankovic J, Shannon KM, et al; Dystonia Study Group. Comparison of botulinum toxin serotypes A and B for the treatment of cervical dystonia. Neurology. 2005;65(9):1423-1429.
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.65 , Issue.9 , pp. 1423-1429
    • Comella, C.1    Jankovic, J.2    Shannon, K.M.3
  • 45
    • 47549117426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin type B vs type A in toxinnaïve patients with cervical dystonia: Randomized, double-blind, noninferiority trial
    • Myobloc/Neurobloc European Cervical Dystonia Study Group
    • Pappert EJ, Germanson T; Myobloc/Neurobloc European Cervical Dystonia Study Group. Botulinum toxin type B vs type A in toxinnaïve patients with cervical dystonia: randomized, double-blind, noninferiority trial. Mov Disord. 2008;23(4):510-517.
    • (2008) Mov Disord , vol.23 , Issue.4 , pp. 510-517
    • Pappert, E.J.1    Germanson, T.2
  • 46
    • 68849087179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of focal dystonias with botulinum neurotoxin
    • Hallett M, Benecke R, Blitzer A, Comella CL. Treatment of focal dystonias with botulinum neurotoxin. Toxicon. 2009;54(5):628-633.
    • (2009) Toxicon , vol.54 , Issue.5 , pp. 628-633
    • Hallett, M.1    Benecke, R.2    Blitzer, A.3    Comella, C.L.4
  • 47
    • 0030725728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DYSBOT: A single-blind, randomized parallel study to determine whether any differences can be detected in the efficacy and tolerability of two formulations of botulinum toxin type A-Dysport and Botox-assuming a ratio of 4:1
    • Sampaio C, Ferreira JJ, Simões F, et al. DYSBOT: a single-blind, randomized parallel study to determine whether any differences can be detected in the efficacy and tolerability of two formulations of botulinum toxin type A-Dysport and Botox-assuming a ratio of 4:1. Mov Disord. 1997;12(6):1013-1018.
    • (1997) Mov Disord , vol.12 , Issue.6 , pp. 1013-1018
    • Sampaio, C.1    Ferreira, J.J.2    Simões, F.3
  • 48
    • 6844239534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A double-blind, randomised, parallel group study to investigate the dose equivalence of Dysport® and Botox® in the treatment of cervical dystonia
    • Odergren T, Hjaltason H, Kaakkola S, et al. A double-blind, randomised, parallel group study to investigate the dose equivalence of Dysport® and Botox® in the treatment of cervical dystonia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1998;64(1):6-12.
    • (1998) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.64 , Issue.1 , pp. 6-12
    • Odergren, T.1    Hjaltason, H.2    Kaakkola, S.3
  • 49
    • 0036220846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Respective potencies of Botox and Dysport: A double-blind, randomised, crossover study in cervical dystonia
    • Ranoux D, Gury C, Fondarai J, Mas JL, Zuber M. Respective potencies of Botox and Dysport: a double-blind, randomised, crossover study in cervical dystonia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2002;72(4):459-462.
    • (2002) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.72 , Issue.4 , pp. 459-462
    • Ranoux, D.1    Gury, C.2    Fondarai, J.3    Mas, J.L.4    Zuber, M.5
  • 50
    • 0030794264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of two botulinum-toxin preparations in the treatment of essential blepharospasm
    • Nüssgens Z, Roggenkämper P. Comparison of two botulinum-toxin preparations in the treatment of essential blepharospasm. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1997;235(4):197-199.
    • (1997) Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol , vol.235 , Issue.4 , pp. 197-199
    • Nüssgens, Z.1    Roggenkämper, P.2
  • 51
    • 20444374407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new botulinum toxin type A free of complexing proteins for treatment of cervical dystonia
    • Benecke R, Jost WH, Kanovsky P, Ruzicka E, Comes G, Grafe S. A new botulinum toxin type A free of complexing proteins for treatment of cervical dystonia. Neurology. 2005;64(11):1949-1951.
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.64 , Issue.11 , pp. 1949-1951
    • Benecke, R.1    Jost, W.H.2    Kanovsky, P.3    Ruzicka, E.4    Comes, G.5    Grafe, S.6
  • 52
    • 0037426445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of efficacy and immunogenicity of original versus current botulinum toxin in cervical dystonia
    • Jankovic J, Vuong KD, Ahsan J. Comparison of efficacy and immunogenicity of original versus current botulinum toxin in cervical dystonia. Neurology. 2003;60(7):1186-1188.
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.60 , Issue.7 , pp. 1186-1188
    • Jankovic, J.1    Vuong, K.D.2    Ahsan, J.3
  • 53
    • 33645107639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunological aspects of Botox®, Dysport® and Myobloc™/Neurobloc®
    • Dressler D, Hallett M. Immunological aspects of Botox®, Dysport® and Myobloc™/Neurobloc®. Eur J Neurol. 2006;13 Suppl 1:11-15.
    • (2006) Eur J Neurol , vol.13 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 11-15
    • Dressler, D.1    Hallett, M.2
  • 54
    • 23944454472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin type B de novo therapy of cervical dystonia: Frequency of antibody induced therapy failure
    • Dressler D, Bigalke H. Botulinum toxin type B de novo therapy of cervical dystonia: frequency of antibody induced therapy failure. J Neurol. 2005;252(8):904-907.
    • (2005) J Neurol , vol.252 , Issue.8 , pp. 904-907
    • Dressler, D.1    Bigalke, H.2
  • 55
    • 52649113805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term treatment with botulinum toxin type A in cervical dystonia has low immunogenicity by mouse protection assay
    • CD-017 BoNTA Study Group
    • Brin MF, Comella CL, Jankovic J, Lai F, Naumann M; CD-017 BoNTA Study Group. Long-term treatment with botulinum toxin type A in cervical dystonia has low immunogenicity by mouse protection assay. Mov Disord. 2008;23(10):1353-1360.
    • (2008) Mov Disord , vol.23 , Issue.10 , pp. 1353-1360
    • Brin, M.F.1    Comella, C.L.2    Jankovic, J.3    Lai, F.4    Naumann, M.5
  • 56
    • 0042381872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin type B in antibody-induced botulinum toxin type A therapy failure
    • Dressler D, Bigalke H, Benecke R. Botulinum toxin type B in antibody-induced botulinum toxin type A therapy failure. J Neurol. 2003;250(8):967-969.
    • (2003) J Neurol , vol.250 , Issue.8 , pp. 967-969
    • Dressler, D.1    Bigalke, H.2    Benecke, R.3
  • 57
    • 79958808497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complexing proteins in botulinum toxin type A drugs: A help or a hindrance?
    • Frevert J, Dressler D. Complexing proteins in botulinum toxin type A drugs: a help or a hindrance? Biologics. 2010;4:325-332.
    • (2010) Biologics , vol.4 , pp. 325-332
    • Frevert, J.1    Dressler, D.2
  • 58
    • 0028283313 scopus 로고
    • Organization of the botulinum neurotoxin C1 gene and its associated non-toxic protein genes in Clostridium botulinum C 468
    • Hauser D, Eklund MW, Boquet P, Popoff MR. Organization of the botulinum neurotoxin C1 gene and its associated non-toxic protein genes in Clostridium botulinum C 468. Mol Gen Genet. 1994;243(6):631-640.
    • (1994) Mol Gen Genet , vol.243 , Issue.6 , pp. 631-640
    • Hauser, D.1    Eklund, M.W.2    Boquet, P.3    Popoff, M.R.4
  • 59
    • 0029080131 scopus 로고
    • Molecular genetics of clostridial neurotoxins
    • Minton NP. Molecular genetics of clostridial neurotoxins. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1995;195:161-194.
    • (1995) Curr Top Microbiol Immunol , vol.195 , pp. 161-194
    • Minton, N.P.1
  • 60
    • 0017579106 scopus 로고
    • Oral toxicities of Clostridium botulinum toxins in response to molecular size
    • Ohishi I, Sugii S, Sakaguchi G. Oral toxicities of Clostridium botulinum toxins in response to molecular size. Infect Immun. 1977;16(1):107-109.
    • (1977) Infect Immun , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 107-109
    • Ohishi, I.1    Sugii, S.2    Sakaguchi, G.3
  • 61
    • 0018861922 scopus 로고
    • Oral toxicities of Clostridium botulinum type C and D toxins of different molecular sizes
    • Ohishi I, Sakaguchi G. Oral toxicities of Clostridium botulinum type C and D toxins of different molecular sizes. Infect Immun. 1980;28(2):303-309.
    • (1980) Infect Immun , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 303-309
    • Ohishi, I.1    Sakaguchi, G.2
  • 62
    • 33750977861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using translational medicine to understand clinical differences between botulinum toxin formulations
    • Aoki KR, Ranoux D, Wissel J. Using translational medicine to understand clinical differences between botulinum toxin formulations. Eur J Neurol. 2006;13 Suppl 4:10-19.
    • (2006) Eur J Neurol , vol.13 , Issue.SUPPL. 4 , pp. 10-19
    • Aoki, K.R.1    Ranoux, D.2    Wissel, J.3
  • 63
    • 20444479445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemagglutinin-33 of type A botulinum neurotoxin complex binds with synaptotagmin II
    • Zhou Y, Foss S, Lindo P, Sarkar H, Singh BR. Hemagglutinin-33 of type A botulinum neurotoxin complex binds with synaptotagmin II. FEBS J. 2005;272(11):2717-2726.
    • (2005) FEBS J , vol.272 , Issue.11 , pp. 2717-2726
    • Zhou, Y.1    Foss, S.2    Lindo, P.3    Sarkar, H.4    Singh, B.R.5
  • 64
    • 79952364126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies on the dissociation of botulinum toxin type A complexes
    • Eisele KH, Fink K, Vey M, Taylor HV. Studies on the dissociation of botulinum toxin type A complexes. Toxicon. 2011;57(4):555-565.
    • (2011) Toxicon , vol.57 , Issue.4 , pp. 555-565
    • Eisele, K.H.1    Fink, K.2    Vey, M.3    Taylor, H.V.4
  • 65
    • 68849115452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Xeomin is free from complexing proteins
    • Frevert J. Xeomin is free from complexing proteins. Toxicon. 2009;54(5):697-701.
    • (2009) Toxicon , vol.54 , Issue.5 , pp. 697-701
    • Frevert, J.1
  • 66
    • 68849132535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biochemical, functional and potency characteristics of type A botulinum toxin in clinical use
    • Panjwani N, O'Keefe R, Pickett A. Biochemical, functional and potency characteristics of type A botulinum toxin in clinical use. Botulinum J. 2008;1(1):153-166.
    • (2008) Botulinum J , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 153-166
    • Panjwani, N.1    O'Keefe, R.2    Pickett, A.3
  • 67
    • 0031913160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the spread of three formulations of botulinum neurotoxin A as determined by effects on muscle function
    • Dodd SL, Rowell BA, Vrabas IS, Arrowsmith RJ, Weatherill PJ. A comparison of the spread of three formulations of botulinum neurotoxin A as determined by effects on muscle function. Eur J Neurol. 1998;5(2):181-186.
    • (1998) Eur J Neurol , vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp. 181-186
    • Dodd, S.L.1    Rowell, B.A.2    Vrabas, I.S.3    Arrowsmith, R.J.4    Weatherill, P.J.5
  • 68
    • 34147222256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurophysiological double-blind trial of a botulinum neurotoxin type A free of complexing proteins
    • Wohlfarth K, Müller C, Sassin I, Comes G, Grafe S. Neurophysiological double-blind trial of a botulinum neurotoxin type A free of complexing proteins. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2007;30(2):86-94.
    • (2007) Clin Neuropharmacol , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 86-94
    • Wohlfarth, K.1    Müller, C.2    Sassin, I.3    Comes, G.4    Grafe, S.5
  • 69
    • 62649097660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunological characterization of the subunits of type A botulinum neurotoxin and different components of its associated proteins
    • Kukreja R, Chang TW, Cal S, et al. Immunological characterization of the subunits of type A botulinum neurotoxin and different components of its associated proteins. Toxicon. 2009;53(6):616-624.
    • (2009) Toxicon , vol.53 , Issue.6 , pp. 616-624
    • Kukreja, R.1    Chang, T.W.2    Cal, S.3
  • 70
    • 0030052207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunological characterization of type A botulinum neurotoxin in its purified and complexed forms
    • Singh BR, Lopez T, Silvia MA. Immunological characterization of type A botulinum neurotoxin in its purified and complexed forms. Toxicon. 1996;34(2):267-275.
    • (1996) Toxicon , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 267-275
    • Singh, B.R.1    Lopez, T.2    Silvia, M.A.3
  • 71
    • 0033695937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunological properties of Hn-33 purified from type A Clostridium botulinum
    • Sharma SK, Singh BR. Immunological properties of Hn-33 purified from type A Clostridium botulinum. J Nat Toxins. 2000;9(4):357-362.
    • (2000) J Nat Toxins , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 357-362
    • Sharma, S.K.1    Singh, B.R.2
  • 72
    • 68949187960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neutralizing antibodies and secondary therapy failure after treatment with botulinum toxin type A: Much ado about nothing?
    • Lange O, Bigalke H, Dengler R, Wegner F, deGroot M, Wohlfarth K. Neutralizing antibodies and secondary therapy failure after treatment with botulinum toxin type A: much ado about nothing? Clin Neuropharmacol. 2009;32(4):213-218.
    • (2009) Clin Neuropharmacol , vol.32 , Issue.4 , pp. 213-218
    • Lange, O.1    Bigalke, H.2    Dengler, R.3    Wegner, F.4    deGroot, M.5    Wohlfarth, K.6
  • 73
    • 60349128880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Xeomin (incobotulinumtoxinA), Available from:, Accessed May 2, 2011
    • Xeomin (incobotulinumtoxinA). Prescribing information. 2010. Available from: http://www.xeomin.com/files/Xeomin_PI.pdf. Accessed May 2, 2011.
    • (2010) Prescribing information
  • 74
    • 36549049448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacology of therapeutic botulinum toxin preparations
    • Dressler D, Benecke R. Pharmacology of therapeutic botulinum toxin preparations. Disabil Rehabil. 2007;29(23):1761-1768.
    • (2007) Disabil Rehabil , vol.29 , Issue.23 , pp. 1761-1768
    • Dressler, D.1    Benecke, R.2
  • 75
    • 0027976367 scopus 로고
    • Histologic assessment of dose-related diffusion and muscle fiber response after therapeutic botulinum A toxin injection
    • Borodic GE, Ferrante R, Pearce LB, Smith K. Histologic assessment of dose-related diffusion and muscle fiber response after therapeutic botulinum A toxin injection. Mov Disord. 1994;9(1):31-39.
    • (1994) Mov Disord , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 31-39
    • Borodic, G.E.1    Ferrante, R.2    Pearce, L.B.3    Smith, K.4
  • 76
    • 6844266275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is the optimal dose of botulinum toxin A in the treatment of cervical dystonia? Results of a double blind, placebo controlled, dose ranging study using Dysport®
    • German Dystonia Study Group
    • Poewe W, Deuschl G, Nebe A, et al; German Dystonia Study Group. What is the optimal dose of botulinum toxin A in the treatment of cervical dystonia? Results of a double blind, placebo controlled, dose ranging study using Dysport®. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1998;64(1):13-17.
    • (1998) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.64 , Issue.1 , pp. 13-17
    • Poewe, W.1    Deuschl, G.2    Nebe, A.3
  • 77
    • 0032718516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of NeuroBloc (botulinum toxin type B) in type A-responsive cervical dystonia
    • Brashear A, Lew MF, Dykstra DD, et al. Safety and efficacy of NeuroBloc (botulinum toxin type B) in type A-responsive cervical dystonia. Neurology. 1999;53(7):1439-1446.
    • (1999) Neurology , vol.53 , Issue.7 , pp. 1439-1446
    • Brashear, A.1    Lew, M.F.2    Dykstra, D.D.3
  • 78
    • 3242703886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ICH Q1A(R2) Guideline, Available from:, Accessed Nov 3, 2011
    • ICH Q1A(R2) Guideline. Stability testing of new drug substances and products. 2003. Available from: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/ regulatoryinformation/guidances/ucm128204.pdf. Accessed Nov 3, 2011.
    • (2003) Stability testing of new drug substances and products
  • 79
    • 84856203102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complexing proteins are not required for stability of Botulinum neurotoxin type A preparations
    • Poster presented at:, November 4-7, Seattle, WA. Poster P106
    • Grein S, Fink K. Complexing proteins are not required for stability of Botulinum neurotoxin type A preparations. Poster presented at: 71st Annual Assembly of the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (AAPM&R); November 4-7, 2010; Seattle, WA. Poster P106.
    • (2010) 71st Annual Assembly of the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (AAPM&R)
    • Grein, S.1    Fink, K.2
  • 80
    • 34047207959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum neurotoxin type A free of complexing proteins (XEOMIN®) in focal dystonia
    • Jost WH, Blümel J, Grafe S. Botulinum neurotoxin type A free of complexing proteins (XEOMIN®) in focal dystonia. Drugs. 2007;67(5):669-683.
    • (2007) Drugs , vol.67 , Issue.5 , pp. 669-683
    • Jost, W.H.1    Blümel, J.2    Grafe, S.3
  • 81
    • 20944432519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and tolerability of a botulinum toxin type A free of complexing proteins (NT 201) compared with commercially available botulinum toxin type A (Botox®) in healthy volunteers
    • Jost WH, Kohl A, Brinkmann S, Comes G. Efficacy and tolerability of a botulinum toxin type A free of complexing proteins (NT 201) compared with commercially available botulinum toxin type A (Botox®) in healthy volunteers. J Neural Transm. 2005;112(7):905-913.
    • (2005) J Neural Transm , vol.112 , Issue.7 , pp. 905-913
    • Jost, W.H.1    Kohl, A.2    Brinkmann, S.3    Comes, G.4
  • 82
    • 72849122479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Xeomin in the treatment of cervical dystonia
    • Benecke R. Xeomin in the treatment of cervical dystonia. Eur J Neurol. 2009;16 Suppl 2:S6-S10.
    • (2009) Eur J Neurol , vol.16 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Benecke, R.1
  • 83
    • 0000170999 scopus 로고
    • Clinical assessments of patients with cervical dystonia
    • In: Jankovic J, Hallett M, editors, New York, NY: Marcel Dekker
    • Consky ES, Lang AE. Clinical assessments of patients with cervical dystonia. In: Jankovic J, Hallett M, editors. Therapy with Botulinum Toxin. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker; 1994:211-237.
    • (1994) Therapy with Botulinum Toxin , pp. 211-237
    • Consky, E.S.1    Lang, A.E.2
  • 84
    • 80051579448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of incobotulinumtoxinA (NT 201, XEOMIN®, botulinum neurotoxin type A, without accessory proteins) in patients with cervical dystonia
    • on behalf of the US XEOMIN Cervical Dystonia Study Group
    • Comella CL, Jankovic J, Truong DD, Hanschmann A, Grafe S; on behalf of the US XEOMIN Cervical Dystonia Study Group. Efficacy and safety of incobotulinumtoxinA (NT 201, XEOMIN®, botulinum neurotoxin type A, without accessory proteins) in patients with cervical dystonia. J Neurol Sci. 2011;308(1-2):103-109.
    • (2011) J Neurol Sci , vol.308 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 103-109
    • Comella, C.L.1    Jankovic, J.2    Truong, D.D.3    Hanschmann, A.4    Grafe, S.5
  • 85
    • 60349128880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botox (onabotulinumtoxinA), Available from:, Accessed May 2, 2011
    • Botox (onabotulinumtoxinA). Prescribing information. 2010. Available from: http://www.allergan.com/assets/pdf/botox_pi.pdf. Accessed May 2, 2011.
    • (2010) Prescribing information
  • 86
    • 84856203101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of NT 201 (botulinum neurotoxin type A free from complexing proteins) in treatment-naïve cervical dystonia patients [abstract]
    • Tu-401
    • Grafe S, Comella C, Jankovic J, Truong D, Hanschmann A. Efficacy and safety of NT 201 (botulinum neurotoxin type A free from complexing proteins) in treatment-naïve cervical dystonia patients [abstract]. Mov Disord. 2009;24(Suppl 1):S92-S93:Tu-401.
    • (2009) Mov Disord , vol.24 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Grafe, S.1    Comella, C.2    Jankovic, J.3    Truong, D.4    Hanschmann, A.5
  • 87
    • 84856203101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of NT 201 (botulinum neurotoxin type A free from complexing proteins) in pre-treated cervical dystonia patients [abstract]
    • Tu-400
    • Grafe S, Comella C, Jankovic J, Truong D, Hanschmann A. Efficacy and safety of NT 201 (botulinum neurotoxin type A free from complexing proteins) in pre-treated cervical dystonia patients [abstract]. Mov Disord. 2009;24(Suppl 1):S92:Tu-400.
    • (2009) Mov Disord , vol.24 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Grafe, S.1    Comella, C.2    Jankovic, J.3    Truong, D.4    Hanschmann, A.5
  • 88
    • 84856187944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of repeated NT 201 (botulinum neurotoxin type A free from complexing proteins) injections of patients with cervical dystonia: A first long-term safety analysis [abstract]
    • P01.270
    • Grafe S, Hanschmann A. Safety and efficacy of repeated NT 201 (botulinum neurotoxin type A free from complexing proteins) injections of patients with cervical dystonia: a first long-term safety analysis [abstract]. Neurology. 2010;74(9 Suppl 2):A88:P01.270.
    • (2010) Neurology , vol.74 , Issue.9 SUPPL. 2
    • Grafe, S.1    Hanschmann, A.2
  • 89
    • 32044437587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of a new Botulinum Toxin Type A free of complexing proteins in the treatment of blepharospasm
    • NT 201 Blepharospasm Study Team
    • Roggenkämper P, Jost WH, Bihari K, Comes G, Grafe S; NT 201 Blepharospasm Study Team. Efficacy and safety of a new Botulinum Toxin Type A free of complexing proteins in the treatment of blepharospasm. J Neural Transm. 2006;113(3):303-312.
    • (2006) J Neural Transm , vol.113 , Issue.3 , pp. 303-312
    • Roggenkämper, P.1    Jost, W.H.2    Bihari, K.3    Comes, G.4    Grafe, S.5
  • 90
    • 18844466061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of spasticity associated pain with botulinum toxin A
    • Wissel J, Müller J, Dressnandt J, et al. Management of spasticity associated pain with botulinum toxin A. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2000;20(1):44-49.
    • (2000) J Pain Symptom Manage , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 44-49
    • Wissel, J.1    Müller, J.2    Dressnandt, J.3
  • 91
    • 0016970988 scopus 로고
    • The global assessment scale. A procedure for measuring overall severity of psychiatric disturbance
    • Endicott J, Spitzer RL, Fleiss JL, Cohen J. The global assessment scale. A procedure for measuring overall severity of psychiatric disturbance. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1976;33(6):766-771.
    • (1976) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.33 , Issue.6 , pp. 766-771
    • Endicott, J.1    Spitzer, R.L.2    Fleiss, J.L.3    Cohen, J.4
  • 92
    • 79955938957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double-blind, randomised, parallel group pilot study comparing two botulinum toxin type A products for the treatment of blepharospasm
    • Wabbels B, Reichel G, Fulford-Smith A, Wright N, Roggenkämper P. Double-blind, randomised, parallel group pilot study comparing two botulinum toxin type A products for the treatment of blepharospasm. J Neural Transm. 2011;118(2):233-239.
    • (2011) J Neural Transm , vol.118 , Issue.2 , pp. 233-239
    • Wabbels, B.1    Reichel, G.2    Fulford-Smith, A.3    Wright, N.4    Roggenkämper, P.5
  • 93
    • 79960613148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of incobotulinumtoxinA (NT 201, Xeomin) in the treatment of blepharospasm-A randomized trial
    • Jankovic J, Comella C, Hanschmann A, Grafe S. Efficacy and safety of incobotulinumtoxinA (NT 201, Xeomin) in the treatment of blepharospasm-A randomized trial. Mov Disord. 2011;26(8):1521-1528.
    • (2011) Mov Disord , vol.26 , Issue.8 , pp. 1521-1528
    • Jankovic, J.1    Comella, C.2    Hanschmann, A.3    Grafe, S.4
  • 94
    • 80052977207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overall clinical efficacy and overall tolerability of NT 201; botulinum neurotoxin free from complexing proteins [abstract]
    • Mo-403
    • Benecke R, Grafe S, Sassin I, Comes G. Overall clinical efficacy and overall tolerability of NT 201; botulinum neurotoxin free from complexing proteins [abstract]. Mov Disord. 2009;24(Suppl S1):S84:Mo-403.
    • (2009) Mov Disord , vol.24 , Issue.SUPPL. S1
    • Benecke, R.1    Grafe, S.2    Sassin, I.3    Comes, G.4
  • 95
    • 84856187944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of repeated NT 201 (botulinum neurotoxin type A free from complexing proteins) injections of patients with focal dystonia [abstract]
    • P01.268
    • Grafe S, Hanschmann A. Safety and efficacy of repeated NT 201 (botulinum neurotoxin type A free from complexing proteins) injections of patients with focal dystonia [abstract]. Neurology. 2010;74(9 Suppl 2):A87:P01.268.
    • (2010) Neurology , vol.74 , Issue.9 SUPPL. 2
    • Grafe, S.1    Hanschmann, A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.